Religious decline is tied to its own internal struggles of organized religion as well as external sources.
Reviving the faith. Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification
Within religious institutions, a lack of trust exists. Abuse and scandals, as well as financial manipulation have pushed many away from organized religion. In addition, many individuals see more spiritual connections and dislike the dogmatic codes of a more social religion.
Externally, religion has been at odds with secularism and atheism for over 3 centuries since the modern era. Humanistic, evolutionary, and secular morals have become stronger and stronger. The appeal of moral freedom from a dogmatic code, coupled with internal strife of institutions has created a spiritual decline at the start of the 21st Century. No doubt, the faith has always risen and fallen over periods, with ages of corruption and reform, but religion itself finds itself in decline, especially in the Western world.
Will a pride in religious culture, help awaken the faith? Will reforms against abuses and extremism help attract people back to the faith? Time will tell but as we exist today in the first part of the 21st Century, we are definitely experiencing a time of decline awaiting a reform and spiritual awakening in Christ.
Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Training Program. Christian Counselors can play a role in re-lighting the flame for Christ in the world with one person at a time.
Like in previous blogs, attending to the client, empathetically listening and observing, properly responding and encouraging are key elements in basic counseling. Like a coach training a player or athlete, challenging and encouraging a client to change is like coaching. It involves the counselor helping the client push forward, and like in coaching, this sometimes involves more than just challenging, but to also focus on the issue that needs addressed and then properly fix it. A good coach will focus and see a flaw in the mechanics of a player and then challenge and confront the player and help guide the player to fixing it. Counselors focus on the client’s story and then discover the core issues. After finding the core issues, they offer empathetic confrontations to help push forward. These skills represent later measures after basic attending, listening, observing and responding and look in later sessions to help the client find real and true change. In this blog, we will first look at focusing and then conclude with empathetic confrontation.
Focusing in Counseling
According to Ivey, the skill of focusing is a form of attending of the client that enables a counselor to discover multiple views of the client’s story (2018, p. 221). It helps the client think of new possibilities during the restory and call to action (Ivey, 2019, p. 221). A counselor goes well beyond merely the “I” in the story but looks to broaden the story beyond merely the client but into other aspects of the client’s life. How the counselor responds to the client hence can play a key role in where the story proceeds in the counseling sessions. Counselors who direct the conversation through selective attention skills can take the “I” conversation into other social and cultural spheres of the client. These other spheres of influence can be key clues into the client’s mindset. Ultimately, focusing is about helping the client address emotional issues. It is client based and humanistic in approach.
How a counselor focuses on the multiple aspects of a client’s story is key to understanding the whole story. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification
Ivey lists seven focus dimensions that counselors can utilize in responding and discussing issues. The first is to focus on the client him/herself. This involves direct questions regarding the client’s feelings. The second involves focusing on the theme . It involves asking the client about the issue itself and discovering details regarding the theme of the issue and how the client feels in the immediate moment. The third dimension shifts focus to others within the client’s life. It delves into questions about significant others, family members, friends or others involved in the issue. The fourth dimension of focusing looks at mutual aspects of how the client and counselor can work together. It emphasizes “we” and how the counselor and client can find ways to deal with the issue. The fifth dimension focuses on the counselor. It involves how the counselor can paraphrase and share appropriate and similar experiences with solutions. The sixth focus puts into perspective the issue in regards to the client’s cultural or environmental background and how they may play into the current issue. Finally, focusing on the here and now delves into identifying how the client feels at the moment itself (Ivey, 2018, p. 221).
Focusing on a client’s cultural/religious/ethnic background can play a key in discovering issues that exist in the person. It can help explain why a particular client responds and reacts a certain way. It can also be used to find strengths for the person. Ivey illustrates the importance of Community and Family Genograms that help map out the client’s background (2018, p.212). A good family genogram will help clients identify issues from a cultural standpoint and understand better their relationship to their surrounding environment and its stressors. In addition, it can also help clients discover new hidden strengths that exist within their family and culture. Helping the diverse client take pride in their past and heritage can help build resiliency. When stressors or issues occur, a client can utilize a term referred to as “body anchoring” where the client reflects upon a voice of a relative, famous individual, or cultural icon to help him/herself find confidence and strength to face the issue (Ivey, 2018, p. 220). This also helps multicultural clients have the power to name issues that are effecting them. Using focus on culture can be a very helpful tool when utilized correctly during a counsel session. This type of focusing helps many diverse populations deal more effectively against microaggressions (Ivey, 2018, p. 248).
Ways to help find a client’s particular cultural awareness during focusing is through the Cross five stage model, named after William Cross (Ivey, 2018, p. 244). Also referred to as the five stages of cultural identity, Cross identified how diverse populations recognize themselves and respond to confrontation. Focusing on the stage of a particular client hence can be very beneficial. The first stage involves the conformity stage. The individual may be unaware of racial identity and merely conforms to societal expectations. The second stage involves dissonance where the individual realizes that something does not match or fit. This can lead to self-appreciation or self doubt. The third stage results in resistance or emersion. An individual may become more angry at the injustice or immerse oneself more in one’s own culture. The fourth phase involves introspection where the individual sees oneself as an individual and part of the cultural group. The final phase of integrative awareness is the full sense of caring for oneself and one’s cultural heritage. This leads to appreciation and action but more so due to pride and awareness (Ivey, 2018, p. 245). Through identification of these phases or stages, counselors can help clients better utilize the client’s heritage and culture to empower the client in various interventions.
Empathetic Confrontation
Empathetic Confrontation looks to help someone understand negative behaviors in a nonjudgmental and empathetic way
A counselor, like a coach, uses a variety of encouragement and challenging strategies to help a client find change. Within the Problem Management Model, a client is shown the present, perceived view and ways to find the new view. This involves identifying internal as well as external conflicts. Sometimes, clients may become stuck in a way of thinking. They lack intentionality to change or lack creativity (Ivey, 2018, p. 229). Within this state, the client becomes immobile, experiences blocks, cannot achieve goals, lacks motivation and has reached an impasse (Ivey, 2018, p. 229). In these, cases, like a coach, the counselor needs to help the client face these issues and move forward. This involves a type of confrontation but this confrontation is not meant to imply aggression or hostile or argumentative behavior but is an engagement for change. According to Ivey, Carl Rogers pushed for the ideal of Empathetic Confrontation, which espouses a gentle listening to the client and then encouraging the client to examine oneself more fully (2018, p. 2029). Summaries are an excellent way to help confront a client with empathy. In this way, the counselor can present a two-part summary which states both positions with the connecting phrase “but on the other hand” (Ivey, 2018, p. 229-230). This presents both views of feelings and allows the client to digest the statement and see any discrepancies or issues of conflict within his/her logic.
Carl Rogers points out that even when presented in these terms, sometimes, the client may feel attacked or confronted. In these cases, he suggests to also hold tight to nonjudgmental attitudes, keeping one’s own beliefs to the side. Rogers emphasized that individuals with issues who come to counseling do not need judged or evaluated but guided (Ivey, 2018, p. 230). Within any issue, the counselor confronts but also supports. This involves first a relationship that must exist. Without a relationship of trust, the client will not accept any advice from a sterile stranger who he/she may merely see as a paid listener. When confronting, it is essential when summarizing to state the client’s point of view first, before comparing the opposing view. In addition, the client must remain in charge of outcomes. The counselor when confronting is not telling the client what to do but offering suggestions (Ivey, 2018, p. 232). In conclusion, the counselor must listen and observe for mixed messages and then respond with empathy in a summary that clarifies any internal or external issues. This should resolve with actions towards resolution of the issue (Ivey, 2018, p. 235).
Egan points out that are multiple ways to challenge and confront clients to life enhancing actions. Egan differentiates between goals but also strong intention and commitments to a course of action. The importance of understanding the value of action intentions is key in helping a client carry out a particular again (2019, p, 234-235). Implementing these instructions, with strong phrases such as “I strongly intend to do x when y occurs” can help clients find tools necessary to incorporate the necessary change (Egan, 2019, p. 235). Sometimes, a self contract to do a certain thing can be a powerful tool in helping clients galvanize towards change (Egan, 2019, p. 239).
Egan also points out that counselors need to help their clients overcome procrastination. Egan lists numerous excuses that can include competing daily agendas or short term pains (2019, p. 236). It is important to guide one’s client between conscious deliberation and procrastination that prevents true change.
Egan reminds counselors to also help clients identify unused resources that can help facilitate change. Replace “I can’t” with “I can” phrases by helping the client discover unused talents and resources to help one overcome negative thoughts of failure. (Egan, 2019, p.237).
When aiding clients with life enhancing actions, it is important to provide sometimes confirmatory feedback as well as corrective feedback. Obviously, confirmatory feedback acknowledges progress, but corrective feedback looks to help clients who wandered off from the course of action (Egan, 2019, p. 244). The spirit of empathy and nonjudgment are again essential in how this is accomplished. In many ways, it is confronting but in a non hostile way. Counselors can help clients stay on track through multiple ways via checklists, identification of possible obstacles and helping them identify damaging attitudes. Such attitudes can be due to a passivity not to take responsibility, a learned helplessness, disabling self talk, or disorganization (Egan, 2019, p. 245-248). Egan also warns that while helping clients, be aware of entropy and how initial change can gradually break down. Egan lists false hopes and the natural decay curve as two things that can occur in clients (2019, p.249-250). Within each, clients may have too high of expectations, or consider mistakes to destroy the entire process. Give clients the power to make mistakes throughout the process.
Sometimes, as noted, some clients are more resistant to confrontation and change. Some may become visibly upset if confronted with a discrepancy in life. Different clients respond to different challenges in different ways. The Client Change Scale or CCS is a way to measure a client’s reaction to empathetic confrontation (Ivey, 2018, p. 237). Level 1 involves denial of the issue. Within this level, the story is distorted and the client will look to blame others unfairly. Level 2 consists of bargaining and partial acceptance of the story. In this reality, the story is finally changing in a more true direction. Level 3 involves acceptance of the reality. The truth is recognized and the story is finally complete. Level 4 incorporates new solutions to make the story better and finally Level 5 refers to transcendence and the incorporation of the new story into the client’s life (Ivey, 2018, p. 246). The CCS helps the counselor track each session and see if progress or regression occurs from one session to the next in regards to change.
Egan points out that many individuals are reluctant to change due to variety of issues including fear of intensity of it, lack of trust in the process, extreme shame, loss of hope, or even the cost of the change itself (2019, p. 253-255). In dealing with these things, counselors need to be realistic and flexible and look to push the client beyond resistance by examining incentives of change (Egan, 2019, 259). In some cases, when change is identified and the need for it accepted, clients may need time in adjusting or implementing it. Egan points out that change can exist on two levels. He refers to these types of changes as first order changes and second order changes. First order change is operational and a short term solution, while second order change is more strategic and long term. Egan compares the two with first and second as being compared in these ways. First order utilizes adjustments to the current situation, while second is systematic, first monitors, while second creates new, first creates temporary, while second creates to endure. First changes look sometimes to deal with the symptoms while second attacks the causes (Egan, 2019, p. 308).
In some clients, the situation to change may not permit a new paradigm but may requires coping skills. For instance, a stressed employee may be forced to keep a stressful job but may need to tinker with it due to the financial a loss of finding a new job would incur with a more lasting change, while a battered spouse would require a permanent change and would not be able to cope with the existing abuse.
An interesting model is the GROW model. John Whitmore, creator of the model utilized the acronym to produce change and to assess one’s willingness to change. G represents goal or what one wishes to accomplish. R stands for reality and where the client currently exists. O stands for options and what one can possibly do. Finally W stands for will, or what one is willing to do.
This model as well the Problem Management Model are ways to help move the sessions and help identify issues and assess how to empathetically confront and challenge individuals to productive change.
Conclusion
How a counselor attends to a client also involves sometimes more than listening but also focusing on particular aspects of the client’s life. This involves the other aspects of the clients life and in many cases includes cultural and social issues that affect the client. This can be merely family but also take upon the broader cultural aspect of a person. Someone of European descent may react quite differently than someone of Asian descent to the same issue. Hence focusing in on these issues is an essential attending skill. It is also important to understand where one cultural exists within oneself. The Cross model can help counselors better gauge one’s cultural awareness and how that plays in one’s particular situation.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification as well its Christian Counseling Program.
In addition, this blog discussed the importance of Empathetic Confrontation. Carl Rogers understood the importance of helping individuals identify problems that were internal or external but he also understood that is was critical to approach confrontation with nonjudgment and empathy. Employing a two part summary with “on the other hand” can help expose issues and offer good solutions but different individuals react to confrontation to change differently. The Client Change Scale is an excellent way to gauge and monitor a client’s willingness to change. Through Empathetic Confrontation, the counselor looks to challenge past themes or schemas of a client’s life and help them find new ways to correct negative behaviors.
Please also review AIHCP’s many mental health certification programs. AIHCP offers a Grief Counseling Certification, as well as a Christian Counseling Certification. In addition, AIHCP offers programs in Crisis Intervention, Healthcare Life Coaching, Stress Management and Anger Management Consulting. The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.
Reference
Ivey, A. et, al. “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed( (2018). Cengage.
Additional Resources
Williams, M. (2018). “Ethnic and Racial Identity and the Therapeutic Alliance”. Psychology Today. Access here
Sutton, J. (2022). “How to Assess and Improve Readiness for Change”, PositivePsychology.com. Access here
In an era where stress and anxiety pervade daily life, mindfulness meditation emerges as a beacon of relief and tranquility. This ancient practice, rooted in the recognition and acceptance of the present moment, holds profound implications for emotional and physical well-being. Despite its historical origins, mindfulness meditation has gained recognition in the modern world as a valuable tool for stress reduction and the management of anxiety. Through facilitating a state of calm awareness, individuals are empowered to navigate the complexities of life with a greater sense of ease and stability. By creating a space between your thoughts and your reactions, meditation allows you to witness the happenings in your mind without judgment, leading to a calmer and more focused state of being. Regular practice can not only make you feel better and more refreshed but also equip you with the skills to face daily challenges with a healthier attitude. Scientific research supports these claims, showing that meditation can improve symptoms of stress-related conditions and promote overall emotional and physical well-being.
Meditation is tied to stress reduction. Please also review AIHCP’s Meditation Instructor and Stress Management Consultant programs
The subsequent sections of this article will delve into a comprehensive exploration of mindfulness meditation, illuminating its connection to stress reduction and its myriad benefits to mental and physical health. Readers will gain insights into various meditation techniques, practical steps to initiate a meditation practice, and strategies to overcome common challenges encountered along the journey. Additionally, the discussion will extend to advanced meditation practices, offering pathways for further growth and exploration. The culmination of this discussion seeks to equip individuals with the knowledge and tools necessary to harness the power sunlocking a more serene and mindful existence.
Also if a professional and seeking certification as a Meditation Instructor or as a Stress Management Consultant, then please review and click the links at the end of the article with information about the programs.
Key Takeaways
Meditation helps create a mental space between thoughts and reactions, fostering a calmer state of mind.
Regular meditation practice can offer significant emotional and physical benefits, including improved sleep and reduced anxiety.
Scientific studies have shown that meditation can alleviate symptoms of stress-related conditions like irritable bowel syndrome and PTSD.
Various meditation techniques, such as mindfulness and loving-kindness meditation, are effective for stress relief.
Incorporating meditation into daily life can be facilitated by setting up a dedicated space, choosing the right time, and using guided meditations.
Understanding Meditation
Mindfulness meditation is a mental training practice that focuses on slowing down racing thoughts, letting go of negativity, and calming both the mind and body. It involves being fully focused on the present moment, acknowledging and accepting thoughts, feelings, and sensations without judgment. This practice can be straightforward enough to learn on one’s own, but a teacher or program may be beneficial, especially if meditation is pursued for specific health reasons.
During mindfulness meditation, individuals become aware of their breath, noting the sensation of air moving in and out of their body and the temperature changes associated with breathing. The primary goal is not to stop thoughts but to become more comfortable observing them without reaction, using the breath as a stable point of focus.
Clinical studies have supported the effectiveness of meditation for various conditions including stress, anxiety, pain, depression, and insomnia. Mindfulness helps individuals experience thoughts and emotions with greater balance and acceptance, improving overall mental health and attention.
Structured mindfulness exercises such as body scan meditation, sitting meditation, and walking meditation are also effective. These practices involve focusing attention on different parts of the body or the act of walking, helping to cultivate a deeper awareness of the present moment. Practicing mindfulness can be simple and integrated into daily routines, enhancing one’s ability to live in the moment and engage with the world with an open and accepting attitude.
Mindfulness meditation encourages a non-judgmental attitude towards one’s thoughts and feelings, fostering a sense of curiosity and kindness towards oneself and others. This approach helps in exploring the present moment as it is, enhancing the capacity to manage life’s challenges with grace and resilience.
The Connection Between Meditation and Stress Reduction
If stressed out, try meditation. Please review AIHCP’s Meditation Instructor Program
Meditation has long been recognized for its ability to reduce stress, offering practitioners a sense of calm, peace, and balance that extends beyond the meditation session into daily life. By focusing on the present and engaging in mindfulness practices, individuals can clear away the information overload that contributes significantly to daily stress. This process not only helps in managing stress but also enhances overall emotional and physical well-being.
Meditation offers us a way to mitigate the effects of stress by influencing how our brains respond to stress triggers. It helps us temper our reactions, cultivate a more balanced response to stressors, and even befriend stress. Meditation gives us a helping hand in managing our stress levels, not by eliminating stress but by changing our relationship with it.
How Mindfulness Reduces Stress
Mindfulness meditation facilitates a unique mental state where one becomes more aware of their thoughts, allowing them to step back and not take these thoughts so literally, which prevents the stress response from initiating in the first place. This form of meditation encourages individuals to not immediately react to situations but instead, pause, use their “wise mind” to assess the situation, and then respond in the most appropriate manner. The practice switches the mind from a “doing” mode, associated with action and stress responses, to a “being” mode, which is linked to relaxation and a reduced stress response.
The Stress Breath Practice
A practical application of mindfulness in managing stress is the Stress Breath Practice, introduced by Andres Gonzalez. This technique involves a specific breathing practice that can be utilized in any stressful or anxious situation, helping to reset the brain and shift the body from a state of stress to one of calm. By using everyday objects as cues for the practice, such as car keys in Gonzalez’s example, individuals can create habitual responses that facilitate stress management throughout the day.
Guided Meditations for Stress
Guided meditations, like the body scan meditation, have been scientifically shown to reduce stress markers such as cortisol levels. Participants in these guided sessions report significant reductions in stress, evidenced by biological markers and personal reports of increased calm and reduced anxiety. These practices are particularly beneficial as they provide structured pathways for individuals to follow, potentially leading to more consistent and effective meditation practices.
Through these methods, mindfulness meditation not only helps individuals manage existing stress but also builds resilience against future stressors, enhancing both mental and physical health in the process. By incorporating mindfulness practices into daily routines, individuals can maintain a more balanced and stress-reduced lifestyle.
Scientific Studies on Meditation and Stress Reduction
Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews
Meta-analyses and systematic reviews have provided comprehensive insights into the efficacy of meditation for stress reduction. A meta-analysis including nearly 1,300 adults found that meditation may decrease anxiety. Notably, this effect was strongest in those with the highest levels of anxiety. These reviews often highlight the role of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing perceived stress and anxiety.
Longitudinal Studies
Longitudinal studies have shown that regular meditation practice can lead to sustained reductions in stress levels over time. For instance, an 8-week study on mindfulness meditation revealed a significant reduction in the inflammation response caused by stress. These findings suggest that the benefits of meditation extend beyond immediate stress relief to long-term health improvements.
Randomized Controlled Trials
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard in clinical research. RCTs on meditation have demonstrated its effectiveness in managing stress-related conditions. For example, a study titled “The Neuroscience of Mindfulness Meditation” found that mindfulness meditation can improve both mental and physical health. Another RCT comparing meditation and exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection showed that meditation could be a viable alternative to traditional medical interventions.
The effect of conscious mindfulness-based informative approaches decreased the perceived stress and anxiety of the patients in the experimental group, highlighting the practical benefits of meditation in clinical settings.
Benefits of Meditation on Mental Health
Meditation offers a multitude of benefits for mental health, primarily by instilling a sense of calm, peace, and balance that enhances overall emotional well-being. By fostering a new perspective on stress-inducing situations, meditation builds skills that help individuals manage stress more effectively. This practice increases self-awareness, focuses attention on the present, and reduces negative emotions, which collectively contribute to improved mental health.
Meditation has numerous health benefits beyond merely stress reduction
Reduction in Anxiety and Depression
Meditation has been consistently linked to lower rates of anxiety and depression. The practice helps by altering brain function; it reduces the activity in the amygdala, known for its role in processing fear and stress, and it disengages the prefrontal cortex that often exacerbates stress and anxiety. Regular meditation leads to changes in these brain areas, which are particularly relevant in the context of depression and anxiety. Studies have shown that mindfulness, whether innate or cultivated through meditation, correlates strongly with reduced symptoms of these mental health conditions. Additionally, meditation practices like mindfulness-based cognitive therapy blend cognitive behavioral techniques with meditative practices, effectively reducing anxiety and depression by altering negative thought patterns.
Improvement in Emotional Well-being
Mindfulness meditation enhances emotional well-being by teaching individuals to engage with the present moment in a non-judgmental and accepting manner. This increased mindfulness leads to better emotional regulation and reduces tendencies toward anger and negative mood states. The practice of mindfulness can significantly increase self-awareness, allowing individuals to recognize and manage negative thoughts and mood patterns more effectively. Moreover, various forms of meditation, including guided imagery and walking meditation, contribute to an enhanced state of mental clarity and emotional tranquility. The ability to maintain focus on the present and to manage one’s reactions to stress and anxiety not only alleviates current symptoms but also contributes to long-term emotional resilience.
Physical Health Benefits of Meditation
Reducing Blood Pressure
Meditation techniques such as Transcendental Meditation and mindfulness-based stress reduction have been shown to produce clinically significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These techniques can be effective as standalone treatments or alongside traditional pharmacotherapy, offering small yet meaningful reductions in blood pressure. Studies suggest that the efficacy of meditation in reducing blood pressure is comparable to that achieved with single-agent drug therapy, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool in managing hypertension. Furthermore, meditation can be efficiently and effectively delivered, potentially reducing the need for laboratory monitoring or frequent prescription refills, and generally exhibits few and rare side effects.
Research also indicates that various meditation practices can modestly lower blood pressure, as affirmed by an American Heart Association scientific statement. Techniques designed to evoke the relaxation response, developed by Dr. Herbert Benson, have been particularly helpful in managing high blood blood pressure and other stress-related disorders. This relaxation response counters the stress-induced fight-or-flight response, promoting a state of restful alertness that beneficially impacts cardiovascular health. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a key indicator of autonomic nervous system function and overall cardiovascular health. Regular meditation practice has been linked to improved HRV, which reflects a better balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. This balance is essential for maintaining a calm state and preventing new damage from the physical effects of stress.
Meditation has been shown to significantly reduce cortisol levels, the primary hormone associated with stress. Cortisol reduction is crucial as elevated levels can disrupt sleep, promote depression and anxiety, increase blood pressure, and contribute to fatigue and cloudy thinking.
Boosting Immune Function
Meditation has been found to robustly activate the immune system, with studies showing increased activity in genes related to the immune response following meditation practices. Notably, meditation led to heightened activity in genes associated with interferon signaling, which plays a crucial role in the body’s defense against viruses and potentially severe illnesses like COVID-19. This suggests that meditation can enhance the body’s natural defense mechanisms, contributing to improved overall health and resilience against infections.
Additionally, mindfulness meditation has been shown to influence several key aspects of the immune system, including reducing markers of inflammation and increasing the number of CD-4 cells, which are vital for orchestrating the immune response to infections. Regular meditation practice has also been associated with increased telomerase activity, which helps maintain chromosome stability and prevents premature cellular aging. This can lead to better immune function and reduced susceptibility to a variety of age-related diseases.
In summary, mindfulness meditation not only helps in reducing blood pressure but also enhances immune function, providing a holistic benefit to physical health. These interventions can be integrated into daily routines, offering a sustainable approach to managing and improving overall health.
Enhanced Emotional Stability
Meditation has been shown to offer many benefits. Although it’s well known as a technique to reduce stress and anxiety, research shows that it may also help enhance your mood, promote healthy sleep patterns, and boost cognitive skills. Meditation can give you a sense of calm, peace, and balance that can benefit your emotional well-being and your overall health.
Reduction in Anxiety Symptoms
Meditation is the habitual process of training your mind to focus and redirect your thoughts. The popularity of meditation is increasing as more people discover its many health benefits. You can use it to increase awareness of yourself and your surroundings. Many people think of it as a way to reduce stress and develop concentration.
Improvement in Sleep Quality
People also use the practice to develop other beneficial habits and feelings, such as a positive mood and outlook, self-discipline, healthy sleep patterns, and even increased pain tolerance. Meditation can help you learn to stay centered and keep inner peace.
The emotional and physical benefits of meditation can include: giving you a new way to look at things that cause stress, building skills to manage your stress, making you more self-aware, focusing on the present, reducing negative feelings, helping you be more creative,
Different Techniques of Meditation
There are numerous types of meditation. Please also review AIHCP’s Meditation Instructor Certification
Mindfulness Meditation
Mindfulness meditation focuses on being present and fully engaged with whatever one is doing at the moment, free from distraction or judgment. Individuals practicing mindfulness learn to pay attention to their breath as it goes in and out and acknowledge when the mind wanders from this task. This practice helps in returning to and remaining in the present moment, anchoring oneself without judgment. Mindfulness can be simple yet requires patience, as it involves continually bringing one’s attention back to the breath or chosen object of focus. This technique fosters a deep engagement with the present moment and enhances personal awareness and acceptance.
Transcendental Meditation
Transcendental Meditation (TM) is a form of meditation that involves silently repeating a mantra to settle the mind and achieve a state of profound relaxation and balance. This technique, derived from the Vedic tradition, does not involve concentration or contemplation, making it distinct from mindfulness meditation. TM allows individuals to transcend thought, reaching a state of ‘pure awareness’ or restful alertness. The practice is usually taught by certified instructors through a standardized course, ensuring that each participant learns the technique properly to achieve optimal results.
Guided Meditation
Guided meditation is another effective technique, particularly beneficial for beginners who may require more structure in their practice. It involves following the spoken instructions of a guide or teacher, which can be delivered through audio recordings or in-person sessions. These meditations utilize visualizations and are often designed to target specific areas such as stress reduction, emotional healing, or personal growth. They help practitioners to focus their attention and achieve deeper levels of relaxation. Guided meditations are versatile and can include various elements such as mindful breathing, body scans, or visual imagery to enhance the meditation experience.
Each of these techniques offers unique benefits and can be chosen based on individual preferences and goals. Whether one seeks to improve concentration and presence through mindfulness, achieve deep relaxation with Transcendental Meditation, or explore structured pathways through guided sessions, these practices provide valuable tools for enhancing mental and physical well-being.
Loving-Kindness Meditation
Loving-Kindness Meditation (LKM) focuses on developing feelings of compassion and love towards oneself and others. This practice can help in reducing negative emotions and fostering a positive outlook, which is essential for stress relief.
Exploring different meditation techniques can help you find the one that best suits your needs. Regular practice is key to experiencing the full benefits of meditation.
Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Meditation
Meditation in Eastern Traditions
Meditation has been around for thousands of years, deeply rooted in Eastern traditions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Taoism. Mindfulness’ roots reach deep into Buddhism, where it was originally practiced to deepen understanding of the sacred and mystical forces of life. In Hinduism, meditation is a key component of yoga, aimed at achieving spiritual enlightenment. Taoist meditation focuses on harmonizing the body, mind, and spirit with the Tao, or the fundamental nature of the universe.
Western Adoption of Meditation
In more recent years, mindfulness has become a popular way to help people manage their stress and improve their overall well-being. The Western adoption of meditation began in the 20th century, influenced by Eastern philosophies and practices. Psychologists have found that mindfulness meditation changes our brain and biology in positive ways, improving mental and physical health. This has led to the integration of meditation into various therapeutic practices and wellness programs.
Evolution of Meditation Practices
Meditation practices have evolved over time, adapting to the cultural and societal needs of different eras. Initially, meditation was primarily a spiritual practice, but it has since expanded to include secular applications. Today, there are two major styles of meditation: focused-attention meditation and open-monitoring meditation. Focused-attention meditation concentrates on a single object, thought, or sound, while open-monitoring meditation encourages awareness of all aspects of one’s environment and self.
Meditation is a type of mind-body complementary medicine that can help you relax deeply and calm your mind. There is no wrong way to meditate, making it accessible to people from all walks of life.
Steps to Start Your Meditation Practice
Once you decide to meditate for health and better quality of life, you will need to find a place to maximize its benefits.
Find a Quiet Place
To begin your meditation practice, it is crucial to find a quiet and comfortable place where distractions are minimal. This could be a dedicated space in your home or any area where you feel at ease and can relax without interruptions. It is also beneficial to sit in a calm and quiet area that feels peaceful, as this setting helps in focusing and maintaining the tranquility necessary for effective meditation.
Set a Time
Consistency is key in meditation, so setting aside a specific time each day for this practice is essential. Many find it helpful to meditate early in the morning or just before bedtime, as these times are generally quieter and less prone to disturbances. Starting with a manageable time limit, such as five or ten minutes, can be effective, especially for beginners. As you grow more accustomed to the practice, you can gradually increase the duration.
Focus on Your Breathing
Focusing on your breath is a fundamental aspect of meditation. Start by breathing naturally and paying attention to the air moving in and out of your body, without attempting to control or alter your breathing pattern. This focus helps anchor your mind in the present moment. Whether you choose to sit on a chair with your feet flat on the ground or on a cushion on the floor, ensure your back is straight but not tense. Let your hands rest comfortably, and gently close your eyes to help maintain focus. When thoughts or physical sensations interrupt your focus, simply acknowledge them and return your attention to your breath.
Guided meditations can be particularly helpful for beginners. There are many apps and online resources available that offer guided sessions, ranging from a few minutes to an hour. These can provide structure and help you stay focused, especially when you’re just starting out.
Everyday ways to practice meditation include integrating it into your daily routine. You can meditate while eating, showering, walking, or even listening mindfully. The key is to find what works best for you and stick with it.
By incorporating these steps into your daily routine, you can establish a solid foundation for your meditation practice, enhancing both mental and physical well-being.
Overcoming Common Challenges in Meditation
Handling Distractions
Distractions are a natural part of the meditation process, and learning to manage them effectively is crucial for a productive practice. One common method to handle distractions is to let them pass without giving them new energy, which naturally strengthens concentration. When distractions arise, such as a stray thought or external noise, acknowledging them without engagement can help maintain focus on the meditation practice. It is beneficial to treat distractions as opportunities to cultivate patience and improve focus by gently bringing attention back to the meditation object, whether it’s the breath, a mantra, or bodily sensations.
Another effective strategy is to develop a mindset of non-craving and non-resistance. This involves accepting the present moment and whatever experiences it brings without wishing for a different reality. By embracing distractions with self-compassion and returning to the present moment, meditators can transform these interruptions into moments of mindfulness.
Overcoming Initial Discomfort
It does often take some practice, however, and some people find it difficult to “get it” in the beginning. Meditation also requires a little patience and may be difficult for people with little free time. However, the time and effort it takes to learn and practice is well worth it in terms of the benefits it provides.
Maintaining Consistency
Consistency is the backbone of a successful meditation practice, yet it is often where many practitioners encounter challenges. To enhance consistency, it is helpful to meditate at the same time and place each day, creating a ritual that anchors the practice. This could involve setting up a specific area in your home as a dedicated meditation space, which can help in forming a habit.
Tracking one’s meditation sessions can also significantly improve consistency. Using a simple method like marking a calendar for each completed meditation session provides visual progress and can motivate continued practice. Additionally, starting with short meditation sessions and gradually increasing the duration as comfort with the practice grows can prevent feelings of overwhelm and build confidence in one’s ability to meditate regularly.
Implementing a routine is another key aspect. Setting aside a consistent time and space for meditation and committing to show up can make it easier to integrate the practice into daily life. Building rituals, such as lighting candles or saying a prayer before meditating, can also enhance the meditation experience and make it more enjoyable, which supports regular practice.
For those struggling with motivation, it is important to remember the long-term benefits of meditation and to write an implementation intention. This helps in staying committed to the practice even when inspiration wanes, by reinforcing the values and discipline rather than fleeting feelings.
By addressing these common challenges with practical strategies, individuals can enjoy a more consistent and rewarding meditation practice, leading to significant improvements in mental and physical well-being.
Meditation research is still relatively new, but promising. Numerous studies have found that, in diverse populations, meditation can minimize stress and build resilience.
Advanced Meditation Practices
Deepening Your Meditation
In the Hindu tradition, advanced stages of meditation are known as savikalpa samadhi and nirvikalpa samadhi. Savikalpa samadhi represents a state where concentration continues with subtle effort, akin to a continuous flow of green dots in concentration. This stage is contrasted by nirvikalpa samadhi, or seed-less absorption, where there is no effort, no meditator, and no object of meditation, symbolized by empty dots. Achieving these states is rare and marks a significant milestone in one’s meditative journey.
True meditation involves letting go of any effort to change, improve, or deepen the practice. If a desire to go ‘deeper’ arises, it should simply be observed without reaction. This non-reactive observation allows the meditation to deepen naturally, leading to profound silence and freedom.
Incorporating Mantras
Mantra meditation can significantly illuminate and transform the mind. Mantras, often encapsulated in sacred texts like the Shiva Sutras, are said to transfigure the mind through deep identification with the Self enshrined in the mantra. A systematic approach to integrating mantra and consciousness is through purashcharana, where a mantra is repeated a specific number of times each day for a set period, potentially lasting months or years. This practice magnifies the mantra’s energy, purifies the mind, and removes spiritual impediments.
The practice of japa, or the repetition of a mantra, is foundational in mantra meditation. Initially, the mantra is linked with the breath to stabilize concentration. As familiarity with the mantra increases, it begins to pulse more rapidly and effortlessly in a phase called ajapa japa, where the mantra reverberates continuously without conscious effort. This advanced stage of mantra meditation not only deepens the meditative experience but also integrates the mantra into daily consciousness, making it a constant source of peace and calm.
In conclusion, advanced meditation practices like savikalpa samadhi and nirvikalpa samadhi represent profound depths of meditation that few achieve. Incorporating mantras through practices like purashcharana and japa can significantly enhance and deepen one’s meditation, leading to transformative spiritual growth.
Future Directions in Meditation Research
Emerging Technologies
The integration of emerging technologies into meditation practices is a promising area of research. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are being explored to create immersive meditation experiences. These technologies can provide guided sessions that adapt to the user’s progress, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of meditation.
Interdisciplinary Approaches
Interdisciplinary approaches are crucial for advancing our understanding of meditation. Combining insights from psychology, neuroscience, and even artificial intelligence can lead to more comprehensive studies. This holistic view can help in identifying the specific mechanisms through which meditation impacts mental and physical health.
Potential for Personalized Meditation Programs
The potential for personalized meditation programs is another exciting direction. By using data from wearable devices and self-reports, customized meditation routines can be developed to meet individual needs. This approach can make meditation more accessible and effective for a broader audience.
Recent evidence has shown that mindfulness meditation training can decrease loneliness and increase daily positive emotion in novices. Moreover, these personalized programs can adapt to changes in the user’s mental state, providing a more tailored experience.
Conclusion
Throughout this article, we explored the nuanced world of mindfulness meditation, unveiling its quintessential role in stress reduction and its broader implications on mental, emotional, and physical health. We delved into various techniques and practical steps for integrating meditation into daily life, overcoming common challenges along the way. The journey through mindfulness meditation not only highlights its efficacy in managing stress and enhancing well-being but also emphasizes its transformative potential on overall quality of life. By embracing mindfulness, individuals gain access to a powerful tool that fosters resilience, emotional balance, and a deeper connection to the present moment.
Meditation reduces stress! Please also review AIHCP’s Meditation Instructor and Stress Management Consultant certification programs and see if they meet your academic and professional goals
The practice of meditation, particularly mindfulness meditation, has been shown to be an effective tool for stress reduction. By creating a space between our thoughts and our reactions to those thoughts, meditation allows us to witness our mental activity without judgment, thereby reducing the emotional and physical impacts of stress. Regular practice can lead to significant improvements in overall well-being, including better sleep, lower blood pressure, and reduced symptoms of stress-related conditions such as anxiety, depression, and irritable bowel syndrome. The academic and clinical evidence supporting these benefits underscores the importance of incorporating meditation into daily routines for those seeking to manage stress more effectively. As we continue to explore the depths of meditation’s impact on stress, it becomes increasingly clear that this ancient practice holds substantial promise for enhancing modern mental health and well-being.
The significance of mindfulness meditation extends beyond the individual, potentially influencing broader societal health and well-being. As we conclude, it’s clear that mindfulness meditation offers a pathway to a more mindful existence, characterized by increased awareness, acceptance, and a profound understanding of the interconnectedness of all aspects of life. This exploration sparks a call to action for further research and widespread adoption of mindfulness practices, promising a future where mindfulness meditation is not just a personal endeavor but a collective journey towards a more balanced, peaceful, and mindful society.
Please also review AIHCP’s Meditation Instructor Program and its Stress Management Consulting Program. Both programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in stress management or meditation instruction.
FAQs
How does meditating relieve stress?
Meditation, particularly mindfulness meditation, creates a space between your thoughts and your reaction to those thoughts. Instead of being swept away by mental activity, the practice of meditation simply invites you to witness what’s happening in your mind without judgment.
What is meditation?
Meditation is a practice where an individual uses a technique, such as mindfulness, or focusing the mind on a particular object, thought, or activity, to train attention and awareness, and achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm and stable state.
What are the benefits of meditation for stress management?
The benefits of meditation for stress management include reducing stress, controlling anxiety, promoting emotional health, enhancing self-awareness, lengthening attention span, and improving sleep.
How long does it take to see the benefits of meditation?
With regular practice over weeks or months, you can experience significant benefits from meditation, including reduced stress and anxiety, improved emotional health, and better sleep.
Can meditation help with stress-related medical conditions?
Yes, research has shown that meditation may improve symptoms of stress-related conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, and fibromyalgia.
How does meditation affect the body physically?
Meditation can lower resting heart rate, reduce blood pressure, and improve heart rate variability. It can also help in reducing cortisol levels, which is a stress hormone.
What types of meditation are best for stress relief?
Some of the best types of meditation for stress relief include mindfulness meditation, transcendental meditation, and loving-kindness meditation.
Is it normal to feel discomfort when starting meditation?
Yes, it is common to feel some initial discomfort when starting meditation. This can include physical discomfort from sitting still or mental discomfort from facing your thoughts. With consistent practice, these discomforts often diminish.
Additional Resources
“How to Manage Stress with Mindfulness and Meditation”. Mindful Staff. Mindful. Access here
Nash, J. (2022). “13 Ways Meditation Can Help You Relieve Stress (+ 3 Scripts)”. Positive Psychology. Access here
Howlett, K. (2018). “With mindfulness, life’s in the moment”. The Harvard Gazette. Access here
“Breath meditation: A great way to relieve stress” (2014). Harvard Health Publishing. Access here
To help transform a person to change, attending, listening and responding are key, but the skilled counselor needs to be able to help instigate change or water the seeds of the healing process within a client. Whether loss and grief, or merely more daily stressors or emotional issues that are holding the client back from living life productively, the counselor needs to know how to coach the client and help the client find that preferred outcome. This involves not only identifying the goals and actively pushing towards them but also motivating and challenging them. Like a coach who is able to abstract the best out of their players on the field, a counselor needs to be able to encourage and challenge his/her clients to produce meaningful change. Some clients respond better, others may be still facing inner turmoil and self esteem issues. Some clients may be more resilient naturally, while others may need more prodding and gentle and empathetic guidance. Each client is unique and different but the general ideas within this short blog complement the previous blogs on attending the client and responding to the client.
Challenging and encouraging a client to change is much like a coach trying to get the best of a player on the field
Some clients may have zero motivation to be challenged. They may possess some world view or bias that prevents this change. Some may be forced to attend counseling and feel no need to change. This can occur with state mandated counseling or clients forced to attend because of family or spouses. Some clients may feel motivated simply because of guilt and look to foster a positive change. Some may simply have an interest in the counseling process and wish to see what happens. In the best case, one will find a client who understands the critical importance of counseling and the changes that need made. Regardless of the clients motivation level, it is the purpose of the counselor to help bring the best out of the client. This can be easier said then done.
The Counselor as Coach?
Life coaching in itself is a newer field within the Human Service Field. It is not clinical or requiring of various licensing but it does promote the idea of healthy change and life styles. It involves a professional who is trained to motivate, direct and help clients meet end goals. This involves both encouraging and challenging the client. Whether it is a weight goal, training goal, dieting goal, or health and life style change, life coaches are inherently trained to help produce change through motivation, encouragement and challenging of their clients. Counselors, whether pastoral or clinical, working in grief counseling or other mental counseling disciplines, through empathetic listening and responding, should have a vested interest in helping their clients meet change, but some may lack the skills to help motivate the client to change. As counselors, the client is directed and given options, but is never commanded or forced to change, instead, the client is invited to change through an array of options. Many times, clients need motivated and encouraged and even challenged to push forward through these options. Many times they may fall and need help getting up. Again, like a coach in sports, it is the counselor’s profession to not only direct, but also to help the client emotionally and mentally push towards that direction.
Challenging for New Behaviors
According to Egan, it is important to challenge clients to change. He states,
“Help clients, challenge themselves to change ways of thinking, expressing emotions, and acting them mired in problem situations and prevent them from identifying and developing opportunities…become partners with your clients in helping them challenge themselves to find opportunities in their problems, to discover unused strengths and resources, both internal and external, and to commit themselves to the actions needed to make opportunity development happen (2019, p. 190).
In challenging, Egan emphasizes the importance of the counselor and client relationship which is based on trust and partnership. A counselor, in the eyes of the client, needs to earn the right to challenge. Once this is established, the counselor needs to ensure that challenges are presented tentatively but not apologetically, with a balance between not being too harsh but not also too passive. In addition, counselors need to ensure the challenges are clear and specific. Challenges also should not make demands or be forceful in nature but provide a structural system of choices. As the term challenge indicates, it is never easy, so help clients utilize unused strengths to help meet the challenges and the ability to build on successful challenges to meet new ones (2019, p. 220-225). As Egan points out, the counselor should be a “catalyst for a better future (2019, p. 190)”.
Many times, a counselor has to identify what is preventing the person from being able to face a challenge in life
In challenging clients, many times, they have many inherent issues that are already hampering them with the problem and maybe life in general. To help clients become more resilient and able to create new behaviors, counselors sometimes need to identify blocks and issues within the client. Egan lists a variety of target areas that negatively affect a client’s ability to respond to challenges and delay productive and healthy change. Through attending, listening and responding, a counselor is able to identify certain issues that may restrict the ability of a client to respond effectively to challenges.
The first issue Egan lists are what he refers to as self defeating mindsets that include “assumptions, attitudes, beliefs, values, bias, convictions, inclinations, norms, points of view, perceptions of self and the world, preconceptions and prejudices (2019, p. 190-191)”. Albert Ellis looked at facing irrational beliefs head on with interventions that would challenge irrational mindsets. According to Ellis, many individuals have flawed misconceptions on life. Egan lists a few of these ideals.
I must only be liked and loved in life
I must always be in control in life
I must always have my things done my way or no way
I should never have any problems
I am a victim and not responsible for any of my issues
I will avoid things that are difficult
I believe my past dictates what I do in the future
I do not need happiness in anything or anyone else
(Egan, 2019, p.191)
Ellis considered these mindsets as impediments to change because when something did happen that was bad, the person would tend to “catastrophize” it and become unable to adjust to the problem or even be remotely open to challenges to face it. In addition to these mindsets, Egan points out that some individuals embrace in four fallacies that hamper change, as according to Sternberg. Among those listed by Sternberg were egocentrism and taking into account only one’s own interests, omniscience and thinking one knows everything about the issue, omnipotence and feeling one can do whatever one desires and invulnerability and one will never face true consequences (2019, p.192). Obviously these four fallacies are undesirable characteristics and whether naive or part of a greater personality disorder, they are issues that can prevent true change in the client.
In addition to mindsets, some individuals may have self defeating emotions and feelings that prevent them from achieving goals. They may possess low self esteem or poor self image. They may have fears that prevent them doing greater things. Others may possess various dysfunctional behaviors that are external in nature. In essence, the person cannot get out of their own way in life. Their behavior, unknown to them sometimes, continues to create the issues they are trying to escape. Others may possess discrepancies in what they feel and think in regards to what they say and do and how they view themselves versus how they are truly viewed by others. Other times, individuals can be hampered in making true change or answering challenges because of unused strengths or resources (Egan, 2019, p. 194-197).
Other “Blind Spots” within the client preventing and hampering change can include various levels of unawareness. This can include being blind to one’s own talents and strengths seen by others but not perceived by the self. Some individuals may be unaware due to self deception itself, or choosing ignorance. Some individuals will avoid issues and problems because they simply would rather not know because the truth may be too terrifying. In helping clients challenge themselves to new behaviors, counselors can open clients to new areas of awareness with simple self questions.
What problem am I avoiding?
What opportunities am I ignoring?
What am I overlooking?
What do I refuse to see?
How am I being dishonest with myself?
(Egan, 2019, p. 204)
As the counselor, but also a coach, it is important to help clients identify these issues and understand why they are unable to move forward.
Helping Clients Identify These Issues and Healthy Challenging
Carl Rogers promoted a empathetic approach. In helping others face hard realities, a fact based empathetic approach is key. Showing patience and empathy and carefully presenting the issue with assertiveness but compassion is key in helping the client awaken to certain issues. Of course, timing, tone, and words all play a key role in helping the client become acceptive. The counselor cannot come across as afraid to address issues but not confrontational. Sometimes, certain words, may offset a client or labels, and the counselor will need to navigate why and how to discuss the issue. Also within this process, the counselor cannot simply give a set of directions but present options. Finally, again, the counselor needs to present the new awareness and challenge to the client without judgment but in a way that creates self awareness and pushes forward change.
Counselors help motivate clients to change through empathy and supplying the client with appropriate level challenges and options to meet
When discovering hindering blind spots and issues, the counselor needs to become a detective in some respects before he/she can truly become a coach. What is the client truly trying to say, or hinting at, or half saying (Egan, 2019, p.206)? Counselors need to help clients understand their implicit thoughts and words and make them become more explicit. In doing so, counselors can help clients understand themes in their stories, make connections with what may be missing and share educated hunches in feedback (Egan, 2019, p. 207-210). Counselors can through their hunches, help clients see the bigger picture, dig deeper in the story, draw conclusions, open up more, see overlooked aspects, or even own their own story (Egan, 2019, p. 210-211).
Of course how these opinions and disclosures are presented to the client are critical. They are part of the art of counseling and also the product of good coaching. A good coach is able to present a deficiency in a player’s form or approach and help turn into change and better performance. This however involves not tearing down the player, but building the player up and giving the player the tools necessary to improve. As an teacher and encourager, a coach is able to transform the problem and help the player have success on the field. Likewise, an counselor needs to be able to coach his/her client through approaching a weakness and being able to challenge the person to overcome it and make it a strength in the field of life. Strength Based Therapies as proposed by Pattoni, (2012) help clients label their strengths and identify them and utilize them in variety of goal setting environments. The process looks to expand hope but also create autonomy in facing issues.
When providing factful information and options to a client, a counselor needs to remain empathetic and tactful in delivering the news. Some news can be shocking to a client and the client may need time or understanding in the process (Egan, 2019, p. 213). Hence Egan recommends sometimes sharing one’s disclosures and challenges, but he recommends it to be used with caution. He recommends being sure to use it sparingly, appropriately and culturally aware. Timing can be key. One does not wish to have one’s own disclosure to become a distraction (2019, p.215).
As a counselor and coach, how one gives suggestions and recommendations for better improvements are critical. Inspired first with empathy and secondly aware of internal issues of the client, a counselor needs to approach and challenge the client without confronting but at the same time presenting clear and factual options to promote change. These challenges are not easy, so like a good coach, a counselor needs to find ways to provide encouragement during the change process. Counselors should invite clients to challenge themselves and help them identify specific challenges that will make the best changes. Like a sports coach, while identifying any issue, the counselor needs to encourage and identify strengths to overcome a particular challenge. Furthermore, the challenge needs to be evaluated as not to be too intense to be self-demeaning to the client. Sometimes, success is built upon. So when identifying challenges, the counselor needs to present them in a fashion that leads to success (Egan, 2019, p. 220).
As a counselor-coach, a counselor identifies changes that are essential and helps the client identify change. Some clients are more resistant to change. In another blog, we discuss the Client Change Scale which lists the levels of difficulty for a client to accept change or implement it based on their stage. It is the counselor’s job to help the client see the necessity of change and help the client find it through encouragement and help. Some changes will be first order, or deal with the current situation, or others may be second order and more long term or permanent. This depends on the nature of the issue and the needs of the client. The counselor like a coach, helps the client implement goals, strategies and plans to implement the change. The counselor helps the client see his/her possible self, delve into creativity, and think differently (Egan, 2019, p. 315-318). In essence, the counselor helps the client see a better future, set goals to attain it and help them put it into action (Egan, 2019, p. 314).
Conclusion
Counselors are like coaches. They need to challenge their clients by identifying weaknesses and help clients overcome them with appropriate challenges. This involves active attending and responding to the client and understanding the inner challenges the client faces. The counselor then is able to better become a catalyst of change in the clients life with setting appropriate challenges to make the client a better person in the field of life.
Please also review AIHCP’s multiple counseling certifications in Grief Counseling, Christian Counseling, Life Coaching, Anger Management, Stress Management and Crisis Intervention Counseling
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification, as well as its Christian Counseling Certification. Other mental health certifications for both pastoral and clinical counselors, or those engaged in the Human Service Fields, include Stress Management, Life Coaching, Anger Management, and Crisis Intervention. The programs are online and self study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in any of these fields.
Reference
Egan, G. & Reese. R. (2019).”The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed). Cengage
Additional Resources
Sutton, J. (2022). “Motivation in Counseling: 9 Steps to Engage Your Clients”. Positive Psychology. Access here
Sutton, J. (2022). “How to Perform Strengths-Based Therapy and Counseling”. Positive Psychology. Access here
“The Skill of Challenge in Counselling”(2019). Counseling Tutor. Access here
Voitilainen, L. et, al. (2018). “Empathy, Challenge, and Psychophysiological Activation in Therapist–Client Interaction”. Front Psychol. 2018; 9: 530. National Library of Medicine. Access here
Hypnosis is becoming more common of a therapy for a variety of cases involving trauma, bad habits and phobias. Individuals may have poor understanding of what hypnosis is as it becomes more available. It is important for individuals to see how safe it is and how it can be utilized for mental and emotional health.
Clinical Hypnotherapy is a safe and productive way to deal with a multitude of minor mental and emotional issues. Please review AIHCP’s Clinical Hypnotherapy Certification
Trained professionals are the key and finding the right professional makes all the difference. The American College of Hypnotherapy trains qualified professionals to utilize hypnotherapy in a safe and productive way. Please review AIHCP’s Clinical Hypnotherapy Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. Also, please review the video below that looks into the safety of hypnotherapy.
In a world where the complexities of healthcare intersect with the intricacies of law, the role of a professional with a legal nurse certification becomes indispensable. This unique blend of nursing expertise and legal acumen allows for the translation of medical jargon into comprehensible, court-admissible documentation and expert opinions, particularly in cases of medical malpractice. The importance of such a role cannot be overstated, as it not only bridges two highly specialized domains but also contributes significantly to the administration of justice in healthcare-related legal disputes.
Legal Nurses are required to not only testify sometimes as an expert witness but to also prepare and draft reports on the case
Writing an expert witness opinion in legal nursing is a critical task that can significantly influence the outcomes of legal proceedings. Nursing expert witnesses play a vital role in interpreting medical facts, establishing standards of care, and providing unbiased opinions that assist the court in making informed decisions. This article will delve into the various aspects of writing an expert witness opinion in legal nursing, from understanding the role and qualifications of a nursing expert witness to the impact of their testimony on legal outcomes. Further, it will dissect the practicalities of stepping into the shoes of a legal nurse consultant, navigating through the challenges and rewards inherent to the profession, and ultimately how one can build a robust career within this domain.
Key Takeaways
Nursing expert witnesses must have the appropriate nursing education and clinical experience to provide credible testimony.
Expert witness reports should be clear, concise, and well-structured to effectively communicate the expert’s opinions.
Understanding the legal framework, including Rule 702, is essential for nursing expert witnesses to ensure their testimony is admissible.
Maintaining impartiality and adhering to ethical standards are crucial for the credibility of nursing expert witnesses.
Continuous education and professional development are vital for nursing expert witnesses to stay updated with legal and medical advancement
Exploring the Realm of Legal Nurse Consulting
Definition and Role
Legal nurse consultants are registered nurses who possess specialized training and knowledge, enabling them to provide expert consultation and analysis on medical issues within a legal context. They serve as vital liaisons between healthcare providers and legal professionals, assisting attorneys to navigate complex medical records, understand intricate medical procedures, and evaluate the merits of claims. These consultants review medical records, decipher medical terminologies, and analyze the chronology of events to identify potential deviations from accepted standards of care, thereby equipping attorneys with the necessary information to build strong cases.
Fields of Specialization
Legal nurse consultants can specialize in various fields such as medical malpractice, personal injury, workers’ compensation, and more. Each specialization demands a deep understanding of specific medical guidelines and practices. For instance, those specializing in medical malpractice focus on identifying negligence or substandard care by reviewing medical records. Similarly, consultants working on personal injury cases provide insights into the medical aspects of injuries caused by accidents or negligence. Their expertise is crucial in assessing the standard of care provided and determining whether there has been a deviation from this standard.
The Intersection of Healthcare and Law
Legal nurse consultants play an integral role at the intersection of medicine and law, providing attorneys with invaluable expertise that can significantly impact the outcome of a case. Their ability to dissect medical records, identify deviations from accepted standards of care, and effectively communicate complex medical concepts makes them essential assets in medical-related litigation. By collaborating with legal nurse consultants, attorneys can navigate the intricacies of medical issues and enhance their chances of achieving favorable claims outcomes. Moreover, these consultants stay updated with the latest advancements in both medicine and law to ensure they provide the most current and relevant advice.
The Art of Drafting Legal Nurse Consultant Reports
Defining the Nursing Expert Witness
An expert witness is someone who, because of their education, experience, or a combination of both, has knowledge that can inform decision-makers about nursing practice standards. The most common use of expert testimony in a nursing or medical negligence case is to establish what the reasonable standards are in the circumstances and whether the nursing care provided met those standards. Mastering the art of effective communication is paramount for an expert witness.
An expert witness must have some form of specialized knowledge and experience beyond that of the court in order to assist the court in coming to a proper understanding of the evidence. Nurses’ and doctors’ professional training, skill, and experience make them ideal expert witnesses to assist in applying the art and science of their practice to the facts the court must decide. Most jurors have a limited understanding of both areas.
An expert witness may come from a nurse defendant’s own state or may come from another jurisdiction. Generally, an expert witness is an individual who by training, education, and/or experience is determined to be qualified by a court as able to assist the jury in understanding health care and the role of health care providers, and are from the same profession (e.g., nursing).
Federal Rule 702 is a cornerstone in the legal framework governing expert witness testimony. This rule mandates that the expert witness’ scientific and specialized knowledge must assist the trier of fact in understanding the evidence or determining a fact in issue. Furthermore, the testimony must be based on sufficient facts and data, and it must reflect a proper application of reliable principles and methods.
Writing the Report
Reports are a key part of the process of legal nurse consulting. Writing concise and accurate reports for a client are sometimes the only required job for a particular case
When drafting legal nurse consultant reports, it is imperative to recognize the dual audience that the report will address: the client (typically an attorney) and potentially their client as well. This awareness shapes the content and tone of the report, ensuring that information is delivered with clarity and professionalism. Legal nurse consultants must tailor their reports to meet the specific needs of these audiences, which may vary significantly based on the legal context and the medical specifics of the case. For instance, younger attorneys or those in smaller law firms might require more detailed explanations due to their limited access to medical expertise.
The effective legal nurse consultant report balances hard facts with a necessary degree of empathy. Empathy enhances the readability and relatability of the report, making complex medical information more accessible. However, too much empathy might risk the objectivity required in legal proceedings. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain professional boundaries and ensure that empathy does not overshadow factual accuracy and relevance. The use of empathetic language should aim to clarify rather than confuse, assisting attorneys in understanding the patient’s perspective without compromising the report’s objective integrity.
After reviewing the case materials, the next step is to formulate your expert opinion. This involves analyzing the evidence and identifying key points that support your conclusions. Your opinion should be based on a thorough understanding of the medical facts and the applicable standards of care. It is important to present your findings clearly and convincingly, as they will be scrutinized during deposition and trial testimony.
A comprehensive nursing expert witness report begins with a detailed review of all relevant documents. This includes medical records, depositions, and any other pertinent materials. Listing these documents is crucial as it provides a foundation for the expert’s opinions and ensures transparency in the review process.
The next step involves summarizing the medical events in a clear and concise manner. This summary should include the sequence of events, treatments provided, and any deviations from standard procedures. A well-structured summary helps in presenting a coherent narrative of the case.
In this section, the expert witness must explain the applicable standards of care. This involves detailing what a reasonably prudent nurse would have done under similar circumstances. The explanation should be based on established guidelines and practices within the nursing profession.
A well-structured report is crucial for effectively presenting facts and opinions. Establish the key points early, and then return to them as you elaborate. It is easier for people to follow your structure if they know in advance what you plan to discuss. Follow a logical format for presenting the key points. Consistently refer back to and develop the points you have told the reader you’ll be sharing with them.
When presenting your expert opinion, it is essential to balance objectivity and advocacy. You are tasked with providing unbiased opinions based on the facts of the case and your professional expertise, rather than personal biases or opinions. This balance ensures that your testimony is credible and reliable. Anticipating and addressing potential counterarguments strengthens your report. By acknowledging and refuting opposing viewpoints, you demonstrate thoroughness and enhance the persuasiveness of your testimony. This approach not only prepares you for cross-examination but also reinforces the validity of your conclusions.
Delivering bad news in legal nurse consultant reports requires a sophisticated blend of honesty and tact. Reports should be straightforward yet considerate, acknowledging the potential impact of the news on the recipient. Techniques such as using softening phrases, expressing understanding, and anticipating defense positions can help mitigate the harshness of unfavorable findings. Moreover, legal nurse consultants should employ clear communication strategies, avoiding medical jargon and ensuring that the report is understandable to non-medical professionals. Structured frameworks and evidence-based practices should guide the assessment and reporting processes, ensuring that each conclusion is well-supported and justifiable.
In crafting these reports, the consultant’s role extends beyond mere information transmission; they facilitate a deeper understanding between the legal and healthcare domains, ensuring that each report contributes effectively to the resolution of the case.
Common Challenges Faced by Nursing Expert Witnesses
There are a variety of challenges a legal nurse can meet during a case
Dealing with Cross-Examination
One of the most intellectually stimulating yet daunting aspects of being a nursing expert witness is facing cross-examination. During this phase, the opposing counsel will scrutinize your qualifications, experience, and the basis of your opinions. The goal is to find inconsistencies or weaknesses in your testimony. To navigate this effectively, it is crucial to remain calm, composed, and confident in your expertise.
Maintaining Professional Credibility
Professional credibility is paramount for a nursing expert witness. Any hint of bias or lack of impartiality can severely undermine your testimony. It is essential to present your findings and opinions based on objective analysis and evidence. Consistently updating your knowledge and skills through continuing education can also help maintain your credibility.
Handling Ethical Dilemmas
Nursing expert witnesses often encounter ethical dilemmas, such as conflicts of interest or issues related to confidentiality. It is vital to adhere to ethical guidelines and standards to navigate these challenges effectively. Always disclose any potential conflicts of interest and ensure that patient confidentiality is maintained throughout the legal process.
The role of a nursing expert witness is both challenging and rewarding, requiring a balance of professional expertise and ethical integrity.
The Importance of Clear and Concise Communication
Clear and concise communication is paramount for a nursing expert witness. Effective communication ensures that complex medical concepts are accessible to attorneys, judges, and juries who may have limited medical knowledge. This not only aids in understanding but also enhances the credibility of the testimony.
Writing in Plain Language
When drafting reports or providing testimony, it is essential to use plain language. Avoiding medical jargon and technical terms helps in making the information more digestible. This approach ensures that the key points are understood by all parties involved, regardless of their medical background.
Avoiding Jargon and Technical Terms
To effectively and succinctly present their conclusions, nursing expert witnesses should steer clear of jargon and technical terms. Instead, they should focus on explaining medical concepts in a way that is easy to understand. This practice is crucial for maintaining clarity and ensuring that the testimony is comprehensible.
Ensuring Consistency and Clarity
Consistency and clarity are vital in both written and oral communications. Establishing key points early and revisiting them throughout the testimony helps in maintaining a logical flow. This method not only aids in comprehension but also reinforces the main arguments, making the testimony more persuasive.
Clear and concise communication is not just about simplifying language; it is about making complex information accessible and understandable to those without specialized knowledge.
Ethical Considerations for Nursing Expert Witnesses
Maintaining Impartiality
As a nursing expert witness, it is crucial to maintain impartiality throughout the legal process. Bias can undermine the credibility of your testimony and potentially affect the outcome of the case. It is essential to provide an objective analysis based on the facts and standards of care, without letting personal opinions or external pressures influence your judgment.
Confidentiality and Privacy Concerns
Nursing expert witnesses must adhere to strict confidentiality and privacy standards. This includes safeguarding patient information and ensuring that any sensitive data reviewed during the case is handled with the utmost care. Breaching confidentiality can have serious legal and ethical repercussions.
Conflict of Interest
Avoiding conflicts of interest is paramount for maintaining professional integrity. Before accepting a case, thoroughly evaluate any potential conflicts that may arise from your professional relationships or personal interests. Navigating ethical considerations effectively ensures that your testimony remains credible and unbiased.
Ethical considerations are fundamental to the role of a nursing expert witness, as they uphold the integrity and trustworthiness of the legal process.
Stepping into the Shoes of a Legal Nurse Consultant
A Day in the Life
Legal nurse consultants begin their day by reviewing medical records and preparing for consultations with attorneys. They analyze these documents to identify discrepancies and summarize key information for legal teams. Throughout the day, legal nurse consultants may engage in various tasks such as conducting client interviews, preparing testimony, and attending medical examinations. Their role requires them to communicate effectively with both legal and healthcare professionals, ensuring that all parties have a clear understanding of the medical aspects involved in a case.
Case Studies: Successes and Challenges
Legal nurse consultants often reflect on memorable cases that highlight both their successes and the challenges they face. For instance, one consultant discussed leveraging their nursing experience to educate an attorney on the merits of a case, which played a crucial role in achieving a favorable outcome. These case studies exemplify how legal nurse consultants apply their expertise to bridge the gap between healthcare and law, providing critical insights that influence the direction and results of legal proceedings.
Successful Nursing Expert Witness Reports
In a personal injury case, a legal nurse consultant was instrumental in evaluating the extent of the plaintiff’s injuries. Through a comprehensive review of medical records, the consultant identified additional underlying conditions that exacerbated the plaintiff’s injuries. This information allowed the legal team to pursue additional claims for damages, resulting in a significantly higher settlement for the client.
Lessons Learned from Courtroom Testimonies
One notable lesson from courtroom testimonies is the importance of clear and concise communication. Nursing expert witnesses must present their findings in a manner that is easily understood by the jury. This involves avoiding medical jargon and explaining complex medical terms in plain language. Additionally, maintaining professional credibility is crucial, as any perceived bias can undermine the expert’s testimony.
Analyzing Notable Cases
A notable expert witness case study involved a dispute concerning cattle slaughter, which occurred in the early 1990s on Victorian land. The nursing expert witness provided critical insights into the standard of care and the medical implications of the case, which were pivotal in reaching a resolution. This case highlights the diverse range of scenarios where nursing expert witnesses can provide valuable testimony.
The role of a nursing expert witness is not limited to medical malpractice cases; their expertise can be crucial in a variety of legal contexts, from personal injury to product liability cases.
Continuing Education and Professional Development
Transitioning from Clinical Nursing
The transition from clinical nursing to legal nurse consulting involves acquiring specialized knowledge and skills. Legal nurse consultants must understand legal principles and processes, which requires comprehensive training in legal research, case analysis, and medical-legal ethics. This transition also demands a shift in perspective from direct patient care to analyzing broader healthcare practices and outcomes as they relate to legal standards and claims.
In sum, stepping into the shoes of a legal nurse consultant involves a dynamic and challenging blend of medical and legal expertise. These professionals play a pivotal role in the legal system by providing essential insights into medical practices and patient care, which are critical to resolving complex legal cases.
Building Your Career as a Legal Nurse Consultant
Essential Skills and Qualifications
Legal nurse consultants are integral to bridging the gap between healthcare and law, utilizing their deep understanding of medical procedures and legal expertise to assist in litigation. To excel in this role, one must have a comprehensive knowledge of medical terminology and standards of care, coupled with the ability to perform detailed case analysis and communicate complex medical concepts clearly to non-medical professionals. A strong foundation in nursing, typically supported by a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree, is crucial, although not strictly necessary for all positions. Importantly, licensure as a Registered Nurse is required, and additional certification in legal nurse consulting can significantly enhance credibility and marketability in this competitive field.
Training and Certification Programs
Aspiring legal nurse consultants can gain the necessary skills through specialized training programs that cover a range of relevant topics. These programs typically include medical record analysis, legal terminology, and an understanding of healthcare laws and regulations, all crucial for effective practice in the field. The quality of these programs is often reflected in their ability to provide real-world case studies and comprehensive contact hours, which prepare students for practical application of their knowledge. Certification, while not mandatory, is highly recommended as it validates expertise and dedication to the profession. It also requires ongoing education to stay current with the latest developments in both healthcare and legal fields.
Marketing Your Services and Growing Your Network
Effective marketing is essential for legal nurse consultants to establish and grow their practice. This includes understanding that you’re not just offering a service but also marketing your expertise every time you interact with potential or existing clients. Successful consultants use various marketing strategies, such as networking, maintaining a strong online presence, and leveraging social media platforms like LinkedIn to connect with the legal community. Regularly updating profiles and engaging with content on these platforms can significantly enhance visibility and attract new clients. Additionally, it’s important to focus on building relationships with attorney-clients, as referrals and repeat business are crucial for long-term success in the field.
Conclusion
Please also review AIHCP’s Legal Nurse Consulting Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals
Throughout this exploration of the legal nurse consulting field, we’ve journeyed from the foundational pillars that define its necessity within the legal and healthcare sectors to the intricate details of building a successful career in this niche. The union of medical insight and legal acumen positions legal nurse consultants as invaluable assets in navigating the complexities of healthcare-related legal cases. Their expertise not only fortifies the legal process but also ensures that justice is served with an understanding of the nuances of patient care and medical standards.
Looking ahead, the significance of legal nurse consultants continues to grow as the healthcare industry evolves and legal disputes become more intricate. The capacity of these professionals to bridge the gap between two distinctly specialized fields underscores a broader implication for the legal system and patient advocacy alike. By fostering a deeper comprehension of medical facts within a legal framework, legal nurse consultants not only aid in the resolution of current cases but also pave the way for a future where the synthesis of healthcare knowledge and legal practice is seamlessly integrated.
Please also review AIHCP and the American College of Legal Nurse Consulting’s, Legal Nurse Consulting Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified nurses looking to enter into the field of Legal Nursing.
FAQs
What distinguishes a CLNC from an LNCC?
The Certified Legal Nurse Consultant (CLNC) and the Legal Nurse Consultant Certified (LNCC) differ primarily in accreditation and recognition. The LNCC is the only certification recognized by the American Association of Legal Nurse Consultants (AALNC) and is also the only designation nationally accredited by the American Board of Nursing Specialists.
What are the benefits of becoming a legal nurse consultant?
Becoming a legal nurse consultant offers several advantages, particularly for nurses looking to manage their own business. Most legal nurse consultants (LNCs) operate as independent contractors, which allows them the flexibility to set their own schedules and select their clientele. Additionally, many newer and mid-career LNCs often find opportunities working as subcontractors for larger firms or agencies.
Can you share an interesting fact about the role of a legal nurse consultant?
Legal nurse consultants play a crucial role in the legal field by performing several key responsibilities. These include reviewing and analyzing medical records, providing professional judgments on medical cases, advising attorneys on healthcare-related cases, educating legal professionals on nursing standards of care, and serving as expert witnesses during trials.
How does a nurse paralegal differ from a legal nurse consultant?
Nurse paralegals and legal nurse consultants both work within the legal sector but in slightly different capacities. Nurse paralegals typically work for law firms that specialize in malpractice or for general counsel offices within healthcare institutions. In contrast, legal nurse consultants may offer advice, serve as witnesses, and even speak in court on a variety of legal medical matters.
What is the role of a nursing expert witness?
A nursing expert witness provides an opinion on nursing care standards and practices in legal cases. They testify on whether the care provided met the accepted standards.
How should a nursing expert witness report be structured?
A nursing expert witness report should include a list of reviewed documents, a summary of medical events, an explanation of the standard of care, and a summary of opinions.
What are the legal responsibilities of a nursing expert witness?
A nursing expert witness must provide truthful, unbiased testimony, maintain confidentiality, and adhere to legal standards such as Rule 702 governing expert witness testimony.
How can a nursing expert witness prepare for a case?
Preparation involves initial considerations and retainer agreements, reviewing case materials thoroughly, and formulating expert opinions based on the evidence.
What challenges might a nursing expert witness face?
Common challenges include dealing with cross-examination, maintaining professional credibility, and handling ethical dilemmas.
Why is clear and concise communication important for nursing expert witnesses?
Clear and concise communication ensures that complex medical information is understandable to non-medical professionals, including judges and juries, which is crucial for effective testimony.
What ethical considerations must nursing expert witnesses keep in mind?
Additional Resources
Jibril, F. (2022). “The Medical Expert Witness Litigation Guide”. Expert Institute. Access here
Evans, J. (2017). “Drafting Expert Witness Reports: Pitfalls and Best Practices”. Expert Institute. Access here
Mangraviti, J. et. al. (2014). “HOW TO DRAFT A POWERFUL, PERSUASIVE, AND UNDERSTANDABLE EXPERT WITNESS REPORT”. Access here
A driving force in recent years is a more counselor awareness of multicultural differences between people. As the world becomes smaller and more and more different ethnic and religious communities interact, the reality that individuals with very different views is becoming more and more common. Simply through social media, the interaction between different individuals with diverse backgrounds has increased over the years. Counselors also are coming into more contact with others of different beliefs and cultures and it is important for counselors to understand cultural issues within a client and how that affects the counseling process. How a particular person from one culture versus another culture can vary greatly how various emotions such as grief are displayed, or how certain emotions are seen as positive and negative. When working with a client, a counselor needs to be able to understand these differences. The counselor will also need to understand other sensitive issues that exist for a particular client that is tied to his/her culture or background. This involves many investigative and interviewing steps to have a full grasp of the client.
Multicultural Competence
When counseling, counselors need to be aware of cultural differences between themselves and clients
Many are sometimes rigid to ideas of multicultural issues and may see it as merely another “woke” agenda but this is farther from the truth. Multicultural competence is imperative to social skills, especially for counselors. It helps counselors better understand different clients to maximize helping and minimize harm. According to Ivey, it is ethically imperative that counselors become more multicultural competent in their care of clients (2018, p. 51). Hence any hesitancy by counselors to remain close minded to cultural realities is something contrary to the very nature of helping others. There are extremely important things to consider when helping others with different backgrounds and they play key roles in the therapeutic process.
Ivey lists the “RESPECTFUL” model which highlights key dimensions within a human person. Each letter of respectful correlates with something unique about ourselves as well as others. When looking at the counselor and client, it is important to identify not only the client within this model, but also the counselor and how the differences between the two could possibly manifest and side track the counseling process. We will briefly look at this model.
R= Religious or spiritual background. Obviously someone who is Christian would differ greatly from someone who is Hindu, or someone who is religious versus someone who is secular.
E= Economic and social background. A more wealthy counselor may have issues identifying with an individual with far less income and wealth.
S= Sexual Identity. Individuals who are heterosexual or homosexual have very different stories to tell in regards of acceptance within society
P= Personal Style and Education. Different levels of education can cause differences in how well communication and conversation is achieved.
E= Ethnic and Racial Identity. Different cultures and races have different experiences with situations. Sometimes counselor and client are two differently culturally and racial people
C= Chronological/Life Span. Depending on one’s age, the outlook on a particular situation can differ greatly.
T= Trauma. An individual based on their situation or culture may inherit various different levels of inherent trauma
F= Family background and History. A person’s upbringing can play a key role in his/her development. A person raised in a two parent home versus a one parent home
U= Unique Physical Characteristics. A person with various disabilities has a unique set of challenges.
L=Location and Language. A person’s land or origin, or where a person resides or the language a person speaks can all create unique difficulties
(Ivey, 2018, p. 33)
These types of differences all point to unique challenges a counselor may encounter with a particular client. When counseling, different cultural expressions can emerge in how one expresses or speaks or means a certain phrase. Hence it is important to be aware of the RESPECTFUL model and see how each element can possibly apply to a client
Soul Wounds
Different races, cultures and people face historical traumas and what is referred to as “soul wounds”
Different cultures experience different griefs or collective wounds that an individual has inherited. This can be referred to as social grief, but also according to Ivey, as “soul wounds” (2018., p.52), Historical trauma can play a key role in how an individual living in the present experiences the world and interacts with it. African American clients can experience quite a different situation from day to day interaction with others than White Americans. A simple traffic stop can have a greater traumatic effect due to racial profiling, police brutality, and social injustice. In addition, African Americans suffer the tragic legacy of slavery within their history. Following slavery, unjust and unequal economic restrictions prevented many African Americans from accumulating wealth leading to current poverty levels for many of them. These types of issues and a host of other microaggressions greatly affect African American clients.
Simple prejudice can also exist at the microlevel that many individuals do not notice. Microaggressions based on mere differences of culture and skin color exist within the world. Whether unintended or intended, these aggressions add up over time. Individuals face prejudices, looks, stares, or unkind words or opinions that can build up within them over time (Ivey, 2018, p. 52). In most cases, although, microaggressions are not intended to be harmful, they still can cause great harm and trigger the other party.
So whether it is the African American community, or the Native American community, or the LGBTQ community, various slights and soul wounds exist within their communities that affect them. Understanding these wounds and the importance of recognizing this diversity is critical in any type of counseling.
Counselor World View
Believe it or not, the counselor brings with him/herself a variety of inherent bias and world views that he/she must be aware of and attempt to filter out when counseling. Awareness of one’s own background is as key as awareness of the client’s background (Ivey, 2018, p. 52). Within this, a counselor of a particular background must be aware of his/her own beliefs and background but also how he/she appears before the client. A white male counselor may initially cause some distance between a black female client. The issue of creating trust and understanding may take longer. In this case, privilege and image play a key role. A young counselor may find struggles counseling an older client, so minimizing the status of oneself or the privileges associated with oneself can play a key role in a healthy counselor/client relationship. Unfortunately, sometimes, counselors and clients do not match, and through no fault of either, another fit may be best. Do not feel horrible if this is the case because in many cases the perception of the client regarding the counselor is key.
The client hence needs to show cultural sensitivity to race, religion, age, gender, sexuality or culture of the individual. This involves using political correct terminology (Ivey, 2018, p. 52). The counseling session should not include language that is non-inclusive that already exists in the outside world and causes distress to the client. The counseling should be professional and void of damaging language. In addition, the counselor must be extra careful in how he/she presents himself to different individuals with different backgrounds that may cause distress, either through posture, facial expressions, or words. The counselor also needs to be mindful of his/her own beliefs and maintain a neutral setting with those of extremely different views. The counselor should do his/her very best to be inclusive and open minded in listening and discussing issues that are different than his/her own religious or even moral beliefs. If bias exists, then it needs to be dismissed. A client can never be dismissed or set to the side due to cultural or moral differences. This goes against all ethical standards of counseling. If cultural differences are so great and there is no benefit in the counseling, usually the client will sense it, but if not, a counselor can help the client find a counselor that better matches the client’s needs, but again, this must be done with sensitivity, care and mutual agreement.
Conclusion
Ultimately it is the counselors job to be multicultural competent. Some counselors may be less open to this type of training but to better serve the client and cause no harm it is absolutely essential that counselors become multicultural competent.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling and Christian Counseling certification programs and see if they meet your academic and professional goals
Counselors need to be aware of different backgrounds through the RESPECTFUL MODEL, be aware of soul wounds of a particular culture and also be aware of their own beliefs and values. The counselor needs to remain neutral but educated on different backgrounds. This is not only important ethically but it also permits the counselor to better understand how different people experience the world and how they communicate it. In addition, a counselor needs to be aware of his/her own values and appearance and how that translates to a potential client.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification, as well as its Christian Counseling Certification. AIHCP also offers a host of other mental health certifications for clergy, pastoral and clinical counselors, social workers and any individuals within the Human Service fields in Crisis Intervention, Stress Management and also Anger Management. All of the programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.
Also for members of AIHCP with existing Grief Counseling Certifications, please review AIHCP’s Grief Diversity Counseling Program which focuses on such issues of grief and diversity within different cultural groups.
Reference
Ivey, A. et. al. (2018). “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed.) Cengage
Additional Resources
Seales, J., (2022). “Cultural Competence in Therapy: What It Is and How to Find It”. PsychCentral. Access here
Farook, M. “The State of Multicultural Counseling Competencies Research”. Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy. Access here
Gillson, S. & Ross, A. (2019). “From Generation to Generation: Rethinking “Soul Wounds” and Historical Trauma”. Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 1; 86(7): e19–e20. National Library of Medicine. Acces here
Berns-Zare, I. (2021). “6 Ways to Build Multicultural Competence and Combat Racism”. Psychology Today. Access here
Dissociation is a serious condition resulting from PTSD. When triggers of past trauma arise, the mind tries to shut the body down through dissociation. Sometimes it is through a flashback, or a disconnect from reality. These situations while in public or driving can cause injury to the person. So it is important to understand what triggers it and how to ground oneself when dissociation occurs.
PTSD can cause dissociation when certain triggers are pulled.
Please also review AIHCP’s numerous mental health certifications which include grief counseling, crisis intervention, spiritual and Christian spiritual counseling, stress management and anger management programs. The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.
In the previous blog, we discussed listening skills and observing skills of the client. Good listening and observation set the stage for proper responses. In this blog, we will shortly review core concepts in turning listening into positive and productive counselor responses that help the client through the counseling process. Attending skills are essential in any type of counseling, especially grief counseling. When these basic skills are absent, the client can feel neglected or misunderstood. Good grief counselors, whether licensed clinical counselors or non-clinical counselors, are able to incorporate these skills to enhance the therapeutic nature of counseling and keep the client as an active and on going participant in his/her mental health. Bear in mind, good responses are not necessarily saying the most profound or theory correct statement, but the particular response that is best for the particular stage of counseling and needed comment. Sometimes the responses may be short or longer, statements or questions, informative or probing, but they all have a particular reason and are the tools of the trade in discovering issues and helping clients find better outcomes.
Identifying Emotions in Counseling
Grief Counselors need to identify emotions when preparing a response or prompt to help the client’s story proceed smoothly
In the last blog, we spoke about the vital importance of observation and how a grief counselor needs to identify verbal but as well as non-verbal cues in a client that can illustrate a particular issue or feeling. In formulating therapeutic responses, grief counselors and other counselors need to identify the particular emotion of an attending client. This involves identifying the words associated with the emotion, implicit and unspoken emotions, and any non-verbal cues of the emotion expressed (Ivey, 2018, p., 170). Based from the core universal feelings across cultures, a counselor should watch for sad, mad, glad and scared (Ivey, 2018. p., 171). These are root words for all emotions and a grief counselor can build from these words to more complex emotions.
It is crucial to employ empathetic responses. Like the previous blog, which emphasized empathetic listening, again, the word empathy appears in counseling. The grave importance of empathy allows the counselor to become involved in the client’s state of being in a true and understanding way that helps the counselor produce productive and positive change. Empathetic responses help the client feel understood and not judged, or admonished. Hence, responses to emotions need to be empathetic and caring in nature. Egan reports three important types of empathy in responding from the work of Arthur Clark. He first lists subjective empathy, which puts the counselor literally in the client’s life and helps the counselor understand the emotional state of the client. Second, he lists the term objective empathy which ties to the studies of the counselor and the counselor’s own personal experience in counseling. Tying these together is a third type of empathy referred to as interpersonal empathy, which ties together the client’s feelings and the way the counselor is able to communicate it as well as any needed information (Egan, 2019, p. 132-133).
Interpersonal empathy involves the ability to perceive the issues, the know how to state it and the assertiveness when to input it (Egan, 2019, p. 134-137). Grief Counselors need to perceive the emotion on display, the ability to articulate it and the assertiveness to sometimes address it when uncomfortable. It is important to report what is said back with empathetic accuracy (Egan, 2019., p. 137). Ivey also emphasizes the importance of accuracy in naming particular emotions. He points out that counselors should use the words to describe the emotion by the client and also attempt to articulate the emotion with name and when only seen non-verbally as close as possible to what the client is experiencing (2018, p. 171). Egan continues that is important when naming emotions to remain sensitive when naming them, as well as to not over-emphasize or under emphasize them. He also encourages counselors to be aware of cultural sensitivities as well when naming particular emotions (2019, p. 139-142).
Prompts in Counseling
Some clients may speak openly about issues of loss, trauma or everyday issues. They are a flood of information. Other clients may be more shy, untrusting, or quiet in how they detail their issues. Obviously, building trust is key within the therapeutic relationship and plays a large role in receiving vital information during the listening phases. However, sometimes it takes various prompts, nudges, or encouragements to help a client discuss difficult issues. The art of counseling involves keeping a steady dialogue and flow between client and counselor and this falls upon the counselor’s shoulders to ensure this productive process. According to Egan, probes are extremely beneficial in helping clients engage more fully, especially with more reluctant clients, in identifying experiences, feelings and behaviors. They further help clients open to other areas of discussion and engage in conversation with more clarity and specifics. They can also help clients remain on target and on important issues (2019, p. 177).
There are a variety of ways to help a client continue the story through prompts such as paraphrasing, summarizing, or open ended questioning
Some encouragers can be as simple as “uh huh” or a simple phrase of understanding which serves as a bridge for the client to continue speaking (Ivey, 2018, p. 148). Sometimes, as simple, as saying “I see” or “okay” or “please continue” are strong enough phrases to encourage the client to continue the story. Sometimes the counselor can merely restate the emotion in a particular tone expressed by a client which further facilitates further discussion. These simple prods can break silence and encourage the client to continue with the story. Others can be simple non verbal movements, as a nod of the head, a particular look or leaning forward (Egan, 2019, p.161). Prompts, probes or nudges can also take the form in longer responses. Counselors can make statements, requests, or ask particular types of questions to better understand the story and also to properly push it forward.
Questions in particular have high value in counseling. They help the counselor not only understand and clarify points, but they also show the client a sincere interest on the part of the counselor and sometimes can push the client to delve deeper into an issue and find more self discovery. Questioning, however, for the pure purpose of questioning can be counter-productive and make the client feel they are being interrogated, so questions need to be utilized sparingly and effectively (Egan, 2019, p. 163). Ivey points out that there are types of questions that are open and closed (2018, p. 124). Both have their purpose and time but need to be utilized properly in order for the question to be effective. Open ended questions, as a rule, should be utilized most. These types of questions do not end with a simple response of “yes” or “no” by the client but look to abstract more information and input from the client. According to Ivey, most open questions begin with the words “how”, “what”, “where”, “when” or “could” (2018, p. 124). Close ended questions look for a particular concise answer and have value but usually are used when the counselor is looking for a particular answer while the counselor is primarily talking during the session. Another great question is the “what else question”. This question looks for any additive elements to the story or if the counselor is missing anything (Ivey, 2018, p. 125). Remember, if the counselor does not understand something, then questions or statement looking for greater clarity are better than pretending to understand.
Another important prompt involves paraphrasing. Paraphrasing is a useful tool utilized in responses by counselors to help keep the conversation going or to help the client hear reflectively what the client has stated. Sometimes the mere power of hearing something back has immense value. When a counselor paraphrases, the counselor usually states the emotion in a sentence and then concludes with a “because” phrase. For instance, a counselor may paraphrase to a depressed client by stating, “you are depressed because you no longer feel any energy”. This paraphrase can illicit additional information or continue the conversation, much in the same fashion as a simple nod, or phrase. Ivey points out that paraphrasing is not repetition but also adding some of the counselor’s own words (2018,p. 148). It is important to note that when paraphrasing, if something is worded incorrectly, the counselor should apologize and ask for deeper clarification. Sometimes, hearing certain things back can trigger an individual, or if worded differently, and the client is not ready to hear the interpretation, the client may respond quickly, or begin to close up. Cultural issues can sometimes play a key in this.
Finally, Summaries are a critical promoting tool in responding to a client. Summaries are more detailed paraphrases that adds more depth to the conversation. They are usually utilized to begin an interview to help bridge the previous meeting, or to conclude a meeting, but they have other purposes as well during the session (Ivey, 2018, p. 148). Egan points out that sometimes a more detailed summary can help during a session when the discussion is not going anywhere. They can also be utilized to help the client see a new perspective (2019, p. 178-179). A counselor utilizing a summary for purposes of illustrating a new perspective can state “I’d like to get the bigger picture… or “I’d like to put a few things together” (Egan, 2019, p. 179). According to Egan, it is also important to help clients create summaries. The counselor can ask the client to put together the major points or concerns of the issue and to articulate them Egan, 2019, p. 180).
Carl Rogers saw the importance of these ways to respond. In this Basic Listening Sequence BLS, he saw the skills of the counselor in how he/she responds to be most crucial. The utilization of open/closed questions, encouraging, reflecting feelings, paraphrasing and summarizing were all critical elements in the empathetic relationship and understanding the story (Ivey, 2019,p.194).
Pitfalls to Avoid When Responding
Responses while helpful can also be detrimental when not properly utilized by the counselor during a session. A counselor needs to avoid certain responses that derail the process or make the client uncomfortable. Not responding or asking too many questions are two extremes to avoid. Not responding can remove merit from a statement or display disinterest to the conversation. While sometimes silence can be powerful, not saying anything or responding is usually non productive to the counseling session (Egan, 2019.p. 155). It is also a dis-service merely to respond for the sole purpose of it. Counselors should avoid parroting or repeating without context Parroting dismisses any empathetic response (Egan, 2019, P. 156)
Counselors need to avoid distracting questions when working with clients
In addition to not responding, some counselors misuse questioning. They can either over utilize it and make the session appear as an interrogation, or ask distracting questions that inflame rather than heal. For instance, instead of responding with empathy, some counselors can ask inflaming and distracting questions that upset the client. Instead of focusing on the client’s feelings, the question looks at how the client may have responded. “Did you confront him” or ” Did you do anything at all” or “Are you positive you cannot resolve this” (Egan, 2019., p. 155). These questions again distract from the story and the emotion and can cause irritation in the client as he/she focuses on a personal injustice or slight.
Cliches are another responses that should be avoided. In grief counseling, cliches are counter-productive. In general counseling, they are also counter-productive. Cliches can minimize the conversation and cheapen it. They attempt to replace understanding and empathy with a more generic and impersonal response (Egan, 2019, p. 155). Clients can hear cliches from the next door neighbor, they do not need to hear them from trained professionals that are their to help assist them in resolving issues.
Another pitfall is how counselors advise clients. In the counselor-client model, most people expect advise from a counselor. Other cultures may demand it. However, in counseling, the counselor does not exist to advice a course of action, but presents a host of options for the client to choose. The client is in control and the counseling relationship is one of teamwork and collaboration. When the client is told what to do, then the counseling relationship strips the client of self discovery and self healing. The client is not looking for a family member to give un-wanted advice, but a set of options. Instead of saying what to do, instead utilize “if I was in your situation, here are a few options that I might look into” (Egan, 2019, 156).
Interpretations based on theories and models are also tempting responses that have a time and place but usually not in responses. A counselor may have a wealth of knowledge to share, but when interpretations and labeling of an client’s state of mind overtake empathetic responses, then the process of counseling can become derailed. Instead of giving a moralistic interpretation based on past study, respond to the client’s feelings (Egan, 2019. p. 155).
Counselors need to be also honest in their responses to a client. Pretending to respond with ingenuine “Uh huh” or “Ok” can lead to later issues when the counselor is expected to remember or understand something previously stated by the client. Hence if, one loses sight, or track of a story, it is far better not to pretend to understand but to ask for clarification. This is not only polite and professional but it also shows genuine interest and also pushes the client to better explain the issue which alone may be beneficial (Egan, 2019, p. 157).
Finally, a counselor’s response should not be sympathetic and agreeing for the sake of being so. Empathy is far different than sympathy. Many times sympathy can drown logic and allow one to lose focus on the facts. An empathetic counselor while caring remains grounded. The counselor response is not overtly sympathetic or judgmental but one that addresses emotion and the issue in a caring way. The client is looking for help beyond a shoulder to cry on (Egan, 2019, p. 157).
Conclusion
A grief counselor’s response to a client is key in helping the client tell the story. The response is tied to good observation of the client’s emotions. Good responses are helpful in transitioning the story, moving it forward, but also in in proper feedback about the story. Empathy is the guiding force in responding. Grief Counselors can utilize nudges or prompts with verbal and non-verbal responses. Some verbal responses can be one word or a phrase, while some may include paraphrasing or summaries. Good counselors utilize responses like an artist and interweave them throughout the counseling process.
Please review AIHCP’s multiple mental health certifications including Grief Counseling and Christian Counseling
Please also review AIHCP’s numerous mental health certifications that involve counseling skills. AIHCP offers a Grief Counseling Certification, as well as a Christian Counseling Certification. Other topics include crisis counseling, stress management and anger management. All of the programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.
References
Egan, G & Reese. R. (2019). “The Skilled Helper: A Problem-Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed). Cengage
Ivey, A. et, al. (2019). “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development6 in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed.) Cengage
Additional Resources
Bennett, T. “Empathic responding (or active listening) in counseling: A basic, yet essential response for counselors to master in their practice”. Thriveworks. Access here
Sutton, J. (2022). “Communication Skills in Counseling & Therapy: 17 Techniques”. Positive Psychology. Access here
“ENCOURAGERS, PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARISING”. Counseling Connection. Access here
“What Are The Benefits Of Paraphrasing In Counseling”. Processing Therapy. Access here
Helping individuals from one point of need to the final point of self resilience and healing is the process of counseling itself, however, many times counselors helping others with grief, issues of loss, or problems in life become loss in the process. Maintaining a sense of direction when helping is key. While there is a partnership in the counseling relationship, the counselor still nonetheless is the guider within the partnership. The counselor directs the process and guides it to its eventual end point. Whatever counseling philosophy or model one incorporates, it is still essential to have a template of how to help resolve a particular issue. Problem Management is a key arrow and guiding modality to help counselors and clients stay on track and have a sense of direction. It is essentially the compass or navigation control in the counseling session. Good counselors understand its use and properly utilize it during counseling. In this short blog, we will review its essential nature in counseling and how to properly incorporate it with a client.
We will also note how Problem Management lays the foundation and structure for a counseling session and compare it to the 5 Stage Model of Carl Rogers.
Counselors help clients identify problems, offer solutions, and incorporate goals and ways to achieve them
Problem Management: Four Questions
When a client attends counseling, he/she is looking for guidance in a particular struggle. Whether it is more complex trauma or loss, or instead a simpler issue revolving around a decision to find a job or not, clients are seeking guidance. While the clients ultimately determine the outcome, they seek guidance with options and how to accomplish a given thing. Counselors can help guide clients through Problem Management and its four questions. The process involves the current picture, preferred picture, a way forward and action itself.
First, the counselor will ask questions about the current problem and current picture.. According to Egan, one should ask a client, what his/her issues or concerns pertain to (2019, p. 45)? Within this first stage of helping the client, the counselor can help the client discover and identify the issue. The first task involves the story itself. What is the primary problem and main concerns (Egan, 2019, p. 48)? When discussing the story, the counselor should help the client possibly see new perspectives to the problem and what may be really going on beyond the client’s initial story. Finally, the counselor should be able to direct the client to the right story and what he/she should be working on. This process leads to first listening, but then helping the client identify beyond his/her perceptions and find the right story and the keys surrounding it (Egan, 2019, p. 48). For example, a person who is obese may discuss multiple issues revolving around self image and poor diet/health. Discussing the primary problem and identifying perceptions of self image and directing the person to the core of the problem is important. Leading the client to the right story and issue sometimes takes time, but is essential.
After helping the client identify the right issue at hand, the counselor needs to help the client look beyond the current picture and propose a preferred picture. The primary question should include what does a better picture look like? Within this phase, according to Egan, the counselor helps the client determine problem managing outcomes and set goals (2019, p. 48). What are the possibilities for a better outcome entail? What goals and outcomes are truly the most critical and important? Finally, what is the client willing to do to achieve these outcomes (2019, p.48). Ultimately, these better outcomes and preferred pictures involve effort. In this phase, again the example of the obese client will see a preferred picture of weight loss, better health and higher self esteem.
Following the preferred picture, the counselor looks to guide the client forward. The counseling sessions look to help the person move forward with a plan. The client and counselor should brain storm with possible ideas and strategies to resolve a particular issue. The counselor will help narrow down the best fit strategies for the particular client and then help the client organize a way to accomplish these goals (Egan, 2019, P. 48). In the case and example of the obese client, the counselor will discuss diet and exercise strategies and then see which particular strategies fit best with the client’s work and life schedule. The counselor will then help coordinate first steps and possible times to put things into action.
These three phases of identifying problems, seeking better outcomes and making plans all lead to a call to action. How well will this call to action being implemented depends on many subjective factors within the client.
Clients and Change
Human beings, despite perfect plans, usually fail to accomplish goals the first time. This requires patient and flexibility by the counselor to help facilitate lasting change and resiliency within the client
Counselors can only direct, they cannot force a client to change. Hence it is important to help facilitate change but not to expect perfection. Change takes time. Some clients may be more resilient to let downs, or more focused in accomplishing a task. It is important to expect a back and forth wavering between stages. Clients when they finally become aware of a problem enter into various phases to push forward in change. According to Egan, individuals looking for change after initial awareness of a problem, will still waver, until the awareness leads to a heightened level (2019, p. 56). This leads to preliminary actions and a search for remedies. Within this, individuals estimate costs and weigh those costs of a change. They soon turn to more rational decision that is not only rational but tied to emotional change. This leads to serious action. However, these actions still require maintenance and the reality that relapse can occur (Egan, 2019, p.57-58).
It is the counselors job to help nurture positive change and guide clients through pitfalls. Those facing addiction issues, or in our example, one facing weight loss challenges, will wish to change but may sometimes not be emotionally tied to the rational decision enough to take the serious action. Others may do well for a few months and not be able to maintain what is demanded, or worst, yet relapse into addiction, or fall off their diet. Counselors are there to help guide in those cases and foster resilience. This may involve returning to the Problem Management model at an earlier stage to again find grounding and direction.
This is why counselors must ever remain flexible in their approach. Somethings may work for one client but not another. Counselors need to constantly “mine” various approaches or counseling philosophies that will help a particular client (Egan, 2019, p. 58). The counselor then organizes what works best, evaluates it and incorporates it into the various phases of the Problem Management Model (2019, p, 58-59)
Pitfalls to Avoid in Problem Management
When helping clients identify issues, outcomes and plans of action, there are some pitfalls that counselors need to avoid. Counselors need to avoid a lack of plan in their work. Some helpers go session by session without a uniform plan set into play. Others on the contrary attempt to implement to many plans at once. While there are many good models, not all models fit for a particular person, so each model and stage of helping, needs to be tailored to the individual client. Avoiding rigidness and being flexible in approach is key with an understanding that one can go back and forth between stages. It is also important to include the client in the process. Since counseling is a partnership, then it is essential to share the helping models with the client. This is an element of psycho-educational healing. A client who is part of the process understands the points of reference and can better track oneself in the healing and change process (Egan, 2019, p. 60-61). Finally, while important as it is to utilize flexibility, a good counselor can recognize lack of progress on part of the client and when to help the client push forward (Egan, 2019, p52).
Hence the process while simple in theory is more difficult when people become involved. People are complex and no one person is the same. This leads to the need of flexibility, testing and feedback, and trying other things within the parameters of the Problem Management model. Some clients may process the issue quicker, others may take longer. Some my engage in a certain stage a different way than another, while others will regress or progress. This is why counseling while a science is also an art. The individual talents of a counselor go well beyond the models and theories but also helping others implement what needs to be done through a variety of skills that involve evaluation and guidance.
Problem Management and Carl Roger’s 5 Stage Model
The great Humanist counselor, Carl Rogers, understood the importance of structure in helping clients find direction. At the source, he also made his care patient based and utilized empathy to help individuals find healing. In previous blogs, we discuss the Humanistic Approach.
In regards to Carl Rogers, the Problem Management Model shares many similarities with the 5 Stage Model. Carl Rogers listed 5 important stages within any counseling relationship that are essential in directing an individual towards healing. The first stage involves an empathetic relationship. Within this first stage, the counselor looks to build rapport with the client through empathy, trust building and establishing a goals and direction (Ivey, 2018, p. 194). This stage is so critical because many counselor/client relationships end because of a disconnect. Whether due to insensitivity or indifference that is purposeful or perceived, the relationship is never able to grow. The client does not feel the counselor cares or truly invests in the problem. Furthermore, in our previous blogs, it can be due to multicultural issues that are perceived by the client. The client may feel a young woman may not understand himself, an older man, or a black woman, feeling a white middle class counselor will not understand her issues of social injustice.
Rogers second stage includes understanding the story. Stage two is labeled Story and Strengths and focuses on the story itself. Collecting data, drawing out the story and establishing early goals are essential (Ivey, 2018, p., 194). Of course this stage demands good attending of the client. It involves active listening and good responding skills that emphasize reflecting feelings, paraphrasing and summarizing as needed to have a full understanding of the story. It involves empathetic understanding of the client and identifying strengths and weaknesses, truth and discrepancies, and helping to build up with the client.
Stage three involves in identifying and establishing goals that best fit the needs of the client. It is a collaborative effort where as a team, the counselor and client identify the best goals and options (Ivey, 2019, p. 194). This stage is very similar to the Problem Management Model, where after feelings are identified, then the client is asked beyond the current picture, what is the preferred picture? Hence, the similarities show a concrete plan in helping the client from one point to another and helping the counseling sessions move forward with purpose and direction.
Rogers’ stage four continues align with the Problem Management Model in continuing to identify the preferred picture. Within this stage, the Restory stage, the client is asked to identify alternative goals, confront issues and rewrite the narrative (Ivey, 2018, p. 194). It is the completion of the preferred picture and implementation of a plan.
Finally, the final stage, looks at action and how to achieve it and also deal with set backs (Ivey, 2018, p. 194). Hence one can see the similarities but also see a common art and science that should guide a counselor in helping individuals through problems. There is a common theme and way to do things. There is a general current that one should allow counseling sessions to flow. The flow may be different at certain times, but the general direction is essential.
Conclusion
It is essential to have a plan. Counseling is structured while also flexible. It has a purpose and a plan to reach a goal. The flexibility is how to reach that goal not the goal itself. Problem Management helps the counseling relationship stay structured in regards to the issue. It helps identify the issue, state the better outcome and help give the tools and plans to accomplish it. Counselors need to work their clients to the desired change but while doing so understand the nature of change within the human person and the need to keep trying when results do not appear. The counselor not only guides the client to facilitate positive change but also helps the client get up when the client falls.
Please also review AIHCP’s numerous mental health programs, including its Grief Counseling and Christian Counseling Certification Programs
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification as well as its Christian Counseling Program. AIHCP also offers Spiritual Counseling, Stress Management, Crisis Intervention and Anger Management programs to help train professionals in facilitating positive changes in clients. Utilization of a Problem Management paradigm is essential in all of these models. AIHCP’s programs are all independent study and online.
Reference
Egan, G & Reese, R. (2019). “The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed.) Cengage.
Additional Resources
“Problem-Solving Models: What They Are and How To Use Them”. (2023). Indeed Editorial Staff. Indeed. Access here
Cuncic, A. (2024). “What Is Problem-Solving Therapy?”. Very Well Mind. Access here
Antonatos, L. (2023). “Problem-Solving Therapy: How It Works & What to Expect”. Choosing Therapy. Access here
