Crisis Intervention and Domestic Violence

Posted on December 13, 2024December 13, 2024 by Mark Moran

Crisis workers, specialists and counselors who help those in crisis and trauma come across many cases of abuse or domestic violence. Whether lower tier, on site, or dealing with long term trauma, domestic violence is a large problem within the world, especially against women. This is not to say it does not also occur against men, but the higher percentage of abuse and domestic violence is against women and children. Women especially suffer the brunt of domestic violence cases and suffer as victims sometimes unable to act. This blog will review what domestic violence is, factors surrounding the victim and perpetrator, as well as intervention strategies to help victims, usually women, to be able to heal and move forward.

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program as well as its Anger Management Consulting Program and see if these programs meet your needs. Professionals in the Human Service Field who help battered women and other victims can utilize these certifications to broaden their knowledge and understanding of domestic violence.

What is Domestic Violence?

Domestic violence is any physical or verbal harm to another in a household. Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention and Anger Management Certifications

Domestic violence goes well beyond merely anger and loss of control but has many elements that go deeply into the psychology of the abuser and the willingness for the victim to sometimes endure for years. Domestic Violence also known as Intimate Partner Violence encompasses all types of couples including not only married, but those living together, same sex couples, and abuse of children or elderly (James, 2017, p. 286). Within Domestic Violence are key terms that designate the crime. Battering refers to any type of physical assault, while abuse is a more general term that not only encompasses physical violence but also emotional, verbal abuse as well as threatening (James, 2017, p. 287).

There are many theories that surround the relationship that ties abuser and victim together. Attachment/Traumatic Bonding Theory speculates that abusers abuse because of fear of losing the significant other due to childhood trauma of losing loved ones and lack of stability. Another theory is Exchange Theory which postulates that the abuser will continue to be violent as long as the reward outweighs the cost of utilizing violence to control. Intraindividual Theory investigates various psychological and neurophysiological disorders that play a part in why batterers abuse. From the victim perspective, many women suffer from learned helplessness and battered woman syndrome in which the woman accepts the abuse and the results as a learned behavior. In reverse, the abuser, usually a man, falls into the learned behavior of achieving results through inherent abuse. Feminist theory attributes abuse by men to be tied to sexist and patriarchal views within society that glorify the dominance of the man over the woman. Cultural reinforcement and glorification of aggression for success can also play a role in advancing aggression as a positive attribute. Finally, psychological entrapment proposes that women have to much to lose financially if they report or leave the abuser. In addition, the secret fills the victim with shame and ties the abused to the abuser and looks for the abused to justify and find ways to stay (James, 2017, p. 290-293).

There are also numerous secondary stressors and issues that can add or complicate to the abuse case. Issues surrounding geographic location can affect the duration of abuse if the abused is isolated. Economic and financial stressors can play a role in a woman staying with an abuser, as well as religious beliefs and stigma. Many women may feel disenfranchised or rejected if abuse was made public. Other stressors and factors include the age of the couple, with younger couples experiencing abuse at a higher level, as well as the role of drugs and alcohol (James, 2017, p. 294).

In addition, there are many myths about domestic violence that can sometimes look to dismiss it as not as serious. One such myth is that battered women overstate their case, display too much sensitivity, or hate men or are looking for revenge. The reality is most women who report are not reporting the first incident but are reporting after multiple cases. Other myths involve justifying the abuse as if the woman or victim provoked the beating, or that if it was truly so bad, she would leave the relationship. These false myths need dismissed in order to give domestic violence the spotlight it deserves and the importance for society to make it not a family personal issue but a community one (James, 2017. p. 294).

Profile of the Batterer and Abuser

Batterer suffer from a variety of emotional impulse controls but also are possibly suffer from past abuse, as well as addiction issues. Many find wish to exert dominance over others

Batterers usually can have any of the following issues. They were battered themselves, faced poor family conditions as children, have anger and impulse control issues, deal with addictions, or suffer from a variety of emotional and cognitive disorders. Characteristics of individuals, in particular men, who abuse suffer from a variety of issues. Many demonstrate excessive dependency and possessiveness toward a women. Others have poor communication skills and can only filter anger to express. Others may have unreal expectations of their spouses or partners. Others may see themselves as dominant and set up rigid family control patterns for the spouse and children that cannot be infringed upon. Many men who abuse also are characterized as jealous, impulsive, denying, depressive, demanding, aggressive and violent. In addition, many suffer from low self esteem and form addictive habits (James, 2019, p. 293). Many abusers usually look to minimize abuse. They may deny battering, minimize the battery, or project the battery onto the victim (James, 2017, .p. 321).

Some batterers are a family only batterers. These types act out but are quick to seek forgiveness. Others with low level anti-social tendencies, or violent anti-social tendencies are far more dangerous and terroristic. This does not mean family only batterers do not have serious issues or can lead to fatal outcomes. It just means, there violence is more confined to the home and nowhere else and it may not be due to deeper psychological disorders (James, 2017., p. 296). However, it is important to note, any physical violence, even a push or shove, or threat is too much. There needs to be zero tolerance for any type of behavior.

Profile of the Abused

Abused women on the other hand suffer various characteristics that fall into compliance with abuse and perpetrate its continuance. These characteristics are sometimes sought out by abusers since it enables control. Many abused women lack self esteem due to the continuous verbal insults. They lack self confidence in abilities to make the situation better. Many women who are abused come from past history of being abused, much as the abuser. They may regularize the abuse as something familiar and normal. Many women who are subject to abuse are very dependent upon the spouse and are unable to escape the situation, or fear leaving due to stigma. Many women cannot differentiate between love and sex and also feel it is their duty to fix the abuser by staying (James, 2017, p. 294).

Many women simply live and relive the vicious cycle of abuse. They accept the the tranquil periods or first phase of tranquility of no violence but soon enough, the second phase of tension starts to build and the third phase of a violent outburst occurs. Upon this, the relationship enters into a pivotal crisis state of whether the abuser will seek forgiveness or re-assert dominance where the victim accepts the situation and re-enters a new tranquility phase. Only till the victim stops the cycle will the domestic violence end (James, 2017, p. 296).

Assessment and Intervention

Upon any report of domestic violence, human service professionals are required to report. This involves documenting the abuse with pictures and statements, assuring the victim of her rights and giving her a plan, and finally, reporting the incident to appropriate authorities (James, 2017, p. 300). Most disclosures occur at shelters, hospitals, on scene, via a crisis call or after an arrest. Unfortunately, sometimes it is difficult to access battered women or to get them to display bruises or report a crime. The Battered Woman Scale measures traits that make it difficult for battered woman to discuss or report abuse. Overall, most women possess traits of those with PTSD (James, 2017, p. 299).

During the clinical interview it is important to believe a woman who reports battering. Most women who finally have enough courage to report, are finally doing so after numerous incidents and are finally realizing the life or death nature of the situation. It is important to listen with empathy, provide support and facilitate the necessary course of action for the victim (James, 2017, p. 302). It is important as a crisis responder or counselor to be real with the victim and listen with empathy. The victim should be allowed to express emotion and the time she needs to express and tell it. The counselor should maintain eye contact during this phase and exercise empathetic listening skills. It is also important to remain respectful and non-judgemental. This is a very difficult story for the woman to tell and she needs to be applauded and not questioned with “why”. Counselors need to also help restate the victim’s thoughts and feelings and help guide the victim to better options and ways to resolve the issue and any fears she may have or possess. Finally, it is important to follow through and check on the victim’s process (James, 2017. p. 304).

Over the long term, it is important to provide psychoeducation about abuse and feelings associated with it. It is important to emphasize how unjust family violence is and how to better cope with it in the future. Other victims may also need aid in dealing with PSTD, or other stressors that are preventing them from healing and moving forward. In addition, women, families and victims need social support to help through the process (James, 2017, p.314)

Many abusers will need more than merely anger management, but additional support groups to help individuals face their own inner demons and to see the damage their violence does to the people they love. This may also involve drug and addiction therapy, as well as public intervention.

Conclusion

Domestic violence is not a family issue but a public issue. Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis and Anger Management Programs

Domestic abuse whether verbal or physical is always wrong. It has deeper roots usually and cause deep crisis and trauma to victims. Many who perpetrate it have their own inner issues. While men usually are the perpetrator, it is important to note that not only women and children can be abused, but men can also be abused by women. In addition, same sex couples also face the same domestic issues heterosexual couples face. Counselors, crisis specialists, chaplains, pastors and social workers can play large roles in helping stop the cycle of violence and helping victims find safety through good assessment, reporting and future therapy.

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program as well as its Anger Management Consulting Certification. The programs are online and independent study with mentorship as needed.

Resource

James, R & Gilliland, B. (2017). “Crisis Intervention Strategies”. (8th). Cengage

Additional Resources

“The National Domestic Violence Hotline”. Access here

“Domestic Violence”. Psychology Today. Access here

“Domestic violence against women: Recognize patterns, seek help”. Mayo Clinic Staff. Access here

Strong, R. (2023). “What Is Domestic Violence? Learn the Signs and How to Get Help Now”. Healthline. Access here

Crisis Intervention and Assessment of Those in Crisis

Posted on October 30, 2024November 13, 2024 by Mark Moran

Those in crisis require different kinds of counseling than those in short and long term care counseling. Those in crisis have emotional and mental wounds that are intensely bleeding from within leading to sometimes lethal and dangerous decision making. Individuals feel lost and without purpose with no light at the end of the tunnel. Hence those in crisis lose cognitive and mental capabilities to make safe and logical decisions. This requires on site mental first aid and de-escalation. Those in EMT, police, FEMA, as well as chaplains and social workers who work with law enforcement approach those in crisis as mental first responders. One does not know what to expect and the job can definitely be dangerous due to the unexpected behavior of those in crisis. Individuals trained in crisis hence provide emotional and mental first aid and look to stabilize individuals from a mental and emotional way. This blog will look at the basic steps of Crisis Intervention and the role of assessing individuals in crisis.

Crisis Intervention professionals assess and implement plans to stabilize the person in crisis

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals

Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention and Steps

Various models of Crisis Intervention look to examine the best psychological way to understand the state of crisis and how to help an individual reach pre-crisis state. Crisis professionals all agree that those in crisis experience disequilibrium as opposed to equilibrium and immobility as opposed to mobility (James, 2017, p. 48). Disequilibrium refers to lack of emotional stability, balance or poise within an individual (James, 2017, p.48) and immobility refers to the state of a being that is unable to autonomously change or cope or respond to different moods, feelings needs, conditions that require adaptation (James, 2017. p. 48). Hence it is the duty and vocation of the crisis professional to help individuals again find balance and ability to cope with the crisis inducing situation. The crisis professional is not again present to help resolve the issues causing the crisis itself but only present to help the person again find ability to cope with the situation in the heat of the moment. The crisis professional can then guide the person to appropriate resources and support to face the problems that created the conditions for crisis to occur. This involves various steps and procedures to help a person in crisis stabilize and find balance again. However, James warns that those in crisis are ones to follow steps but in reality are far more chaotic. With this in mind, these steps serve as a checklist or guidebook that can be adapted, or repeated, or reused as necessary within the process until the person again finds state of mind.

The Hybrid Model serves as a way for crisis professionals to help de-escalate the situation and help a person find pre-crisis state through seven steps. The first step is predispositioning/engaging and initiating contact (James, 2017, p. 50). This essential task sets the table and emotional response between anyone in crisis, whether one is facing little impairment or facing extreme emotional impairment. This step involves the crisis professional introducing him/herself and attempting to form some type of bond or understanding. When a person is in intense crisis, approach is key. An aggressive approach can turn the person to self harm or harm of others or also increase agitation within the mind. Trained police officers who approach someone in a mental breakdown who approach with more calmness and articulation are far better able to de-escalate as opposed to officers who approach as angry, aggressive or authoritarian. Many times, police escalate the situation of a person in crisis by challenging, commanding, or threatening. A person in crisis will not respond logically or calmly to these types of approaches. The best way is to introduce oneself calmly without threatening (James, 2017, p. 50). Within this initiation of contact, police or crisis professionals should attempt to learn the name of the person and also clarify one’s intentions in what the person in crisis should expect to happen next. Calm, clear and precise articulation can help break the ice and begin the process of de-escalation as opposed to making the situation worst.

The second task involves exploring the problem. This involves understanding the problem from the current context of the individual in crisis (James, 2017, p. 51). Key to helping and understanding requires core listening skills that encompass empathy and genuineness (James, 2017, p. 51). In this way, the crisis specialist examines the situation as a detective. H/she not only assesses the person (which we will review in the second part of the blog), but he/she also looks for clues about the current problem and addresses the person’s issue as how he/she is experiencing it. If a person is experiencing a breakdown, the crisis professional will discuss why the person is upset and reinforce understanding of why the situation is bad but also why it can be fixed. In addition to the person, the crisis professional will also see all the other issues surrounding the current issue, such as interpersonal issues, or other environmental issues and understanding how they fuel the current crisis.

The third task involves providing support. The crisis specialist, police or chaplain on the scene can provide support via continued empathetic dialogue. This includes letting the person know he/she is not alone and that the crisis specialist is a person who cares about he or she and that the crisis professional is present to help the person receive the support necessary (James, 2017, p. 52). This type of reassurance can help a person find some stability. Many individuals facing natural disasters will need those simply initial words of support to help them find some peace and calm after being completely overwhelmed. The crisis professional can supply psychological support, logistical support which leads the person to basic survival needs, such as food or water or shelter, social support which includes activating and discovering family, friends, coworkers or church, and information support which can include resources the person can access to find help (James, 2017, p. 53). Sometimes a person in crisis will need to be reassured that there is support before he/she will accept help from someone or leave a potentially dangerous situation. A crisis professional can help alleviate the hopelessness by asking and promising the help one needs. Of course, safety is a huge concern during these discussions. When weapons or erratic behavior exist, crisis specialists are at risk. Whether its a violent person in the street, a person threatening to shoot oneself with a gun in hand, the crisis specialist needs to assess, utilize the proper safety guidelines and also the backup present when hoping to diffuse and talk to individuals in a state of crisis.

The fourth task involves helping the person find alternatives to the current mode of thinking (James, 2017, p. 54). Sometimes rational ideas or different ways of viewing a crisis can help a person find some logic or some hope in finding pre-crisis state. This involves asking about situational supports the client has had in the past involving family or friends who can help, as well as offering coping mechanisms that include actions, behaviors or resources that can help the client in the temporary crisis. In addition, offering positive reframing of the current and temporary situation can help the client or person in crisis think more clearly. A crisis professional can offer a variety of solutions or alternative to the one in crisis to view the situation differently (James, 2017, p. 54). This ultimately involves a serious examination of the person’s realistic options within the current crisis situation.

Crisis Intervention counselors and specialists on scene look to help the person find emotional balance and mobility to cope with the short term problem through a series of tasks

The fifth task is to create a plan. Usually these plans are short goal but they offer order in the chaos for the person in crisis. The crisis professional offers certain ways of proceeding forward and meeting immediate and short term needs of the person. This type of grounding helps the person find some anchor in the chaos and that there are plans available to escape the crisis. This is important for individuals who may have lost a home to hurricane or a person who lost his or her job, or a person who is going through a divorce and lost his or her children. The crisis professional helps the person find order and some control (James, 2017. p. 55). The person should feel part of the plan and have autonomy within it.

The sixth and seventh tasks involve obtaining commitment on part of the person to follow through on the plan and then following up with the client within a few hours, or even days to ensure the person is still on the right path (James, 2017, p. 55-57). Commitment shows the person understands and comprehends the plan and also gives the person a sense of empowerment. Follow up is key to ensure the person still understands the plan and is meeting with the necessary agencies or persons to permit the plan to blossom. This also shows that the crisis professional cares and wants the person to be able to find permanent success following a crisis. This is important for anyone who lost a job or home and needs to contact certain groups, as well as those who were suicidal are committing to the plan of getting the help they need.

A similar model is referred to as the Robert Model. This involves assessment of the situation and person regarding lethality. Following assessment, involves rapport with the individual as found in the Hybrid model. Following rapport, identifying the problem and crisis and then exploring the emotions is addressed. Alternative options and plans are then addressed with follow up. As one can see, most models share a similar 7 step procedure that involves assessments, making contact, understanding the situation and giving options to de-escalate and help the person return to precrisis state with followup.

Interaction with Those in Crisis

Within the first task of initiating contact, it is crucial to establish trust and a bond with those experiencing crisis. Whether a person is brought to a mental health facility in a state of crisis, or arriving upon a scene, basic interaction with communication and listening skills are important. As they are in any counseling, particular ways crisis counselors speak and listen can play a big role in de-escalating a situation. Open ended questions are important that request descriptions of the situation such as “Please tell me” or “Show me” can help a person open up and communicate the crisis. In addition open ended questions that focus on plans of the person such as “What will you do?” can help make the person in crisis think. Expansion questions can help broaden the story by simply stating, “Tell me more” or questions that look to assess the situation. For most cases, “why” questions should be avoided since they provide opening for illogical defense. While it may attempt to allow one to understand, it also allows the person to intellectualize and defend why one is doing something that one should not do (James, 2017, p. 74). Close ended questions are used for more focus and quicker responses. They can obtain specifics, obtain commitments, and help focus on the issue at hand. Crisis counselors can also apply basic counseling skills that involve restatements of what the person feels as well as summaries of how the person is acting. Sometimes, restating and summarizing can allow a person in crisis to see the insanity of his/her state of mind.

In crisis, crisis professionals many time utilize owning or owning of feelings (James, 2017, p. 75). Utilizing “It” statements in what is to be done, or how one feels can help the conversation become more intimate and less confrontational as “we”. The person in crisis has only the professional to discuss, when “I” is utilized. Such as examples of ” I understand” . It is important not to falsely understand when one does not. In these cases, one should ask for clarification. Assertion statements are also useful when telling the individual what you expect and how you want someone to do something for one’s own safety. In these statements, specific actions are asked in the particular moment with “I” statements. In addition, it is important to offer positive reinforcement when applicable while working a person through crisis. Compliment the person who is able to breathe smoothly or who is starting to show control of emotions (James, 2017, p. 77).

In addition to various statements that can help create bonds and trust, as well as de-escalation, counselors need to listen with empathy and genuineness (James, 2017, p. 78). This involves empathetic listening for clues and acknowledging what the person is saying, but also understanding it while helping to guide the person to better options. It is not patronizing but serious listening and response to what is being related by the person in crisis. If the person in crisis understands that the counselor is acknowledging fears and taking what the person feels as serious, then respect can exist and the person in crisis will be more listening to reason and statements from the counselor. Through this, sometimes, a counselor can help create awareness of the situation during reflection of what the person in crisis is stating. Sometimes, restating the problem via good listening and offering a clear awareness of the difficult situation can be a great aid for the person. Sometimes, it is also important to allow the person in crisis to talk. One needs to allow sometimes for the person to talk, express, swear, curse, rant or mourn before reason can be restored (James, 2017, p. 80). In crisis intervention counseling this is referred to as catharsis. Ultimately, listening and communicating involves empathy with the client in crisis. It involves proper attending, verbal communication, reflecting feelings, and utilizing nonverbal cues and silence as a way to show empathy (James, 2017, p. 82).

Throughout the tasks, especially when discussing emotions, alternatives and plans, the crisis specialist needs to also promote expansion of the client’s tunnel vision of the temporary moment and open possibilities. This helps the client see the overall picture (James, 2017, p. 81). Sometimes during these phases and tasks, crisis counselors can also help individuals focus on the immediate issue. Many times individuals in crisis will spiral out of control and discuss multiple stressors that are not present. The crisis counselor can help partition, decompartmentalize and downsize client’s fears and stressors (James, 2017, p. 81). In addition, counselors during interaction need to know how to supply guidance and help implement order. Those in crisis and chaos depending on their level of impairment need direction and guidance. Finally, crisis counselors need to assure those they are working with that they are safe. “I” statements that assure safety and meeting of physical needs can help a person in crisis become more secure and open to de-escalation (James, 2017, p. 81).

Again, simplified, the basic ABC’s of Crisis Counseling merely involves achieving a relationship, breaking down the problem and committing to a plan of action. Identifying what activated the event, understanding the beliefs associated with it and the consequences surrounding it. This involves helping the person again find mobility and equilibrium throughout that process and utilizing the skills listed above in that process and also understanding the affective, behavioral and cognitive states of the person.

Assessment in Crisis Intervention

The tasks in helping a person find balance and mobility again are essential in crisis intervention. One of the initial observations during the first contact with a person in crisis is assessment of the person. Crisis Intervention offers a variety of assessment tools and charts to help EMT, police, chaplains and social workers to better able assess a person’s threat to oneself and others. Most assessment covers affective and emotional states, behavioral states and cognitive states. It is also important to assess whether a client has been in crisis before or if this is merely an isolated acute situation or if the person is chronic crisis with common re-entry (James, 2017, p. 69). Chronic, long term and transcrisis can all play roles in the persons limitations on resources and resiliency.

Affective states refer to one’s current mood. Hence any abnormal or impaired mood can show signs of crisis upon the scene. A person may seem over emotional or severely withdrawn. The behavioral functioning can also be important in assessing. The crisis professional observes the doing, acting and behavior of the person on scene (James, 2017, p. 58). Finally the cognitive state of the person in crisis in important in crisis. The crisis professional reviews the thinking patterns and thoughts of the person in crisis.

These three observations detail the ABC model of affective, behavioral and cognitive states (James, 2017, p.58). The Triage Assessment system and chart lists a series of questions that look at affective, behavioral and cognitive issues as well as supplying a chart to access severity of crisis (James, 2017. p. 59-64). A person’s affective state will include observing if the person is on medication or not, under a substance, experiencing psychosis or paranoid or any other mood related or physical appearances. A person’s behavioral state is ranked based on if the person is defiant, aggressive, reckless, suicidal, or violent. From a cognitive state, observations include if a person is uncooperative, impulsive, hysterical, confused or unresponsive (James, 2017, p. 60 & 68).

The Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive scales help assessment with the worst score totaling 30. Important labels include no impairment and minimal to low, moderate, marked and severe. Stable moods are contrasted moods devoid of feeling, behaviors are rated from socially appropriate to behaviors that intensify crisis, and decisions are ranked from considerate of others to decisions that are clear and present danger to self and others (James, 2017, p. 61-62). Ratings are based off of a 1 to 10 model of each facet of affective, behavioral and cognitive. Within affective, one rates anger, fear and sadness. Within behavioral, one rates approach, avoidance and immobility. Within cognitive, one ranks current transgression, perceived future threat and past reflection on loss. In addition, there exists observation questions regarding the person that looks at if the person is on or off medication. Individuals who rate within 3 to 10 total points within assessment are considered minimal impairment and need little direction and can self direct. Those with ratings of 11-15 require some guidance and direction. Those with a score of 16 to 19 are indicative of a person losing more and more control of the situation. Those with scores at 20 are potentially entering into harms way and need intense direction to avoid a lethal range, while those in the upper 20 scores have entered into a lethal range and lethality is present (James, 2017. p. 66).

Conclusion

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals

Crisis Intervention is a structured response to pure and utter chaos. It is mental first aid. While structured it is adaptable and adjustable. Those who are experienced and talented utilize the core concepts and adjust and adapt in the moment. The seven tasks to help a person find balance and mobility are key as well as assessing low impairment and high impairment cases within one’s affective, behavioral and cognitive abilities. Those in crisis intervention whether in police, EMT, social work, mental health, and chaplaincy require empathy, patience and skill to safely deal with those who are harmful to self and others.

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program. Qualified professionals can earn a four year certification to help them within this field. Whether working at a crisis center or trained professionals on the scene, the certification can help give academic and core information that can aid others attempting to work in this high stress but high rewarding field. The program is online and independent study with mentorship as needed

Resources

Bengelsdorf, H., Levy, L. E., Emerson, R. L., & Barile, F. A. (1984). A crisis triage rating scale: Brief dispositional assessment of patients at risk for hospitalization. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172(7), 424–430. Access here

James, R & Gilliand, B. (2017). “Crisis Intervention and Strategies” (8th). Cengage.

Marschall, A. (2023). “How a Crisis Intervention Provides Mental Health Support”. Very Well Mind. Access here

Myer, R. A., Lewis, J. S., & James, R. K. (2013). The introduction of a task model for crisis intervention. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 35(2), 95–107. Access here

Roberts, A. & Ottens, A. (2005). “The Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model: A Road Map to Goal Attainment, Problem Solving, and Crisis Resolution”. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention. Access here

A Closer Look at Crisis Intervention

Posted on October 23, 2024 by Mark Moran

Crisis Intervention is a specialty field that is on the battlefield itself. It is the first aid of those in initial emotional pain and mental disorientation. It involves emergency workers, fire, police, paramedics, but also trained professionals in social work, chaplaincy and mental health. These individuals go to the distressed whether the situation is individual or collective at a local or state level. They meet the emotionally distressed at their home, whether it is due to violent crime, rape, murder, suicide, or sudden death, or to sites where national disasters such as hurricanes have wiped out a person’s home, or to terrorist or shooting sites where communities are left without meaning. Crisis Intervention Specialists look to help individuals find sanity in the insanity and help equip them with the necessary immediate physical, mental, emotional and spiritual care needed to access and find direction. They are not long term specialists for trauma but the first mental health responders to crisis itself.

Those in crisis intervention look to stabilize the person and help them regain emotional balance and the ability to cope when things personal or local disaster strikes

Crisis Intervention stems back the very first Suicide phone line in 1906 and the need for it was escalated with the infamous Coconut Grove Nightclub fire of 1942 (James, 2017, p. 3). The crisis emergency became more apparent with the Community Mental Health Act of 1963 that closed asylums and referred those with mental issues to local mental health services (James, 2017. p. 3-4). Unfortunately, without observation, most suffering from mental trauma, addiction, or minor mental health became the problem of law enforcement and many now find themselves in prisons. The constant and sometimes fatal interactions with mentally unstable individuals with police have led to multiple unfortunate deaths which have called for better mental health accountability by society as well as police training in crisis intervention. With the awakening of post Vietnam PTSD among veterans, addiction, as well as women rights and abuse, the need for crisis intervention grew even more. Today it is a must in a society with many mental maladies that lead to acute instance of crisis.

AIHCP offers a four year certification for those interested in a Crisis Intervention Specialist Certification

What is Crisis?

Crisis definition while sharing key qualities is defined by many mental health professionals. According to James there are a variety of instances that constitute crisis. People can face crisis when obstacle to life goals seems to insurmountable that it leads to despair and disorganization in life. People can face crisis when a traumatic event occurs that totally usurps one’s life and life narrative. People face crisis when a person has no response for the problem or immobilizes them and prevents them from moving forward. People face crisis when fall into anxiety, fear, shock and distress about a disruption in life. People face crisis a loss of psychological equilibrium and emotional instability and imbalance result. People face crisis when they enter into an acute emotional situation arising from external sources that one has temporary inability to cope with or deal with. People face crisis with extraordinary events of disaster and terror or rapidly building stressors that upset the homeostatic balance of the person’s life creating a vulnerable state (2017, p. 9).

James also gives a more precise definition accumulating the above ideas of crisis. He refers to crisis as the “perception or experiencing of an event or situation as intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms. Unless the person obtains relief, the crisis has the potential to cause severe affective, behavioral, cognitive malfunctioning up to the point of instigating injurious or lethal behavior to oneself or others (2017, p. 9)”.

Types of Emergencies

Behavioral emergencies when situations escalate to a point of immediate intervention to avoid death or injury (James, 2017. p. 9). This can include suicide intervention, homicides , lethal situations, abuse, rape, or any type of violent interpersonal behavior. It can be direct or indirect. Sometimes these emergencies occur due to accidents without intent of injury but injury or life risk occurs. In other cases, they can be a product of emotional reaction

Another type of emergency is referred to systemic emergencies that affect organizations, communities or nations. James defines a systemic emergency as a “when a traumatic event occurs such that people, institutions, communities and ecologies are overwhelmed and response systems are unable to effectively contain and control the event in regard to both physical and psychological reactions to it (2017, p.11)”. These can include natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes or tornadoes, as well as terrorist actions, or public shootings. Within all crisis is the possible of it spreading. The term metastasizing crisis is utilized to explain how crisis can outgrow one person and spread to another or how one local crisis can spread to a larger reason. Crisis Intervention teams and emergency response units look to contain crisis through primary prevention as well as secondary intervention policies to prevent as well as minimize.

In all of these cases, the presence of danger exists. Things can change quickly and there are no quick fixes In most of these crises, individuals are faced with choice or no choice. Many are unable to make a choice without help but choosing to do something shows ability to respond and react. Whether an individual is negatively effected by a crisis depends on their individual makeup. Any human being can be victim of a crisis but how one responds depends on interior and exterior characteristics of both the person and the the type of emergency. Resiliency plays a key role in whether one in crisis events and emergencies will go numb, or emotionally instable and uncapable of response. Ultimately beyond exterior and interior sources of a person, it is ultimately one’s perception of the crisis that has a stronger influence than the actual event itself (James, 2017, p. 11-12).

Types of Crisis and Transcrisis States

Within these types of emergencies, there exist numerous types of crisis to the individual. Individuals can suffer from developmental crisis as a result of change throughout life that produces abnormal responses of crisis. Such examples can include the birth of a child, college, a midlife crisis, or even aging (James, 2017, p. 18). In addition to developmental crisis, individuals also face situational crises that are uncommon or extraordinary as to result in inability to respond or cope. Existential crises are far deeper reaching and reach the core of the person’s belief system. Finally, ecosystemic crises involve acts of nature, or human causes evils or disasters that affect individuals or communities (James, 2017. p. 18).

Individuals can experience many different types of crises.

While it is the job of the Crisis Intervention Specialist to help individuals again find balance during crisis, sometimes individuals carry baggage of unresolved issues and current stressors can trigger past unresolved trauma. This is referred to as transcrisis states that can emerge. These states can also occur due to a variety of mental issues ranging from development and unfilled duties, to repressed trauma, as well as addiction which can lead one into crisis when faced with other issues.

James notes however that transcrisis state should not be confused with PTSD which is an identifiable disorder linked to a specific trauma (2017, p. 13). While those with PTSD may be in a transcrisis situation, transcrisis by itself is more vague and due to multiple issues and stressors. The state is one that is residual and reoccurring and always capable of catching fire with a stressor that overflows the cup of the person’s mental abilities.

Basic Crisis Intervention Theories

Lindermann introduced the first basic concepts of Crisis Intervention with his research from survivors from the Coconut Grove Nightclub fire but he focused more solely on normal grief reactions and adjustments to the loss. Caplan, later would view the whole of the traumatic event as crisis beyond grief and loss. Caplan listed the the basic qualities of crisis and adjustment to crisis involving disturbed equilibrium, grief therapy, grief work and restoration of equilibrium (James, 2017, p. 14-15).

Other systems would expand on this basic theory and address certain aspects of psychology of one or more over the other. This included various systems. First, psychoanalytic theory applied the idea of expanded crisis theory beyond general systems that surround the person to also include the individual’s subconscious thoughts and past emotional experiences and how they relate to the current crisis (James, 2017, p. 15). Systems theory instead of looking within the person, emphasized analyzing the interrelationships and interdependence of individuals in crisis or the event and how needs were met within those systems. Via aid and assistance, one can lessen the crisis to the individual or family (James, 2017, p. 16). Ecosystems theory places more emphasis on the macrosystem involving the person, family or community and the interrelated elements and how change to one aspect can lead to disarray for the whole (James, 2017, p. 16). Adaptational Theory focuses on a persons adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies and how good coping will alleviate the crisis sooner than maladaptive reactions. Hence the focus is on how one copes with the issue in a healthy way (James, 2017, p. 16). Interpersonal theory focus on internal locus of the person and the ability to reshape and reframe and find optimism. It is based on empathy and listening as well as the ability to help individuals find confidence that will ultimately defeat the crisis state (James, 2017, p. 17-18). Finally, Developmental theory analyzes how ones development in life has prepared or not prepared an individual for future crisis (James, 2017, p. 18)

Crisis Intervention Models

The three primary models in crisis intervention are the equilibrium model, the cognitive model and psychosocial transition model.

Different models approach crisis from different angles. Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Certification

The Equilibrium model is based off Caplan and identifies crisis state as an emotional and mental imbalance. Their abilities to cope and meet the needs of the crisis are overwhelmed and require assistance in finding equilibrium as opposed to disequilibrium. The goal is to help individuals find balance (James, 2017, p. 19).

The Cognitive model looks to correct faulty thinking in crisis regarding the events surrounding the crisis. The goal is to help the individual become aware of their faulty thinking, reframe and change their views or beliefs about the situation. They are very much connected with CBT (James, 2017, p. 19).

The Psychosocial model states that individuals are a product of their genes, social influences and social environment. When crisis arrives, professionals look to help individuals identify internal behaviors and moods as well external factors which are preventing the individual from utilizing resources or workable alternatives to the crisis at hand (James, 2017, p. 19).

A large part of all models is helping individuals again be able to cope with the problem at hand. Hence the term Psychological First Aid was coined for crisis intervention (James, 2017, p. 20-21). Like stopping the bleeding of the wound, crisis intervention specialists, first responders, emergency relief, social workers, and chaplains are trained to help individuals by meeting basic needs so the person can regain pre-crisis state. US Department of Veteran Affairs, among many, list the most important steps in psychological first aid. Some of these issues also deal with supplying basic safety and security, including shelter and food when necessary as part of basic Maslov needs. Basic Psychological First Aid includes proper contact and engagement which is non-intrusive and compassionate. It should include a sense of safety and comfort. It needs to help stabilize if needed the individual from a mental perspective. It needs to gather information for the needs of the individual and then giving practical assistance for those needs. Furthermore, it entails connecting the individual with social supports such as family, friends as well as informing the individual how to cope with stress and help the person continue to function. Finally, it involves securing for the individual future contacts for aid and help with various services for their particular issue or mental health. (James , 2017, p. 21).

Within this first aid model, the ACT model can play as key guide. One needs to access the problem and understand the needs of the person, connect the person to social support systems and to identify any traumatic reactions or possible future disorders.

Conclusion

Crisis comes in many forms and is universal to all humanity but different people react differently to crisis. Some may lose emotional balance and equilibrium and need immediate care. Those in emergency services, chaplaincy, social work, or disaster relief need to understand the nature of crisis and how to help individuals in the moment regain that emotional equilibrium. While different crisis range and different models exist to help others, crisis intervention is similar to emotional first aid in that it looks to stop the immediate emotional bleeding and help the person again regain control of the situation and be able to cope. While this only deals with the first phase of a long recovery, like all emergency and acute situations, it is vital for many to be able to survive the initial blast of crisis at during different times.

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study with mentorship as needed. The program is and to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification who work in human services, mental health and healthcare professionals, social work, chaplaincy, nursing, emergency call centers, first responders, and disaster relief teams.

Resource

James, R. & Gilliland, B. (2017). Crisis Intervention Strategies (8th)”. Cengage

Additional Resources

Boscarino, J. (2015). “Community Disasters, Psychological Trauma, and Crisis Intervention”. Published in final edited form as: Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2015. National Library of Medicine. Access here

Ford, J. D. (2021). Essential elements of crisis intervention. In J. D. Ford, Crises in the psychotherapy session: Transforming critical moments into turning points (pp. 63–79). American Psychological Association. Access here

Valeii, K. (2024). “Psychological First Aid: How It’s Used”. Very Well Health. Access here

Wang, D & Gupta, V. (2023). “Crisis Intervention”. National Library of Medicine. Access here

“What to Do In a Crisis”. NAMI. Access here

Multicultural Counseling Video Blog

Posted on September 26, 2024October 22, 2024 by Mark Moran

Multicultural counseling competency is important in counseling. Counselors need to be diverse in understanding how culture, race , creed, age and gender play a role in how a client will respond to them. Counselors need to be also aware of their own internal biases. With good cultural understanding, the counseling relationship can become enhanced and help the client heal and grow. Please review the video above to learn more about multicultural counseling,

It is important to have a strong grasp of multicultural counseling skills when helping clients from diverse backgrounds. Please also review AIHCP’s many behavioral health certification programs

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification, as well as its numerous behavioral health certifications in Christian Counseling, Spiritual Counseling, Anger Management, Crisis Intervention and Stress Management, as well as Life Coaching, ADHD Consulting and Meditation Instructor.

Stress and Anger Management: Helping Others with Emotional Flooding

Posted on September 11, 2024 by Mark Moran

Sometimes emotions get the best of individuals. Individuals may be overwhelmed, dealing with multiple stressors or losses, overworked, or dealing with anxiety and stress. These individuals may finally hit the final straw and face an occurrence known as emotional flooding. First coined by John Gottman, this phenomenon can occur in workplaces, at home between couples and also between parents and children.

Emotional Flooding can occur when someone is overworked, over stressed and not getting enough self care. Please also review AIHCP’s Anger Management and Stress Management programs

Emotional Flooding can lead to an outburst or even a withdraw. The individual loses ability to communicate rationally and becomes emotionally overcome. This is quite similar to Fight or Flight responses, where the individual is put into a survival mode situation. Obviously, emotional flooding can lead to drastic problems in relationships, mental health and legal situations especially in cases of anger. It is hence important to utilize both Stress Management and Anger Management skills to help one face emotional flooding situations and hopefully prevent it.

Who is More at Risk for Emotional Flooding Situations?

Individuals who already have high levels of stress and anxiety or various anxiety disorders. PTSD or depression have a higher risk of emotional flooding occurring, as well as those with border line personality disorders as well as attachment disorders. Traditionally, males more so than females also have greater chances of outbursts, but many females still experience the problem. Those with higher sensitivity issues are also more prone to becoming overcome with emotional flooding.

Emotional Flooding, like any stress response, is a fight or flight response that will either push the person to emotional react without rationale or retreat. With higher level of stress, the body will pump cortisol into the blood stream and one’s blood pressure and heart rate will increase, muscles will tighten to prepare the body for fight or flight moments. In addition, rapid breathing and shortness of breath may occur, with loss of focus and increased anxious states.

These types of lapses are obviously huge problems at work places, arguments between couples and when parents are dealing with unruly children. It is important to identify the triggers and symptoms, as well as understand one’s current level of stress to better prepare for a total flooding moment. Emotional Flooding hence has huge negative impacts on mental health, physical health and social life. This in turn leads to worst anxiety, poor decisions, broken relationships, legal issues, lost jobs and physical break down of health.

Dealing with Emotional Flooding

When facing and dealing with stress and anxiety, the first step is a good defense. Individuals need to identify stress loads and mental health issues. These need addressed and treated as needed to prevent a flooding moment. Those who sense burnout is approaching, need to address mental and physical health issues to better address stressors. In addition, individuals need to identify triggers that can set them off. Those who see life as all or nothing or catastrophize things also need to readdress and realign their mental outlook on life. Reframing can be a huge help to maintain a reasonable outlook when things go wrong or when one is over flooding with emotion.

Individuals who are facing emotional stress at a larger level hence need to take a good inventory of their life and their emotions. They need to practice self care and give themselves time to reflect. They need to set boundaries with others if too many things are overtaking them and they also need to find time to meditate, breath, or rest. In addition, when facing an outburst, it may be helpful to practice breathing exercises, or grounding techniques seen in PTSD where the individual uses physical touch or grabbing of an item to help keep connection to reality. It is important to identify triggers and emotions beforehand and to see how they can suddenly sabotage a person’s day. Thinking about reactions and practicing reactions when in a peaceful situation can also help reframe reactions. This is usually conducted in therapy.

When individuals lives begin to spiral out of control due to outbursts, then it is time to seek professional help. Individuals may begin to isolate, lose sleep, lose appetite, become depressed, or lose important relationships. Higher levels of anxiety may begin to creep into the person’s life and professional help may be required to help not only manage anger and stress but to also cognitively reframe reality. In addition, if dealing with higher levels of anxiety or depression, certain medications may be temporarily needed to help a person again find balance in life.

According to therapist Maggie Holland, “Emotional flooding can be an extremely overwhelming and intense experience, but help is available. By working through your triggers, learning to self-regulate, making healthy lifestyle changes, or working with a therapist, you can feel more confident when navigating difficult situations and emotions (2024)”.

Helping a Loved One through Emotional Flooding

Of course no-one should ever permit themselves to be emotionally and physically abused. It may sometimes be important to remove oneself from the situation. While trying to help others through emotional flooding issues, one can help the other person cognitively through supporting the person and understanding the condition and triggers. Focus, listening and empathy can help the person face the emotional surge. Avoiding quick judgement and feeding the anxiety is also key. One can help the loved one breathe and calm down by presenting a calm and caring voice.

Conclusion

Selfcare, identifying triggers and grounding can help one deal with emotional flooding. Please also review AIHCP’s Stress and Anger Management programs

Obviously Emotional Flooding can be acute or chronic with an individual. Some individuals are dealing with immediate stressors and overloaded while others may have anxiety, depression, PTSD, or Borderline Personality issues which would make the emotional breakdowns more common. Regardless, it is important to practice good Stress Management skills and Anger Management skills to avoid worse breakdowns during flooding. This involves identifying triggers, understanding one’s mental state and emotions, and grounding oneself. One can also practice self care, meditation, and set greater boundaries to prevent overload. With work, family life, partners and children at risk, it is critical to regain control of one’s life.

Please also review AIHCP’s Stress Management and Anger Management Certifications. The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification. Many healthcare as well as behavioral healthcare professionals seek these additional certifications to enhance their work resume and specialty practices.

Reference

Holland, M. (2024) “Emotional Flooding: Definition, Symptoms, & How to Cope”. Choosing Therapy. Access here

Additional Resources

Gould, R. (2023) “How to Navigate the Storm of Emotional Flooding”. VeryWellMind. Access here

Romanelll, A. (2020). “Flooding: The State That Ruins Relationships”. Psychology Today. Access here

Malik. J. et., al. (2021). “Emotional Flooding in Response to Negative Affect in Couple Conflicts: Individual Differences and Correlates”. J Fam Psychol. 2020 Mar; 34(2): 145–154. Library of Medicine. Access here

“Expert Tips: How To Navigate And Overcome Emotional Flooding”. Mind Help. Access here

Stress Management Consulting Certification Video on Salutogenesis

Posted on September 11, 2024 by Mark Moran

Salutogenesis instead of looking at negative stressors that cause stress looks at healthy ways to remain unstressed. It is a different approach to stress management and can a play key role in prevention for a better overall healthy life. Please also review AIHCP’s Stress Management Consulting Certification program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification

Facing stress through healthier life styles and prevention. Please also review AIHCP’s Stress Management Consulting Certification

Please review the video below

The Problem Management Model Video

Posted on August 21, 2024August 21, 2024 by Mark Moran

A key part of counseling involves helping the client identify the problem, propose solutions and execute those plans into action with assessment of progress. This is the core of the Problem Management Model in counseling and is key in helping track a client’s progress.

Counselors can help clients learn to find solutions for their issues through the Problem Management Model

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple behavioral health certifications ranging from Grief Counseling and Christian Counseling to Crisis, Stress, Life Coaching and Anger Management Programs. The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals in both the behavioral health and health field areas.

Please review the video below

How Anger Management Consulting Can Transform Your Life

Posted on August 15, 2024August 15, 2024 by Dominick Flarey

By – James M. Katz, BA

Anger is a powerful emotion that can significantly impact various aspects of life. When left unchecked, it can strain relationships, hinder professional growth, and take a toll on mental and physical health. Anger Management Consulting has emerged as a valuable resource for individuals seeking to gain control over their emotions and improve their overall quality of life.

Anger Management Consulting offers a range of tools and techniques to help people understand the root causes of their anger and develop effective coping strategies. Through professional guidance, individuals can learn how to control their anger, enhance their communication skills, and resolve conflicts more constructively. This article explores the transformative power of anger management, discussing key principles, practical techniques, and the benefits of working with a skilled consultant to create a personalized action plan for lasting change. This article explores the roots of anger, how to manage it, and the benefits of seeking help.

Key Takeaways

Understanding what triggers your anger can help you manage it better.
Stress can play a big role in making you feel angry.
There are many techniques, like therapy and mindfulness, that can help you control your anger.
Anger management classes can provide support and teach you knew skills.
Knowing when to seek professional help is important for your well-being.

Understanding the Root Causes of Anger

To effectively manage anger, it is crucial to understand its underlying causes. Anger is often a reaction to other emotions or experiences, and identifying these triggers can be the first step towards better control. This section explores the various factors that contribute to anger, including specific triggers, childhood experiences, and current life stressors.

Identifying Anger Triggers

Anger triggers are unique to each individual and can vary widely based on personal experiences. These triggers are essentially anything that elicits feelings of anger within a person. By recognizing these “buttons” that push someone towards anger, it becomes easier to manage the emotion effectively.

Common anger triggers include:

1. Feeling wronged or mistreated
2. Believing that nobody is listening
3. Getting blamed for things one is not responsible for
4. Feeling insecure or unsafe
5. Receiving threats or insults
6. Being falsely accused
7. Being ignored or interrupted
8. Being lied to

When triggered, individuals often experience both emotional and physiological responses. Emotionally, the primal sectors of the brain responsible for controlling reasoning give way to the prefrontal cortex, leading to a desire for the situation to stop. Physiologically, there’s an increase in respiratory and heart rates, muscle tension, and sometimes tunnel vision.

To help identify personal triggers, individuals can reflect on past instances of anger and analyze what happened just before the emotion arose. For those who struggle to identify their emotions, visual aids like the Anger Gram can be useful. This tool uses a visual map of events and feelings that trigger anger, with their placement around a body image indicating the strength of each trigger.

Exploring Childhood Experiences

Childhood experiences play a significant role in shaping adult anger responses. Research presented at the European Congress of Psychiatry in Paris revealed that people with depression and anxiety who experienced traumatic childhoods are more likely to become angry adults.
The study found that all types of childhood trauma, except for sexual abuse, were associated with higher levels of anger, a higher prevalence of anger attacks, and antisocial personality traits in adulthood, independent of depression and anxiety. Specifically, anxious or depressed individuals with a history of emotional neglect, physical, or psychological abuse were 1.3 to 2 times more likely.

Different types of childhood trauma can lead to varying anger responses in adulthood:

• Emotional neglect: Increased tendency towards irritability or being easily angered
• Physical abuse: Greater tendency towards anger attacks or antisocial personality traits
• Sexual abuse: Tendency to suppress anger, possibly due to a greater sensitivity to rejection

It’s important to note that the more traumatic the childhood experience, the greater the tendency towards adult anger. This connection between childhood trauma and adult anger often stems from situations where an individual’s power was taken away or they were not allowed to express their feelings or needs.

Examining Current Life Stressors

Current life stressors play a significant role in triggering and exacerbating anger. Stress can create a variety of problems, and for those prone to anger, it can increase angry behaviors. The relationship between stress and anger is complex and often cyclical.

Stress affects anger in several ways:

1. Cognitive impact: Stress alters cognitive processing and perception, making individuals more likely to interpret situations as threatening or frustrating.
2. Emotional regulation: Stress compromises the ability to regulate emotions due to the heightened state of arousal it causes.
3. Physiological response: The body’s stress response, involving the release of hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, creates a state of physiological arousal similar to the preparation for aggressive behaviors.
4. Stress-anger cycle: Stress can trigger an anger response, which in turn produces further stress, creating a self-perpetuating cycle.

It’s important to recognize that stressful situations vary from person to person. What one individual find stressful may not affect another in the same way. Often, people feel stressed when they don’t know how to handle a specific situation, which can lead to expressing frustration through anger, lashing out at others, or developing temper tantrums.

Understanding these root causes of anger – triggers, childhood experiences, and current stressors – is essential for developing effective anger management strategies. By identifying personal triggers, addressing past traumas, and learning to manage stress, individuals can take significant steps towards better controlling their anger and improving their overall quality of life.

The Physical and Emotional Toll of Uncontrolled Anger

Uncontrolled anger can have far-reaching consequences, affecting various aspects of an individual’s life. From health issues to strained relationships and career setbacks, the impact of mismanaged anger can be profound and long-lasting.

Health Consequences

Anger triggers the body’s ‘fight or flight’ response, leading to a flood of stress hormones like adrenaline and cortisol. This physiological reaction causes immediate changes in the body, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. While these responses can be beneficial in short-term stressful situations, chronic anger can lead to serious health problems.

The constant flood of stress chemicals and associated metabolic changes that accompany ongoing unmanaged anger can eventually cause harm to many different systems of the body. Some of the short and long-term health problems linked to unmanaged anger include:

1. Headaches
2. Digestive problems, such as abdominal pain
3. Insomnia
4. Increased anxiety
5. Depression
6. High blood pressure
7. Skin problems, such as eczema
8. Heart attack
9. Stroke

Research has shown that anger is specifically linked to a higher risk of heart attacks. For individuals with arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), anger can have particularly detrimental effects. Additionally, when anger is repressed or expressed inappropriately, it can manifest physically within the body, leading to chronic pain and other unexplainable physical symptoms.

Relationship Impacts

Uncontrolled anger can have devastating effects on personal relationships. As social creatures, humans need strong social connections to thrive. However, anger can set the stage for nasty verbal rants or even violent behavior, causing irreparable damage to relationships.

The negative consequences of expressing anger inappropriately in relationships can include:

1. Building resentment and walls between partners
2. Forcing couples to drift apart
3. Leading to infidelity, distrust, separation, or divorce
4. Creating a bad example for children in the household
5. Perpetuating cycles of anger
6. Creating feelings of danger
7. Resulting in verbal, emotional, or physical abuse

In extreme cases, anger explosions can lead to physical abuse or violence. People who struggle to control their temper may isolate themselves from family and friends, further exacerbating the problem. Some individuals with low self-esteem may use their anger as a way to manipulate others and feel powerful, which can be particularly damaging in relationships.

Career Implications

While some studies suggest that anger can occasionally be beneficial in the workplace, recent research indicates that expressing anger at work often leads to negative outcomes. Contrary to the belief that anger expressions can help gain status, workers who express anger are often penalized rather than rewarded.

Key findings regarding anger in the workplace include:

1. Workers who express anger are judged as less competent.
2. Anger expressions are perceived as inappropriate, cold, an overreaction, and counter-instrumental for workplace goals.
3. Angry workers are conferred less status relative to sad and emotionless workers.
4. Participants perceive angry workers as less warm than sad and emotionless workers.
5. Anger expressions are viewed as significantly more inappropriate and more of an overreaction than sadness expressions.

These findings suggest that uncontrolled anger can have serious implications for career advancement and workplace relationships. Mismanaged anger can lead to impulsive choices, ending professional relationships over minor issues, and creating a negative work environment.

In conclusion, the physical and emotional toll of uncontrolled anger is significant and multifaceted. From health issues to damaged relationships and career setbacks, the consequences of mismanaged anger underscore the importance of developing effective anger management strategies.

Key Principles of Anger Management Consulting

Self-Awareness

Self-awareness is a fundamental principle in anger management. It refers to the ability to recognize and understand one’s own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This skill is crucial for individuals seeking to control their anger effectively. By developing self-awareness, people can identify what triggers their anger and how it manifests in their body and mind.

Emotional self-awareness is a key component of emotional intelligence. It serves as the foundation for managing emotions, including anger. When individuals become more self-aware, they can recognize the physical signs of anger, such as tension in the neck or increased heart rate. This awareness allows them to pause and reflect before reacting impulsively.

Self-awareness also helps people differentiate between various levels of anger, from mild annoyance to full-blown fury. This distinction is crucial for choosing appropriate responses to different situations. Moreover, self-awareness increases empathy and compassion towards others, reducing the likelihood of misinterpreting others’ actions as provocative.

Emotional Regulation

Emotional regulation is the process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express these feelings. It is a critical skill in anger management, as it helps people maintain control over their emotional responses.

There are several strategies for emotional regulation:

1. Cognitive reappraisal: This involves changing how one thinks about a situation to alter their emotional response. It is a key component of therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
2. Creating space: When feeling angry, it’s beneficial to take a step back from the situation. This pause allows time for the body’s physiological response to calm down, which can take up to 20 minutes.
3. Mindfulness: Practicing mindfulness helps individuals stay present and aware of their emotions without judgment. This can prevent anger from escalating and allow for more thoughtful responses.
4. Self-soothing: Engaging in calming activities like deep breathing, meditation, or progressive muscle relaxation can help reduce the intensity of anger.
5. Attentional control: This involves redirecting attention away from anger-inducing stimuli and focusing on more positive aspects of a situation.

Healthy Expression

While anger is a normal emotion, it’s crucial to express it in healthy ways. Healthy expression of anger involves communicating feelings assertively without causing harm or distress to oneself or others.

Key principles for healthy expression of anger include:

1. Assertive communication: This involves expressing oneself clearly and respectfully while considering the feelings of others. It’s about finding a balance between standing up for oneself and respecting others’ perspectives.
2. Using “I” statements: Instead of blaming or accusing others, focus on expressing personal feelings and needs.
3. Taking breaks: If a conversation becomes heated, it’s beneficial to suggest taking a break and returning to the discussion when emotions have settled.
4. Physical outlets: While intense exercise isn’t recommended when angry, gentle physical activities like yoga or walking can help release tension.
5. Seeking support: Talking to a trusted friend, family member, or professional can provide perspective and help in processing anger.

By incorporating these principles of self-awareness, emotional regulation, and healthy expression, individuals can develop more effective anger management skills. These strategies enable people to respond to anger-inducing situations in a controlled and constructive manner, leading to better personal relationships and overall well-being.

Anger Management Techniques and Strategies

Deep Breathing Exercises

Deep breathing exercises are powerful tools for managing anger and promoting relaxation. These techniques work by activating the body’s relaxation response, which can help calm the nervous system and reduce the intensity of anger. One effective method is the 4-7-8 technique, which involves inhaling quietly through the nose for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 7 seconds, and exhaling completely through the mouth for 8 seconds.

Another useful technique is Box Breathing, often used by Navy SEALs to maintain focus under extreme stress. This method involves inhaling for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 4 seconds, exhaling for 4 seconds, and holding the empty breath for 4 seconds. Deep abdominal breathing is also effective, engaging the diaphragm to promote relaxation.

These breathing exercises can be applied in various real-world situations, such as during heated conversations or moments of frustration at work. By incorporating these techniques into daily routines, individuals can develop a quick and portable method to manage anger as it arises.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is an exercise that reduces stress and anxiety by systematically tensing and relaxing different muscle groups. This technique can provide immediate relief and, with practice, help individuals become more aware of tension in their bodies.

To practice PMR, individuals should focus on tensing each muscle group without straining, holding the tension for about 5 seconds, and then releasing it. The process typically starts with the feet and moves upward through the body, including the legs, stomach, chest, back, arms, neck, and face. For example, to relax the feet, one would curl their toes and arch their foot, hold the tension, and then release it, paying attention to the feeling of relaxation. This process is repeated for each muscle group, culminating in tensing the entire body and then releasing all tension.

Cognitive Restructuring

Cognitive restructuring is a technique that focuses on identifying and challenging negative thought patterns associated with anger. This approach is based on the premise that our instinctive thoughts influence our emotions and behaviors. Common cognitive distortions related to anger include all-or-nothing thinking, personalization, catastrophizing, and mind reading. By recognizing these distortions, individuals can work on reframing their thoughts to promote healthier perspectives.

Techniques for implementing cognitive restructuring include:

1. Thought Records: Documenting situations that trigger anger, the associated thoughts, and alternative interpretations.
2. Socratic Questioning: Asking oneself probing questions to challenge irrational beliefs.
3. Positive Affirmations: Using self-affirming statements to counter negative self-talk.

By incorporating these anger management techniques and strategies, individuals can develop more effective ways to respond to anger-provoking situations. Regular practice of deep breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation, and cognitive restructuring can lead to improved emotional regulation and overall well-being.

Recognizing When to Seek Professional Help

Signs You Need Additional Support

Sometimes, anger can get out of hand and start affecting your daily life and relationships. If you find that your anger is causing problems at home, work, or school, it might be time to seek help. Feeling constantly irritated or having frequent outbursts are signs that you may need extra support. It’s important to recognize these signs early to prevent further issues.

Types of Professional Help Available

There are different types of professional help available for managing anger. You can talk to a therapist, join anger management classes, or even participate in group therapy sessions. Each option offers unique benefits, and a professional can help you decide which is best for you. Therapy can provide a safe space to explore your feelings and learn new ways to cope with anger.

How to Choose the Right Therapist

Choosing the right therapist is crucial for effective anger management consulting. Look for someone who specializes in anger issues and has experience helping others with similar problems. It’s also important to feel comfortable with your therapist, as this will make it easier to open up and work through your anger. Don’t hesitate to ask questions about their approach and methods to ensure they are a good fit for you.

The Role of Professional Anger Management Consulting

Professional anger management consulting plays a crucial role in helping individuals develop effective strategies to control their emotions and improve their overall well-being. Recognizing when to seek professional help is a critical step in managing anger effectively. It is essential to understand that reaching out for professional assistance is a sign of self-awareness and a proactive approach to mental health.

Benefits of Working with a Consultant

Anger management counseling offers a multitude of advantages for individuals struggling to regulate their emotional responses. Engaging in anger management courses under the guidance of a trained psychologist can lead to a transformative journey towards constructive stress response and emotional well-being. The acquisition of anger management skills through counseling can positively influence various aspects of life, including personal relationships and professional interactions.

Participants often report a sense of relief and improved mental health following each counseling session. The structured environment of counseling provides a safe space to explore underlying causes of anger and to practice new techniques for managing intense emotions. The benefits of anger management consulting are not limited to moments of distress but extend to fostering a more harmonious daily existence.

What to Expect in Sessions

Anger management consulting classes are psychoeducation interventions that focus on helping people learn how to identify anger triggers and manage complicated feelings in a healthy, productive way. While there are many different ways a class might be led, anger management classes aim to teach people the skills they need to regulate their emotions and calm themselves down.

Usually, a trained instructor walks participants through a series of anger management strategies. Then, armed with new strategies participants can work to diminish their aggressive behavior and reduce the anger in their daily lives. The cognitive behavioral approach to anger management involves teaching participants how to recognize the warning signs that their anger is rising. Participants are also taught relaxation strategies, like deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, and calming techniques or how to make behavioral changes. They’re also taught how to change the thoughts that fuel their angry feelings, which are the cognitive changes they will make.

Depending on the type of curriculum and the needs of the group, anger management classes may range from eight sessions to 28 sessions. Classes usually take place on a weekly basis and they are usually one to two hours in length. Usually, members are given a workbook with weekly homework assignments. These assignments give participants an opportunity to practice the skills they’ve learned.

Finding the Right Consultant

When seeking professional help for anger management, it’s important to choose the right consultant. If you are looking solely for anger management assistance, choose a mental health provider such as a psychotherapist or psychologist. It’s worth noting that there isn’t an effective medication for anger management.
The pursuit of Anger Management Certification is a commendable step for professionals who aim to specialize in this critical area of mental health. Our Anger Management Consulting Certification offers a comprehensive program (as discussed in a previous article) aligns with both academic and professional goals. The Anger Management certification equips individuals with the necessary skills to effectively manage and consult on anger-related issues, fostering better stress management and coping strategies.

Professionals who complete this certification will be well-prepared to address a range of anger management challenges, ensuring they can provide high-quality support and interventions. When searching for a consultant, look for therapists who specialize in anger management. Remember, the goal is to find a professional who can help you understand the roots of your anger and develop effective coping strategies tailored to your individual needs.

Developing New Communication Skills

Effective communication is crucial for managing anger and improving relationships. By developing new communication skills, individuals can express themselves more clearly and resolve conflicts constructively. This section explores three essential communication techniques: active listening, using “I” statements, and assertiveness training.

Active Listening

Active listening is a fundamental communication skill that involves fully engaging with the speaker and seeking to understand their message. It goes beyond simply hearing words and requires the listener to be present, attentive, and responsive. By practicing active listening, individuals can improve their relationships, both personal and professional.

Key components of active listening include:

1. Being fully present in the conversation
2. Maintaining eye contact and using appropriate body language
3. Noticing and interpreting non-verbal cues
4. Asking open-ended questions to encourage further responses
5. Paraphrasing and reflecting back what has been said
6. Withholding judgment and advice

Active listening helps build empathy and trust, making the speaker feel heard and valued. In the workplace, it can lead to clearer communication, better problem-solving, and more effective collaboration. Research suggests that demand for social and emotional skills, including active listening, is projected to grow by more than 20 percent across all industries between 2016 and 2030.

Using “I” Statements

“I” statements are a powerful communication tool that allows individuals to express their thoughts, feelings, and needs without blaming or attacking others. This technique focuses on the speaker’s own experiences and emotions, reducing the likelihood of provoking defensiveness or hostility in the listener.

The basic structure of an “I” statement includes:

1. Observation: “When you…”
2. Feeling: “I feel…”
3. Need: “Because…”
4. Preference: “I would prefer that…”

For example, instead of saying, “You never listen to anyone,” one could say, “I feel that my concerns are not being heard”. This approach helps create opportunities for constructive dialog and conflict resolution.

Research has shown that I-language is less likely to produce defensive reactions in message recipients compared to you-language, particularly when it includes both self and other communicated perspectives. By incorporating both points of view, speakers can foster a greater sense of mutual understanding and openness.

Assertiveness Training

Assertiveness is the ability to express oneself directly and honestly while respecting the rights and dignity of others. It strikes a balance between passive and aggressive communication styles, allowing individuals to advocate for their needs without infringing on others’ rights.
Assertiveness training can be beneficial for those struggling with depression, social anxiety, or unexpressed anger.

It focuses on developing both verbal and nonverbal communication skills, including:

1. Expressing requests, feelings, opinions, and limits
2. Maintaining appropriate eye contact, posture, and tone of voice
3. Practicing active listening and empathy

Specific techniques taught in assertiveness training include:

• The broken-record technique: Useful for situations where another person is not acknowledging your message
• Fogging: A method for denying requests or disagreeing while still respecting the other person’s position

By developing assertiveness skills, individuals can take control of challenging situations and transform conflicts into opportunities for resolution. This approach demonstrates respect for oneself and others, leading to more honest and controlled expressions of anger.

As individuals incorporate these new communication skills into their daily lives, they can expect to see improvements in their relationships, emotional well-being, and overall ability to manage anger effectively.

Creating an Anger Management Consulting Action Plan

Creating an effective anger management consulting action plan is crucial for individuals seeking to control their emotions and improve their overall well-being. This plan serves as a roadmap for developing healthier coping mechanisms and enhancing one’s quality of life.

Setting Realistic Goals

The first step in creating an anger management action plan is setting realistic goals. These goals should focus on developing skills necessary to successfully express oneself, take care of oneself, build resilience, tolerate frustration, and maintain a positive outlook. When setting goals, individuals should reflect on the hardest aspects of managing their anger and consider what they could do differently to show more compassion to themselves and others.

To help visualize these goals, individuals can use the Imagining Being Able to Manage Anger worksheet. This tool allows them to picture how their life would look if they were able to get a grip on their anger. The worksheet can be kept and reviewed as a reminder of the client’s goals for managing anger and how their life will improve when they gain that control.

Identifying Support Systems

Identifying and building strong support systems is essential for successful anger management. Social connections provide a network that individuals can rely on during challenging times. Friends, family, and support groups can offer emotional support, practical advice, and a sense of belonging, all of which are crucial for emotional resilience.

For those seeking additional support, there are various resources available:

1. Psychology Today offers an Anger Management Support Group search function to help find local support groups.
2. Aquaholics Anonymous provides a 12-step recovery program with peer-led support groups for managing feelings of anger and rage. They offer online support group options via Zoom or phone.
3. The National Domestic Violence Hotline (1-800-799-SAFE) is available for confidential, non-judgmental advice about anger-related behaviors and steps for getting help.

Tracking Progress

Tracking progress is an essential component of any anger management consulting action plan. It helps individuals become more aware of their anger triggers and monitor the effectiveness of their coping mechanisms. By regularly assessing their progress, individuals can identify areas for improvement and celebrate their successes.
Some effective tools for tracking progress include:

1. Anger awareness and monitoring techniques: These helps develop an understanding of one’s anger triggers, physiological responses, and behavioral reactions. Recognizing early signs of anger escalation allows for timely intervention.
2. Journaling: Keeping a record of anger episodes, their triggers, and the coping strategies used can provide valuable insights into patterns and progress over time.
3. Regular check-ins with a therapist or support group: These sessions can offer objective feedback and guidance on one’s anger management consulting journey.

By consistently implementing these strategies and regularly reviewing their action plan, individuals can make significant strides in managing their anger and improving their overall emotional well-being.

The Impact of Uncontrolled Anger

Effects on Personal Relationships

Uncontrolled anger can seriously damage personal relationships. When anger is expressed in a harmful way, it can leave lasting scars on the people you care about. Explosive anger makes it hard for others to trust you or feel comfortable around you. This can lead to a breakdown in communication and create a toxic environment, especially for children who may feel scared or confused.

Consequences for Physical Health

Constant anger can take a toll on your physical health. When you’re always angry, your body is in a state of high stress, which can lead to heart disease, high blood pressure, and even diabetes. Your immune system can weaken, making you more prone to illnesses. It’s important to manage anger to keep your body healthy.

Legal and Social Ramifications

Uncontrolled anger can also have serious legal and social consequences. Acting out in anger can lead to actions that you might regret, such as physical fights or damaging property. These actions can result in legal trouble, fines, or even jail time. Socially, people may start to avoid you, and you could lose friendships and job opportunities. Managing anger is crucial to avoid these negative outcomes.

Myths and Facts About Anger

Debunking Common Misconceptions

Many people believe that venting anger is healthy, but this is not true. Letting out anger in an aggressive way can actually make things worse. It can fuel the fire and make you even angrier. Instead, it’s better to find calm ways to deal with your feelings.

Understanding Healthy Anger

Anger itself is not bad. It’s a normal emotion that everyone feels. The key is to express it in a way that doesn’t hurt you or others. Learning to manage anger can help you communicate better and solve problems more effectively.

The Difference Between Anger and Aggression

It’s important to know that anger and aggression are not the same. Anger is a feeling, while aggression is an action. You can feel angry without acting out aggressively. By understanding this difference, you can find healthier ways to express your emotions.

Conclusion

Anger management consulting has a significant impact on transforming lives by providing individuals with the tools to understand and control their emotions. Through professional guidance, people can develop effective strategies to cope with anger, enhance their communication skills, and resolve conflicts more constructively. This approach leads to improved relationships, better mental and physical health, and increased success in personal and professional endeavors.

To wrap up, the journey of anger management is ongoing, requiring commitment and practice to implement newly learned techniques in daily life. By creating a personalized action plan, setting realistic goals, and consistently tracking progress, individuals can make substantial strides in managing their anger effectively. With the right support and dedication, anyone can learn to handle their emotions in a healthier way, leading to a more fulfilling and balanced life.

Interested in become an Anger Management Consultant with AIHCP? We offer a completely online Anger Management Specialist Certification Program. It consists of 5 online anger management consulting courses you would need to complete. Once they finished, you could then apply to become certified in Anger Management Consulting. For full information about our Anger Management Certification program, please go here.

FAQs

What are common triggers for anger?
Common triggers for anger can include stress, frustration, feeling misunderstood, or experiencing unfair treatment. Sometimes, past experiences and personal issues can also play a role.
How can humor help in managing anger?
Using humor can lighten the mood and help you see situations in a less serious light. Making a joke about a mistake, like spilling coffee, can help reduce tension and prevent anger from escalating.
When should someone consider anger management classes?
If your anger is causing problems at work, in your relationships, or with the law, it might be time to seek professional help. Anger management classes can provide strategies to control your anger and improve your life.
What happens in anger management classes?
In anger management classes, you’ll learn about what triggers your anger and how to handle it better. These classes often include group discussions and practical exercises to help manage anger effectively.
Are online anger management classes effective?
Yes, online anger management classes can be effective. They offer flexibility and can be a good option for those who can’t attend in-person sessions. However, they may lack the personal interaction found in face-to-face classes.
Can uncontrolled anger affect your health?
Yes, uncontrolled anger can lead to health problems like high blood pressure, heart disease, and stress-related illnesses. Managing your anger can improve both your mental and physical health.
What are the benefits of managing anger effectively?
Managing anger effectively can lead to numerous advantages, including enhanced relationships, better mental and physical health, increased productivity, and improved self-esteem. Although it’s not possible to never feel angry, mastering healthy ways to handle anger is essential for leading a fulfilling and successful life.
How does practicing anger management affect the wider community?
Anger management programs benefit not only the individual but also the entire community. Participants in these programs contribute to a more peaceful and cooperative society by learning to resolve conflicts peacefully, express themselves assertively, and handle challenging situations without resorting to violence.
In what ways can anger management be helpful?
Anger management techniques can help reduce stress, boost self-confidence, and enhance interpersonal relationships. Managing anger can be challenging as it often involves controlling both words and actions in situations perceived as unfair or unjust.
Is it possible for someone with anger management issues to undergo a transformation?
Yes, individuals who experience chronic anger or occasional anger outbursts can change by learning to identify and manage their emotions effectively. Acquiring these skills can facilitate personal growth and significant behavioral changes.

Research Articles:

Effects of the Anger Management Program for Nurses. Kyoungsun Yun, Et Al. Asian Nursing Research, Volume 15, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 247-254, ISSN 1976-1317
Access link here

Effectiveness of anger management program on anger level, problem solving skills, communication skills, and adjustment among school-going adolescents. Anjanappa, Shamala; Et Al. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 12(1):90, March 2023.
Access link here

Difficult to change? The differences between successful and not-so-successful participation in anger management groups. Gary Shepherd, Matthew Cant. Counseling and Psychotherapy Research. First published: 01 November 2019
Access link here

Anger and Stress Management Techniques for Successful Educational Leadership. Osias Kit T. Kilag, Et Al. (2023). International Journal of Scientific Multidisciplinary Research, 1(9), 1103–1118.
Access link here

Counseling and Attending the Client Video

Posted on July 31, 2024July 31, 2024 by Mark Moran

Counselors study psychology, various therapies and devote themselves to understanding the science of the mind and behavior, but if the counselor is unable to communicate and attend the client properly, then the knowledge is useless. Counseling hence is also an art. Counselors must possess interpersonal skills that allow them to help their clients. Various micro skills help the counselor attend the client. Basic fundamentals of attending include empathetic listening, observation skills, and appropriate responses. This forms the foundation of the counselor and client relationship and allows therapy to flourish.

Attending the client refers to basic skills involving listening and observing. Please also review AIHCP’s behavioral health certifications, as well as AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous behavioral health and healthcare certifications in Grief Counseling, Crisis Counseling, Christian Counseling, Spiritual Counseling, Anger Management, Life Coaching and Stress Management. The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.

Please review the video below

Rogerian Approach in Counseling with Depression

Posted on June 28, 2024June 28, 2024 by Dominick Flarey

Carl Rogers, the famous psychologist and counselor, in the 1950s presented a far different approach than past Freudian psychological views that emphasized psycho-analysis and subconscious treatments. Like others, he wanted to approach counseling and the patient differently. He emphasized a more Humanistic approach that involved patient or client-centered therapies that addressed the feelings that existed now within the client. In an earlier blog, AIHCP discusses in a broader stroke the Humanistic approach to grief and counseling, but in this short blog, we will instead focus more solely on Rogerian concepts in helping individuals express feelings, in particular feelings associated with depression. Please also review AIHCP’s numerous counseling certifications for Human Service professionals.

Rogerian Theory

While Cognitive Behavioral Therapy looks to restructure and reframe illogical and negative emotional schemas with healthy and positive thoughts to alter behavior, Rogerian approaches look to address the the feelings of the client him/herself with unconditional love, genuineness, empathy and support. It looks to transform and strengthen the person. The term “client” is utilized instead of “patient” to remove stigmas that the person is sick or ill but merely needs love and guidance for life altering change. The counselor guides the client but the client ultimately has more control in the sessions and is able to express and discuss his/her feelings within a far less structured environment. Narrative is key. The counselor does not look to confront, but to listen.

Rogerian approaches in counseling are client centered and focuses in an empathetic and non-judgmental way the feelings of the client. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

Roger’s goal was to help the client reach self-actualization of what the person can become through a process of helping the client see him/herself as he/she is, wishes to be and how to become. Within this, a client learns to discover one’s self worth. The counselor also helps the client distinguish between self image and real image and how to reach the ideal image. When dealing with many individuals suffering with depression, self worth is something that is greatly damaged. Many depressed individuals feel they have very little worth or value. Whether this is due to something that occurred or merely depression without correlation to direct loss, the person feels a blanket of darkness over him/herself. Allowing the client to express these emotions, both positive and negative are key in Rogerian approaches. The counselor listens to these concerns with congruence and empathy, allowing the client to express and discuss the sadness and low self worth. The counselor helps the client direct the session into accurately describing how he/she feels and also views oneself. Many who are depressed also possess a very low self image. In many cases, this self image is not properly balanced with reality. Various distortions will emerge that are tied to the person’s feelings. It is not necessarily the role of the Rogerian approach to reframe these immediate concerns as in CBT, but to help the client understand the feelings and empathetically listen and restate these feelings to help the client re-discover where this false self image and true image lie. The counselor’s ultimate goal is help the client find a genuine understanding of his/her real self despite feelings. The counselor then looks to help the client find the ideal self. In this way, one’s self image and ideal self can become congruent and tied together.

Once congruence is established where the depressed individual is able to find self image and ideal image as a true reality, Rogers speaks of the possibility of self actualization where the person is able to thrive and exist again in an emotionally healthy way. Rogers listed five particular qualities of a fully functioning person who has tied self image and ideal together via self actualization. First, he pointed out that the person is open again to new experiences. Many depressed individuals are afraid to move on or seek out new things. A healthy functioning individual is able to seek out and find new meanings through new experiences. Second, Rogers spoke of existential living, where the person lives in the present and is able to experience the present in new fresh ways without prejudice or fear of the past. Many times, depressed individuals cannot untie themselves from the past and are unable to experience the present. Third, Rogers remarked that those who are functioning at a healthy level trust their feelings. Individuals are able to make decisions with certitude without doubt and not second guess oneself. Depressed individuals usually labor with decisions and fear what others may think or if they may fail. Fourth, Rogers pointed out that individuals should be creative without fear and able to move forward and share thoughts and ideas without fear of fallout from others. Depressed individuals lack the confidence to create or stand out. Finally, Rogers illustrated the idea of a fulfilled life where an individual is able to live life to its fullest. The person is able to find satisfaction in decisions, goals and challenges. Depressed individuals are unable to find joy in little things, much less have the energy for goals or the ability to face challenges.

These five qualities of a fully functional person are critical to overcoming the depressed state. When individuals are able to express these points within life, then they are again functional and free of the dark grip of depression. We will now in the next half of the blog look at how to implement Rogerian concepts and put them into practice. This will involve reviewing and understanding the basics of client-centered attending and responding skills.

Rogerian Practice

It is once congruence occurs and emotions are faced that the client is able to reach this type of fulfillment. The long process of helping the client discover this congruence and self-actualization is the key . While those who study the Rogerian approach understand the theory, it is the practical approach from person to person that is key.

Attending and Responding Skills are imperative in Rogerian Counseling. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

The counselor within the Rogerian approach utilizes a variety of micro counseling skills discussed in previous AIHCP blogs. Within Rogerian practice, basic attending skills are critical in helping the client discuss emotions and properly relate those emotions back. The counselor attends the client with empathetic listening. Rogers believed that genuine and empathetic listening was the first key in learning the story of the client. This involved active and intense focus on the client. The counselor should not only listen but show intense interest via eye contact, gestures, and physical positioning. In regards to response, the counselor looks not to judge the feelings of the client, but instead to restate or paraphrase them to the client. This helps the client not only understand that the counselor is listening but also to hear these feelings out loud. Sometimes, speaking about negative feelings also needs hearing them back to begin to decipher the false reality of those negative feelings. In essence, the empathetic approach of active listening and responding creates not only trust between client and counselor but also creates a safe zone where the client is able to fully express inner feelings. The counselor helps create this environment through multiple sessions and active and empathetic support for the client. The client feels he/she exists in a safe zone where no judgement or confrontation exists. It allows the client to take center stage and control and with the help of the counselor, unravel the negative emotions and find the real and possible ideal self that depression has hidden from the client. Rogers refers to this type of empathetic environment as one of unconditional love. It is place where feelings are not questioned or given positive or negative value, but only spoken about and understood within the context of the session. The counselor helps foster this environment because the counselor is not judging or giving qualitive value to the feelings. Instead the counselor is allowing the client to direct and discover value to the feelings.

Hence, how the counselor presents him/herself, listens, responds and creates a safe environment is critical to the success of Rogerian approaches. While the practice itself takes more time, seems unstructured, and is more about the now of emotion, it does have success with many patients facing depression and negative emotions. Obviously, sometimes supplemental approaches may be need introduced, as well as pharmaceutical remedies when issues beyond behavior exist such as neurological or hormonal, but overall, Rogerian approaches are very common place in counseling. The humanistic approach is very classical and non evasive for many individuals with already low self esteem issues that feel an abundance of negative emotions.

Those facing loss and depression need an empathetic ear and voice to help them heal. The emotional release and discussion of issues is a key part of grief healing. Through these discussions and release of emotions, the client can begin much of the grief work required that goes through the various emotional stages of denial, emotion, anger, and bargaining. The grief counselor utilizing Rogerian approaches will be able to listen as the person works through his/her grief and also notate any maladaptive emotions such as guilt that may appear. Through a non judgement zone, the counselor will be able to help the person come to grips with these emotions and help the person self-actualize beyond the loss or depression and find new hope.

Conclusion

Rogers client-centered care in the 1950s revolutionized counseling and forever changed how counselors approached clients. Humanistic approaches are in many ways the classical counseling sessions that individuals imagine where one speaks of feelings and the counselor paraphrases and asks how this makes one feel? It directly and openly deals with emotion without judgement and with complete empathy. This is a very important aspect to consider when dealing with depressed populations who may not be ready to deal with confrontations in counseling or face fast changes. Instead, the Rogerian approach gives the client control to discuss feelings and work them out. It slowly helps the client sort out negative feelings and replace them with positive vibes. The key is to help the client move forward in a productive and healthy life style that is congruent and true to self.

The counselor utilizes different micro counseling skills. The counselor refrains from direct reframing, or empathetic confrontations that may upset the client. Instead the counselor becomes more passive in direction and gently moves the client through good attending and responding skills that create a safe and no judgement zone. Depressed individuals, especially, need this type of environment to regain their voice and ability to move forward.

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous Human Service related certifications in counseling ranging from just not grief but also from stress to anger and crisis to spiritual counseling

Ultimately, as counseling continues, different techniques may need added to fit particular clients, or maybe even the necessity of medication, but overall, the initial Rogerian approaches will help the client feel safe and help form a strong bond between counselor and client.

If you would like to learn more about grief counseling, then please review the American Academy of Grief Counseling’s certification program in Grief Counseling. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification as a grief counselor. AIHCP certified both pastoral counselors as well as clinical counselors. Bear in mind, certified grief counselors who are not licensed or clinical do face restrictions in what therapies they may utilize as well as treating complicated versions of grief that lead down trajectories that include depression.

AIHCP also offers a broad range of other Human Service counseling certifications that revolve around Anger Management, Crisis Intervention, Stress Management and both Spiritual Counseling and Christian Counseling.

References and Additional Resources

Mcleod, S. (2024). “Carl Rogers Humanistic Theory And Contribution To Psychology”. Simple Psychology. Access here

Bottaro, A. (2024). “Everything to Know About Person-Centered Therapy”. Very Well Health. Access here

Joseph, S. (2015). “Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Approach”. Psychology Today. Access here

Hopper, E. (2018). “An Introduction to Rogerian Therapy”. Thoughtco. Access here

Miller, K. (2019). “Carl Rogers’s Actualizing Tendency: Your Ultimate Guide”. Positive Psychology. Access here