Written by Deepika
No matter how diligently providers play their part, suboptimal care is a known outcome of a fragmented healthcare system. Consider the following scenario that is still commonplace: A patient is discharged with a new medication, a specialist referral, and follow-up instructions with primary care.
The primary care provider receives part of the discharge information. At the same time, the specialist is working from a different set of records. Meanwhile, the patient is managing a chronic condition through another clinic, waiting for a referral appointment that has not been scheduled.
Each provider is doing what they can, but nobody has the complete picture. This kind of fragmentation only becomes more complex when patients must navigate multiple parts of the healthcare system.
In 2025, nearly 12.5 million people across the US were enrolled in both Medicare and Medicaid. Again, the two programs operate separately, with different eligibility requirements, benefits, and payment structures. The issue is ensuring that each provider has a shared understanding.
Case managers can help create a connected process, and this article will explore how.
Tracing Gaps in a Patient’s Care
Before the fragmented pieces are connected, case managers need to know where those pieces are falling short. This means they would look beyond the immediate reason, be it a referral or recent hospitalization. Essentially, a patient’s larger care landscape would be assessed.
If we go by recent research, a lot can be uncovered when care is examined across transitions. Take the example of a 2026 study involving 2,426 adults in a pharmacy-driven care transition program. It was discovered that 81.7% of the cases involved at least one medication error.
Moreover, non-adherence to medication was noted in 45.6% of patients, along with barriers to accessing medication in 12.7% of cases. If a case manager were to fixate their judgment on a single encounter/record, they would not understand the real needs of the patient.
A broader assessment would bring together information from medical records, the care team, and the patient. On a case-to-case basis, it’s important to look at the following:
- Incomplete referrals: A recommended specialist or service has not been scheduled or received.
- Gaps in follow-ups: Instructions from one care setting have not been carried through to the next.
- Medication discrepancies: Medication lists, dosages, or treatment instructions that differ between providers.
- Duplicate services: Tests, assessments, or services may be recurring because providers lack visibility into what has already occurred.
- Unaddressed barriers: Transportation, cost, access, or other practical issues may make an otherwise relevant care plan challenging to follow.
- Missing information: Relevant records, test results, or treatment updates have not reached the provider who needs them.
A September 2026 report by the American Medical Association on Ochsner Health’s hospital-to-home programs makes the practical importance of identifying such gaps much clearer. Ochsner had 293 patients with congestive heart failure enrolled in its acute care at home program in 2025.
Although they represented 15% of the program’s home patients, they accounted for 16% of all reutilizations. In response, one of Ochsner’s strategic priorities for 2026 is to improve care coordination for this group. As Dr. Beau Raymond, the Chief Medical Officer for population health at Ochsner, stated, “We needed to be smarter about simple care coordination activities.”
Also, keep in mind that Ochsner’s approach was not just about analyzing clinical information. It included identifying patients at risk, determining which home-based program fits their needs, and helping case managers navigate available options. Instead of documenting every detail of a patient’s journey, case managers should determine where the care pathway is most likely to break down.
Building Bridges Across Providers and Care Settings
After the gaps in a patient’s care have been identified, the next challenge is bringing the right people and services into the same care pathway. A case manager may have to coordinate communication between a primary care provider, specialist, hospital team, home health service, or a community-based resource.
Each of these roles may differ, but that should not prevent the patient’s care from moving forward. The complexity of this coordination can vary depending on where and how a patient receives care.
For instance, Community CareLink notes that distance and staffing make coordination critical in rural communities. Patients may have fewer healthcare providers nearby, requiring them to travel beyond their local community for certain services.
The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) notes that only 2% of residency training occurs in rural areas. Strengthening rural training will improve access to care and increase the likelihood that physicians practice in these communities.
For rural health transformation, this can mean coordinating care that extends beyond its immediate network. A case manager may need to connect a patient with an outside specialist, help address scheduling barriers, and ensure the referring provider has all the necessary information.
Essentially, several practical responsibilities form a part of this bridge-building process. These include the following:
- Making sure each member of the care team has clear responsibilities
- Facilitating communication between professionals working from separate records
- Helping move a referral beyond the initial order by checking whether the patient reached the appropriate service
- Carrying relevant information and care responsibilities across settings such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, and community services
- Incorporating practical support, social services, and other community-based assistance into the broader care plan
Turning Coordination Into Continuity of Care
Connecting providers is only half of the work done. A patient can still experience a breakdown in their care if they do not receive a follow-up on the next steps. Continuity of care depends on whether the plan still works after those initial connections have been made.
In other words, the focus of case management here is to keep the connected pieces together. Case managers can monitor whether recommended services were accessed, whether treatment plans are being followed, and whether new barriers have emerged. They also have the chance to analyze the patient’s needs amid changing circumstances.
According to a recent CBS News feature, continuity of care becomes more difficult when local healthcare resources change. Sturgis Hospital in rural Michigan closed on June 19th, ending services that included surgery, medical imaging, physical therapy, and cardiac rehabilitation.
The loss of its emergency department also meant that some patients who previously took an approximately 2-mile ambulance ride would now have to travel 25 miles. Situations like this show why continuity requires more than maintaining a list of referrals. Since a facility is no longer available, the patient’s care pathway may have to be rebuilt around what is accessible.
Case managers play a significant role in that rebuilding process. Maintaining continuity of care may involve the following:
- Confirming that referrals, appointments, and treatments happened promptly
- Watching for changes in the patient’s condition, circumstances, and ability to manage their care plan
- Adjusting coordination when a patient’s health or support needs change
- Ensuring important updates and responsibilities move with the patient from one stage of care to the next
The Sturgis example also shows why continuity cannot be treated as a one-time task. The report noted that other clinics remained available after the hospital closed, but the emergency department’s absence left facilities in Three Rivers, Coldwater, and LaGrange, Indiana, as the closest alternatives to patients.
A case manager can become a crucial link in such fragmentation. Instead of directing a patient to a new provider, they can look through the care plan again to see what has changed. That’s how it’s possible to ensure the next set of services still fit together. This type of attention to detail is particularly relevant in cases where the patient has multiple conditions or practical barriers to overcome.
FAQs
What problems do case managers help address in fragmented healthcare?
Case managers help identify gaps such as incomplete referrals, medication discrepancies, duplicate services, and practical barriers. They bring together information from different providers and settings to determine whether a patient’s care pathway is breaking down.
How do case managers improve coordination between healthcare providers?
The way case managers improve coordination is by connecting care providers, facilitating information sharing, and helping carry care plans across different settings. This can be especially important when patients must travel for services or receive care from multiple organizations that do not work together.
How do case managers help maintain continuity of care?
Case managers follow up after referrals and transitions, monitor changing needs, and adjust care coordination when circumstances change. If a provider or service becomes unavailable, they can help identify alternatives to ensure important information moves with the patient.
Fragmented Healthcare At a Glance
| Care Challenge | Case Management Insight |
| Scattered information | Find the missing pieces. |
| Incomplete referrals | Follow the referral through. |
| Conflicting medication records | Reconcile the differences. |
| Disconnected providers | Keep communication going. |
| Care across distant settings | Bridge the gaps between services. |
| Changing patient needs | Reassess the needs and adapt the care plan accordingly. |
| Loss of local services | Rebuild the care pathway. |
| One-time coordination | Keep care connected. |
Fragmentation in healthcare cannot be attributed to a single person or one failed interaction. It can develop when information is scattered across records and referrals lose their momentum.
Case managers have the unique potential to make the system more connected. A 2026 randomized controlled trial involving 1,387 adults with multiple chronic conditions compared three approaches to case management after hospital discharge.
While no considerable difference was observed in 90-day readmission rates, in-person care enabled patients to better understand and manage their care over the following year. Successful coordination cannot be determined by a single outcome. To keep a patient’s journey connected over time, multiple factors must be considered and addressed.
Author Bio
Deepika has over six years of experience as a writer and editor. Passionate about words and learning, she takes an interest in a variety of niches. Her knack for turning complex ideas into relatable narratives allows her to resonate with the reader.
When her pen falls silent, you can find her engrossed in a novel or getting her hands messy with fine arts. Through these, Deepika is committed to keeping her curiosity and creativity alive.
References:
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. July 2026. Medicare-Medicaid Coordination Office Fiscal Year 2025.
https://www.cms.gov/files/document/mmco-report-congress.pdf-2
- Kevin McKeough. Better handoffs help home care cut hospital readmissions. American Medical Association.
- Williams Kelly, et al. April 2026. Integrated care for chronic conditions: a randomized care management trial. PubMed.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41838981/
- Rural Residency Planning and Development (RRPD) Program. September 2026. Health Resources & Services Administration.
https://www.hrsa.gov/rural-health/grants/rural-health-research-policy/rrpd
Please also review AIHCP’s Case Management Certification program and our CE courses as well, to see if they meet your academic and professional goals. These programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification


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