The fear of monsters is more common than thought and while it stems from childhood experiences and unresolved trauma, it can also manifest in adults. This video takes a closer look at the fear of monsters.
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When a person is confronted with a life and death situation, the body responds with a fight, flight, or freeze response. Other responses can include fawning, or complete total shutdown of the body. These behavioral responses to stressors, life altering events, or trauma in forms of abuse or loss correlate with inner workings of the sympathetic nervous system which activates the body to respond. While in the acute phase of reaction to threats, this evolutionary reaction system is good and beneficial but when trauma becomes stuck and unresolved resulting in constant hyperarousal or hypoarousal manifested in PTSD, then it can become pathological and require intense therapy to resolve the unresolved trauma. This article will review the inner workings of trauma response within the brain and why unresolved trauma becomes an issue for some individuals.
Please also review AIHCP’s Healthcare Certifications, especially in Trauma Informed Care, Grief Counseling and Crisis Intervention
All reactions within the body are due to stressors. When something is perceived as a threat, the body responds. This fear circuitry promotes safety and survival (Evans, 2014, p. 20). The old part of the brain is the emotional part and possesses the feelings while the newer more evolved part of the brain processes the feelings from an intellectual perspective. Both these processes interact in stress response over riding each other. The primary reactions to stress include the autonomic nervous system which activates the sympathetic for fight or flight, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which releases hormones and cortisol for stress response and the limbic system of the brain which processes threats and emotions during a threat.
Evans notes that the fear response to threats is a crucial part of human survival and the process in which human beings react to fear in the brain is essential (2014, p. 21). Unfortunately, some events are not processed properly in the moment due to extreme emotional imprinting and this leads to unresolved issues.
In any fear, terror, or stress moment, the brain analyzes the threat. Within seconds, the sympathetic nervous system is activated to the perceived threat. The body releases norepinephrine and epinephrine , also known as noradrenaline and adrenaline into the body. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland also then releases cortisol into the body. This increases blood flow and heart rate, tightens muscles and prepares the body for fight or flight. In turn the amygdala processes these emotions and stores them. While the amygdala is operating, the prefrontal cortex or thinking part of the brain is less active. Once the threat is distinguished, the body is supposed to return to a base line state. Evans refers to this process as fear extinction (2014, p., 21). Individuals who continue to experience heightened fear responses when the threat is no longer an issue exist in a state of dysfunction with unresolved trauma since the brain cannot tell the difference between the memory and current non-threatening state.
Key to stress response are three key parts of the brain. This includes the hippocampus, the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex which make up the limbic system. These three interplay with each other and are key to fear extinction, emotional regulation and cognitive reasoning (Evans, 2014, p. 22). They also play a key role in storing memories from short term to long term storage and differentiating between past and present threats. The hippocampus deals with memory and context. It plays a key role in processing and storing memories and when the hippocampus is in dysfunction this can negatively effect trauma resolution. The amygdala during the stress response also becomes activated. The amydala is the alarm system of the brain. Those with PTSD are said to have a hyperactive amygdala due to unresolved trauma which prevents fear extinction (Evans, 2014, p.24). The pre-frontal cortex which manages cognitive thought, emotional regulation and decision making. It can also become impaired during trauma. When not working, it can lead to subjective fears and lack of emotional regulation and loss of rationale. Under normal circumstances, fear is extinguished and the body returns to a normal state via the hippocampus processing the context of here and then, the prefrontal cortex processing the event, and the amygdala activation decreasing. In cases when trauma is unresolved, the hippocampus is unable to process the here and now, while the amygdala remains hyperactivated, preventing the prefrontal cortex from processing the event. This hinders the ability of the hippocampus to store the memory properly in the past and the hyperactivation of the amygdala inhibits the prefrontal cortex from problem solving (Evans, 2014, p. 31-32).
Individuals exposed to extreme cases of pain, loss, abuse, war, or inhumane treatment have the potential for PTSD. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is one of the most common forms of unresolved trauma disorders that individuals face. Once considered only a war time disorder, it now can effect any trauma survivor of abuse, rape, or natural disaster. Yet it is important to note that the same horrific event may be processed by some and not others. Most can process the traumatic event within 3 months, while others may experience prolonged trauma (Evans, 2014, p. 29). Numerous subjective variables about the person’s genetics, brain structure, past trauma, resilient traits and social support all play roles why some persons process trauma without dysfunction and others do. It is not a sign of weakness but merely an inability for a particular case and reason that the brain is unable to properly process the situation. As seen above, this sometimes has much to do with the amygdala and the inability to extinguish the fear.
Due to these issues, hyperarousal or hypoarousal can occur in those with PTSD. This leads to re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance, as well as hyperarousal which can lead to hypervigilance (Evans, 2014.. p. 29). Those with PTSD are unable to regulate emotions when hyperarousal or hypoarousal occur. To learn more about hyperarousal or hypoarousal and emotional regulation, please click here. Whether hypoarousal and its symptoms of numbing, withdraw and dissociation, or hyperarousal and its symptoms of anxiety and hypervigilance, the brain is unable to differentiate the past trauma with current triggers. This can cause flashbacks where the person loses contact with time, or location. Only until the person learns grounding techniques and ways to regulate emotion can he/she find a window of tolerance to experience the event, process it, recreate new neuropathways associated with the memory, and store it long term without unresolved trauma symptoms.
Many counselors utilize exposure therapies such as EMDR, or cognitive therapies such as CBT to help clients and victims revisit and reframe the event in a healthy fashion and learn to process it as well as manage and regulate emotions that can be triggered due to the event.
The purpose of this short article was more so to understand the parts of the brain associated with the stress response and how the brain normally operates to better understand why when it does not operate correctly, one experiences unresolved trauma and PTSD. An overactive amygdala and underactive prefrontal cortex play off each other and cause the inability for the body to continue the process of fear extinction. This causes an inability of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex to properly process, understand and store the memory. While most resolve traumatic experiences within 3 months, some do not. There are many subjective variables as to why one person and not another may experience unresolved trauma. Trauma Informed Care specialists understand the neuroscience behind PTSD and help the client or victim find windows of tolerance and teach them emotional regulation and grounding techniques to heal from cope as well as heal from past trauma.
Please also review AIHCP’s Trauma Informed Care Program as well as its many healthcare certification programs.
Evans, A. & Coccoma, P. (2014).”Trauma Informed Care: How Neuroscience Influences Practice”. Routledge.
“The Neurobiology of Trauma: Understanding the Brain’s Response to Adverse Experiences 2025”. Kaplan Therapy. Access here
“How the Brain Reacts to Stress and Trauma” Science News Today. Access here
Kubala, K. (2021). “The Science Behind PTSD Symptoms: How Trauma Changes the Brain”. PsychCentral. Access here
“Trauma and the Brain: PTSD Brain Diagrams Explained” (2024). NeuroLaunch. Access here
It is only natural for many counselors to become sickened, disgusted, angered, or enraged when discussing trauma with a victim. The stories of abuse against the innocent cry for justice. As counselors, or safe guarders, in many ways, these emotions are important in helping the counselor or social worker become instilled with the desire to find justice of the victim and legal punishment for the perpetrator. Hence, it is natural to feel. Counselors are not robots and as human beings, they can become influenced and effected by the details of the stories of victims. These effects can appear in forms of vicarious trauma, compassion burnout, or even loss of emotional control in a counseling session. As healthcare professionals, it is imperative that counselors, social workers and pastoral caregivers are able to monitor themselves in order to be there for the client/victim. In this article, we look at vicarious trauma, burnout and regulating self and how it is important to identify these things and utilize the skills of regulation in counseling, but also every day life.
Please also review AIHCP’s Healthcare Certifications as well as its Trauma Informed Care program, as well as AIHCP’s Grief Counseling and Crisis Intervention programs.
It falls under the umbrella of vulnerability absorption. Counselors can become affected by their clients and the stories told by them. Within these types of absorption, counselors can face compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma, or burnout. Within compassion fatigue, the trauma and stories of the victim wear down the counselor emotionally. It affects their ability to be empathetic and optimistic in the therapeutic relationship.. Vicarious trauma, on the hand has a different type of reaction to trauma. Vicarious trauma is when a counselor or mental health professional is indirectly affected by the trauma of the client/victim (Compton, 2024, p. 236) but in this type of trauma, the counselor experiences types of post traumatic stress symptoms. It goes beyond the emotional wear of compassion fatigue but also affects the beliefs and behavior of the counselor. Burnout on the other hand does not include the trauma of the victim, but has more to do with large caseload, working long hours and inter stress dynamics at work (Compton, 2024, p. 236). All symptoms of burnout as well as vicarious trauma and compassion fatigue are detrimental to the therapeutic relationship because it weakens the counselor’s ability to actively listen, employ empathy, help the client heal and remain regulated. Some may overlap and also play on each other.
Compton points out that counselors who are more susceptible to vicarious trauma and absorption vulnerability usually have past trauma that is triggered in counseling through the indirect trauma of the client (2024, p. 238). Hence indirect exposure to horrible stories of abuse, one’s own past trauma history and the triggers associated with it can engage within the counselor various trauma responses. Like the client, the counselor can experiences challenges to one’s own beliefs and world views and also cause an existential crisis of faith (Compton, 2024, p. 237). This can later filter into the counselor’s home life causing counselors to either avoid those in need, or to overcompensate with becoming to involved. Overinvolvement and lack of professional boundary can lead the counselor into seeing the client as oneself and lead to clouded vision as well as trying to do too much beyond one’s skill level in some cases.
When hearing horrific stories of abuse, it can be difficult during a session for a counselor to be able to maintain the needed co-regulation for a client. A counselor, like a trauma survivor, can enter into states of hyperarousal or hypoarousal. In other articles, we discussed the nature of hyper and hypoarousal states of the client, but these same states can also affect the counselor in negative ways. In regards to hyperarousal, a counselor may become more irritated, anxious, or upset, while also feeling an increased heart rate as the sympathetic nervous system is activated. Likewise, a counselor may become dissociated, numb or lost due to the reaction of the parasympathetic system. In both cases, the counselor is losing the ability to regulate.
Settling oneself without upsetting the client is key. In the hyperarousal state, the counselor needs to settle and ground oneself by calming the mind through breathing, grounding, or other cognitive exercises that relax the sympathetic nervous system, while in the hypoarousal state, a counselor needs to activate by stimulating the brain or creating movement. Many times, it is encouraged in these activation or settling techniques to discreetly include the client who may well also be experiencing tension. Hence any of deep breathing exercises or cognitive grounding techniques, as well as movement, stretching, or even a cold glass of water can help a counselor and client regain emotional regulation. Many of these grounding techniques and how to utilize them are mentioned in other AIHCP articles. Please click here to review grounding and containment strategies.
While counselors track clients emotional and physical reactions, counselors can also scan their own body for hyper or hypoarousal. Compton recommends scanning one’s own body in intense moments to detect these emotional changes within the body. In addition, Compton recommends evaluating ones subjective unit of distress on a scale of 1 to 10 via the SUDS scale (2024,. p. 249). It is important to understand not only the window of tolerance of one’s client but also oneself. Again, the window of tolerance refers to the optimal time a person is able to discuss trauma in a rational and calm way without triggers activating a fight, flight or freeze response. In charts, the window of tolerance is colored as a green zone, while hyperarousal is dictated a red zone, while hypoarousal is regarded as the gray zone. When in the red zone of hyperarousal, a counselor needs to stop and engage in calming activities, while when in the grey zone of hypoarousal, a counselor needs to activate and arouse the mind and body (Compton, 2024, p. 248-249).
Key regulation, a counselor needs to identify triggers that can cause these reactions. As human beings counselors too have triggers that can cause various reactions to a story or person. Past trauma, one’s own biases, and one’s own way of handling things can cause internal division with the client and it is important to identify these triggers. These triggers can cause issues with providing unconditional positive regard and empathy to the client. In displaying empathy, sometimes, according to Compton, can fall into two categories- self-orientated empathy and others-orientated empathy. In regards to self-orientated empathy, one feels the pain of others but it affects the person directly and impacts their ability to help, while others-orientated empathy allows one to feel but gives the necessary space and distance to help others in suffering (2024, p. 254). To review AIHCP’s previous article on unconditional positive regard and empathy, please click here.
Counselors when they do feel emotions should not dismiss the feeling as bad or good. Emotions, according to Compton, are not dangerous in themselves but a counselor simply needs to allow and notice them but constrain them for the benefit of the client (2024, p. 256-57). In addition, certain stories may also lead rumination or the inability to shake a certain thought or memory that has invaded the mind during counseling. Compton suggest focusing such worries and thoughts to goal solving thoughts (2024, p. 258). Again, emotions and thoughts are natural, but as professionals, one needs to identify them and properly regulate them in counseling.
Counselors, like any caregivers or safe guarders, experience many terrible thing through the stories they hear. The ability to absorb but yet to effectively care is a thin line from falling victim to vicarious traumas. Hence it is so important for counselors to be skilled in self-regulating, but also skilled in understanding professional and emotional boundaries. Counselors need to ensure that their brain and body is able to find the necessary time to heal and rest. Self care is in many ways stewardship of self. It involves understanding that one is not the ultimate solver of all problems and understanding the value of time and how to utilize it for the greatest good. Sometimes, it is the mind that needs the most rest. Allowing the mind freedom from unnecessary trauma or images when away can allow one to find peace at home. Instead images or stories or movies that may invoke triggers should be avoided. Hence according to Compton, it is important to be a steward of one’s mind, body, time and relationships with others. This involves boundaries as well as enjoying the good in life. It can be very difficult to avoid the fog and darkness of abuse and the counselor needs to have balance. Spirituality, hobbies, time off, boundaries, as well as utilization of grounding techniques and the mastery of them is key. Deep breathing, relaxation, meditation, and digesting good and wholesome content is important for counselors to be able to continue to give quality care to each hurt soul
Counseling and safe guarding victims of trauma takes a toll on healthy minds. Positive energy and coregulation of the counselor in the therapeutic relationship can be weakened through vicarious trauma, compassion fatigue or burnout. Hence it is critical to understand one’s own triggers, as well as the ability to regulate one’s emotional responses. Self care is essential to maintain a healthy balance to keep counselors up to the large task of helping victims heal.
Please also review AIHCP’s Trauma Informed Care program, as well as its other Mental and Behavioral Health Certifications.
Compton, L & Patterson, T (2024). “Skills for Safeguarding: A Guide to Preventing Abuse and Fostering Healing in the Church” Intervarsity Press.
Matejko, S. (2022). “What Is Vicarious Trauma?”. PsychCentral. Access here
Luster, R. (2022). “Vicarious Trauma: A Trauma Shared”. Psychology Today. Access here
Empathy is the cornerstone of counseling. Carl Rogers and person centered counseling emphasizes the key element of empathy when in the therapeutic relationship. This video takes a closer look at empathy and its functions in counseling.
Please also review AIHCP’s Healthcare Certification Programs
It is imperative within trauma informed care to be aware of and looking for signs of trauma or abuse in clients. This video looks at some signs of abuse and trauma. Please also review AIHCP’s Trauma Informed Care program, as well as its Crisis Intervention program and Grief Counseling program. AIHCP offers a variety of healthcare certification programs. Please click here
Emotional Healing Process in Counseling
The emotional healing process in counseling is a multifaceted journey that necessitates an understanding of both psychological and therapeutic frameworks. Integral to this process is the recognition of how various therapeutic modalities can facilitate the expression of complex emotions. For instance, the use of film and other artistic mediums has been increasingly acknowledged for their capacity to prompt discussions surrounding difficult topics, offering clients a unique lens through which to explore their feelings more safely. As noted in contemporary studies, such interventions, including psychoeducational approaches, can significantly enhance individuals understanding of mental health issues and their symptoms, fostering improved communication and engagement in therapy (Jones B et al., 2017). This foundation sets the stage for a collaborative therapeutic environment where clients feel empowered to confront and navigate their emotional experiences, ultimately aiding in their journey toward recovery (Amann et al., 2010). Understanding this process is pivotal for counselors aiming to adapt their methods to meet the diverse needs of clients.
Finding emotional healing through counseling. Please also review AIHCP’s Healthcare Certifications
Please also review AIHCP’s healthcare certifications for healthcare professionals and also mental and behavioral health professionals.
A. Definition of emotional healing
Emotional healing can be defined as the process through which individuals address and work through their emotional wounds, ultimately leading to a state of psychological well-being and resilience. This journey involves recognizing one’s emotions, understanding their impacts, and developing coping mechanisms to manage them effectively. Within the counseling context, emotional healing is not merely about alleviating symptoms of distress but encompasses a holistic approach that integrates various therapeutic modalities. Such modalities may include cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness practices, and interpersonal therapies, all of which aim to foster self-awareness and facilitate deeper emotional understanding. As highlighted in recent discussions about counseling psychology, integrating social justice and multicultural competencies into therapeutic practices can enhance emotional healing by acknowledging the diverse backgrounds and experiences of clients (Butler-Byrd et al., 2008). This comprehensive approach ultimately allows individuals to reclaim their emotional health and navigate their lives with renewed strength and perspective (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015).
B. Importance of counseling in the healing process
In the realm of emotional healing, counseling serves as a pivotal component that facilitates recovery and resilience. Through structured dialogue and therapeutic interventions, individuals can explore their feelings and confront unresolved traumas, ultimately leading to greater self-awareness and personal growth. For instance, the psychosocial support provided by organizations like Save the Children underscores the importance of addressing emotional needs in the aftermath of traumatic events, such as natural disasters, where emotional turmoil is prevalent (Prewitt DD et al., 2019). Furthermore, traditional healing practices, as highlighted in recent studies, demonstrate that culturally sensitive approaches can enhance the effectiveness of counseling by integrating familiar rites and community support mechanisms (Hill et al., 2016). This synergy between clinical and traditional methods not only enriches the therapeutic experience but also fosters a sense of belonging and identity, essential elements in the healing journey. Thus, the role of counseling extends beyond mere symptom relief, embodying a holistic approach to emotional recovery.
C. Overview of the essay structure
To effectively convey the complexities of the emotional healing process in counseling, the structure of the essay is pivotal in guiding the reader through the central themes and arguments. Each section serves a distinct purpose: beginning with an introduction that outlines the importance of emotional healing, followed by a literature review that situates current theories within a pluralistic framework, as suggested by the belief that psychological difficulties may arise from multiple causes and thus require diverse therapeutic methods (Cooper et al., 2007). The subsequent analysis of different counseling techniques showcases the practical implications of these frameworks, while the conclusion reflects on the collaborative nature of the counseling relationship, emphasizing the synergy between therapist and client. Such an organized structure not only aids comprehension but also allows for a critical examination of the evolving discourse surrounding emotional healing as a dynamic process within the therapeutic setting (Siegel et al., 2007).
Emotional healing is a complex process that encompasses not only the alleviation of psychological distress but also the restoration of internal balance and self-awareness. This involves a multifaceted exploration of the individual’s emotional landscape, recognizing how feelings can manifest in both psychological and physical ailments, as highlighted in the discussion of holistic health approaches in cancer counseling (Miller et al., 1976). Therapists play a vital role by guiding clients through their feelings, yet they must respect the nuances of each persons belief system and expectations in therapy, as seen in the example of Len, who sought counseling within a Christian context (McMinn et al., 1991). This illustrates the importance of tailoring therapeutic interventions to the clients worldview, ultimately paving the way for a truly integrated healing experience. By fostering an environment that promotes self-reflection and personal responsibility, counselors can significantly facilitate the emotional healing journey for their clients.
Emotional healing is a process like any form of healing that takes time and also recognition of the emotions.
A. The psychological basis of emotional healing
The psychological basis of emotional healing centers on the interplay between emotional awareness and therapeutic processes, which are crucial in counseling. Acknowledging emotions is a foundational step in promoting psychological well-being, as it allows individuals to confront and process their feelings rather than suppress them. Techniques derived from emotion-focused therapy (EFT), for instance, advocate for the integration of emotional experiences into the therapeutic dialogue, enhancing clients emotional regulation and fostering insights into their behavioral patterns (Elliott et al., 2012). The importance of holistic approaches, which encompass various therapeutic modalities, is also emphasized in contemporary discussions surrounding emotional healing. These practices facilitate the acknowledgment of mind-body connections, reinforcing the notion that psychological healing transcends mere cognitive restructuring and includes bodily sensations and physiological responses (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Ultimately, understanding the psychological mechanisms underlying emotional healing is imperative for effectively guiding individuals through their recovery journeys in counseling settings.
B. Stages of emotional healing
The stages of emotional healing are crucial in understanding the complexities of the counseling process and the individuals journey toward recovery. Initially, individuals often experience a profound sense of shock and denial, which can obstruct the path to acceptance and integration of their emotional wounds. As clients progress through the stages, they may encounter feelings of anger or guilt, which need to be processed to promote healing. This emotional turbulence is matched by the emerging realization of personal agency in the healing process, aligning with recent findings that underscore the clients role in therapy. For instance, qualitative studies suggest that clients are actively involved in their therapeutic journey, contributing significantly to the outcome, even in the face of challenges presented by their counselors (Bergin A E et al., 2003). Additionally, modalities like music therapy have proven beneficial, enhancing emotional expression and remembrance, ultimately facilitating deeper healing (Shotts et al., 2018). Understanding these stages allows counselors to tailor interventions that resonate with each unique emotional experience.
C. Factors influencing the healing process
The emotional healing process is profoundly impacted by a multitude of factors that inform both the individual’s psychological state and the counseling environment. One critical element is the quality of therapeutic relationships, as strong, trusting connections between counselor and client can significantly enhance the therapeutic experience and promote healing. Furthermore, individual characteristics such as personality traits, resilience, and prior experiences play an essential role in how clients navigate their emotional struggles. External influences, such as socio-cultural dynamics and access to supportive resources, including peer networks and community engagement, also shape recovery pathways. For instance, a study highlights that students’ consumption behaviors reflect social norms and accessibility, indicating that communal factors can influence personal choices, including those related to emotional well-being (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015), (Nurrahima et al., 2015). Thus, understanding these multifaceted influences can provide counselors with a comprehensive framework for fostering healing and growth in their clients.
The role of the counselor in emotional healing is multifaceted, encompassing various therapeutic strategies that facilitate recovery and personal growth. Counselors serve as supportive guides, creating a safe environment where clients can express their feelings and confront emotional turmoil. In this therapeutic setting, engagement and adherence to ongoing treatment processes are critical, as evidenced by studies indicating that successful recovery often hinges on participation in structured care programs (Foote et al., 2014). Furthermore, integrative therapies, such as family and storytelling approaches, can significantly enhance emotional healing by fostering a sense of belonging and understanding within familial units, particularly in children facing trauma (Desiningrum et al., 2016). Through these methods, counselors not only help individuals navigate their emotional landscapes but also cultivate resilience and coping mechanisms essential for long-term healing. Ultimately, the counselor’s role is pivotal in guiding clients toward achieving a healthier emotional state and improved life satisfaction.
Counselors play a large role in helping healing through the therapeutic relationship
A. Establishing a therapeutic relationship
The establishment of a therapeutic relationship serves as a foundational pillar in the emotional healing process within counseling environments. This relationship is a delicate interplay of trust, compassion, and mutual understanding, fostering an atmosphere where clients feel safe to explore their innermost feelings. The therapist’s role extends beyond mere guidance; it involves creating a setting where clients can articulate their struggles, as exemplified by Len, who revealed critical personal information early in his session due to the perceived shared values of his Christian counselor (McMinn et al., 1991). Furthermore, therapeutic tools such as film have shown potential in aiding this process by offering clients a way to confront and discuss difficult topics more comfortably, thus bridging gaps in communication (Amann et al., 2010). Ultimately, the quality of the therapeutic relationship significantly influences treatment outcomes, helping clients navigate their emotional landscapes effectively.
B. Techniques and approaches used in counseling
Counseling success hinges quite a bit on the techniques and methods used; these are very important for helping people heal emotionally. Integrating film into therapy is one approach gaining traction, acting like a bridge to tough emotional subjects. Counselors use movies to create a secure space, allowing clients to address sensitive issues more freely, which they might otherwise avoid. (Amann et al., 2010). This helps improve communication and offers a reflective outlet, making it easier for clients to look at their experiences. Research also highlights how important active client involvement is these days. Studies show that how well counseling works isn’t just about the therapist’s skill; the client’s engagement and how they see the therapy matter a lot, suggesting a need to rethink what “success” means in this context (Bergin A E et al., 2003). Generally speaking, these components show just how varied and important counseling techniques are for promoting emotional healing.
C. Ethical considerations in the counseling process
Ethical considerations, within counseling’s complex field, are key for emotional healing to occur. Counselors need to put client well-being and independence first. They have to make sure the client feels secure and valued throughout the therapy. This means knowing how much cultural diversity matters, especially when it comes to religion and spirituality, and understanding how these things shape who a person is and what they’ve gone through. Ethical guidelines push counselors to change how they do things. Think about assimilative, accommodative, and collaborative methods that bring spirituality into therapy (McMinn et al., 2012). And, tools such as movies can be a healing method enabling clients to participate in difficult topics; encouraging reflection (Amann et al., 2010). Navigating these complexities, counselors boost their professional image and add significantly to a clients emotional road to recovery.
Embarking on the emotional healing journey presents real hurdles, doesn’t it? It’s tough for both clients and counselors in therapy. Clients, you see, often come in carrying a lot of emotional baggage, really wanting to get better but also feeling pretty vulnerable and worried about what’s going to happen. Take Len, for example. He was really nervous about talking about his feelings in counseling and felt more comfortable with a Christian counselor. This shows that clients sometimes have fixed ideas about what kind of help they need. These kinds of assumptions? Well, they can actually get in the way of therapy by making it harder to open up and really dig into those emotions (McMinn et al., 1991). Counselors, on the other hand, are trying to juggle integrating social justice and multicultural awareness into what they do. It’s not easy; it means they have to keep learning and working with all kinds of different people (Butler-Byrd et al., 2008). This back-and-forth between what clients are going through personally and what counselors need to do professionally really shows how complicated emotional healing is, highlighting that a really thoughtful approach is necessary in counseling.
Many individuals resist healing due to obstacles they must overcome emotionally and mentally. Please also review AIHCP’s Healthcare certifications
A. Common obstacles faced by clients
Those seeking counseling frequently run into hurdles that might actually slow down their emotional recovery. A big one? Sometimes it’s simply not understanding what therapy is all about. Like Len, many show up with ideas already set in their minds about what counseling should be, especially if their faith plays a significant role (McMinn et al., 1991). Plus, it’s common to feel anxious and exposed, and that feeling makes it hard to really open up to the counselor. Societal stigmas definitely don’t help, making it tough for people to dive fully into therapy. Work stress, rocky relationships — these outside factors can also pull focus away from the therapy itself, showing just how crucial a supportive environment is for feeling better. Addressing these obstacles, and building trust through good communication, is vital for making progress in therapy (Lawson et al., 2019).
B. The impact of trauma on healing
Counseling presents significant hurdles, largely due to the complex dance between trauma and the journey to heal. Trauma, be it from natural disasters, violence between people, or overarching systemic conflicts, doesn’t just upset emotional stability, it also weakens one’s ability to bounce back. Take, for example, events such as Hurricanes Harvey and Maria; psychosocial support is extremely important in helping people, especially kids, deal with emotional chaos and start over (Prewitt DD et al., 2019). In similar fashion, the experience of young people involved in intergroup conflicts creates specific vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities can impede their ability to participate in healing and peacebuilding activities, thus underscoring how necessary trauma-aware strategies are in therapeutic environments (Hester et al., 2016). In helping their clients find emotional healing, therapists need to recognize and address the lasting marks of trauma. Only then can they establish a safe and encouraging space for recovery. To put it another way, trauma’s impact isn’t a minor issue; instead, it’s a major factor that deserves close attention in counseling.
C. Strategies for overcoming challenges
When individuals seek counseling, the path to emotional healing usually involves utilizing diverse methods designed to help them conquer individual hurdles, thereby sparking profound change. A particularly important method is nurturing supportive connections, which can encourage feelings of acceptance and empathy. In fact, peer support, as seen in several studies, shows that engaging with people who’ve gone through similar situations can boost confidence and aid recovery (Murti et al., 2016). Additionally, factoring in a client’s values and belief system within the therapeutic process, especially in Christian counseling, can be essential in building trust and opening the door to self-discovery. Clients such as Len, for instance, have noted how crucial it is that therapy aligns with their faith, demonstrating their need for specialized support that’s in sync with their beliefs (McMinn et al., 1991). Therefore, combining both strong support systems and customized techniques serves as a vital element in successfully handling the emotional struggles involved in a client’s therapeutic journey.
To wrap things up, emotional healing through counseling proves to be intricate, yet essential, calling for understanding and a collaborative spirit from both the counselor and the client. It’s been suggested that clients sometimes come to therapy with established ideas on what it should be like, often looking for something that matches their values. Take, for instance, religious clients, such as Len, who came seeking specific emotional support and a counselor whose beliefs were in sync with his (McMinn et al., 1991). Furthermore, peer support highlights the significance of shared experiences in healing. This underscores individual counseling methods, as well as community and relationships, which can really boost a person’s confidence during their journey (Murti et al., 2016). Recognizing these different aspects is what helps counselors offer better support, encouraging emotional growth and the ability to bounce back in a healing setting.
Please also review AIHCP’s healthcare certifications as well as its mental and behavioral health certifications.
Please also review AIHCP’s Mental and Behavioral Health certifications
A. Summary of key points
To recap, when looking at emotional healing during counseling, what really stands out is how helpful therapy can be in letting people express and understand their feelings. Take Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), for example. It blends ideas from gestalt and humanistic therapies to build a strong, client-focused relationship that values emotional awareness (Elliott, Watson, Goldman & Greenberg, 2004) (Elliott et al., 2012). This approach uses modern ideas about emotion and attachment, which are so important for helping clients heal as they look into and accept their feelings. Then there are influences, like that from Counseling and the Demonic, that really show the tricky parts of emotional healing, making it clear that dealing with the real root of problems can really change how therapy goes (Bufford et al., 1988). Basically, these ideas emphasize how emotional exploration is needed during counseling, and this exploration can really help people change and heal in a big way.
B. The significance of emotional healing in overall well-being
Within the realm of counseling, attending to emotional healing is quite important for boosting general well-being. During therapy, clients can work through their feelings, which could build personal growth and toughness. Studies show that when clients really put effort into their therapy, it’s usually more helpful (Bergin A E et al., 2003). This effort can cause huge changes in how they handle their feelings. Digging deeper into who you are really helps with coping and fixing your relationships. Also, things like movies and art can really help people show and think about their emotions, which in turn helps them heal (Amann et al., 2010). By looking at emotional hurts, people can get mentally healthier and maybe even feel more connected and happy.
C. Future directions for research and practice in counseling
Looking ahead, as counseling changes, we need to focus on new types of therapy that help people heal emotionally. Adventure therapy is one idea that seems to hold promise, with studies indicating it may significantly help people cope better while also fostering improved relationships with their counselors. Evidence suggests these hands-on approaches don’t just lessen stress; they also support the development of good coping mechanisms, really enhancing what counseling offers (Gass et al., 2015). Additionally, working with professionals from other fields — something discussed at recent conferences — may help us see holistic methods in new ways, giving counselors more techniques to use (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Exploring this area allows us to build improved frameworks for deeper emotional healing, leading to life-changing results for people facing emotional difficulties.
Coping vs Healing. Access here
“The 7 Stages of Emotional Healing: A Roadmap to Peace”. Growing Self. Access here
“The Stages of Emotional Healing: Understanding the Journey” (2023). A Beautiful Soul. Access here
“Therapy Explained: Exploring The Therapeutic Process Steps” (2025). Better Help. Access here
Blanchfield, T. (2025). “How to Find Emotional Healing”. Very Well Mind. Access here
Trauma informed care specialists in counseling are aware of the existence of trauma in clients. Sometimes, trauma emerges in counseling. How the counselor or social worker presents oneself is key in helping the victim/survivor feel secure and safe in discussing it. In some cases, counselors may need to help the person ground oneself due to the increase of anxiety and panic when trauma emerges. This video looks at trauma and how to help clients who need help regulating emotion due to unresolved trauma
Please also review AIHCP’s Trauma Informed Care program as well as all of AIHCP’s healthcare certifications.
The journey of coping and healing in counseling presents a complex interplay that is essential for mental health professionals to understand. Coping mechanisms often serve as immediate responses to stressors, providing individuals with tools to manage their emotional turmoil. In contrast, healing involves a deeper, transformative process that fosters emotional growth and resilience over time. This distinction is crucial as therapists guide their clients through various stages of emotional and psychological recovery. Effective counseling strategies should be informed by a solid foundation of current research, such as the findings from the 3rd Java International Nursing Conference, which emphasize the importance of holistic practices in healthcare settings (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Additionally, understanding patient perceptions of communication can enhance therapeutic relationships and ensure that interventions are patient-centered, as demonstrated in studies assessing communication in cancer care (Bann et al., 2017). Recognizing these elements lays the groundwork for examining how coping and healing function together in effective counseling.
A. Definition of coping and healing
Coping and healing represent distinct yet interconnected processes within the realm of mental health and counseling. Coping generally refers to the strategies individuals employ to manage stressors and negative emotions, often functioning as a temporary relief mechanism that allows individuals to navigate daily challenges. In contrast, healing encompasses a more profound transformative process aimed at addressing underlying issues, fostering resilience, and promoting overall well-being. According to research, effective coping strategies can lead to improved emotional regulation and a reduction in psychological distress, which ultimately paves the way for healing (Barlow et al., 2017). Furthermore, healing is often supported by holistic approaches that consider not only psychological but also physical and social dimensions of health, exemplified in holistic nursing practices that aim to enhance the quality of care beyond mere symptom management (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Understanding these dynamics is essential for effective counseling interventions that seek to foster long-lasting change in clients lives.
B. Importance of understanding the distinction in counseling
Recognizing the distinction between coping and healing in counseling is pivotal for both clients and practitioners, as it shapes therapeutic approaches and outcomes. Coping strategies often serve as immediate responses to stressors, providing tools for managing emotions and navigating challenges. In contrast, healing encompasses a deeper process of transformation and personal growth, striving for a resolution that extends beyond mere survival. Understanding these differences allows counselors to tailor interventions that address not only the symptoms of distress but also the underlying issues that impede genuine recovery. Moreover, cultural factors, encompassing how compassion is perceived and expressed, can greatly influence an individuals coping and healing journey. For instance, research suggests that cultural variations can shape responses to suffering, emphasizing positive over negative emotions during counseling interactions (Koopmann-Holm et al., 2017). Thus, fostering awareness of these distinctions is essential for effective practice and client empowerment in the therapeutic setting (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015).
C. Overview of the essay structure
Structuring an essay effectively is crucial for conveying complex ideas clearly, especially in nuanced discussions such as Coping vs Healing in Counseling. The introduction sets the stage by outlining the significance of distinguishing between coping mechanisms and healing processes, briefly summarizing key theoretical frameworks. Following this, the body paragraphs systematically explore the various dimensions of coping strategies, highlighting their immediate, often superficial relief of stress, while contrasting them with healing approaches that promote deeper emotional resilience and transformative growth. Each section draws on empirical evidence and theoretical insights to substantiate claims, such as those illustrated in the literature regarding parental responses to disability as a framework for understanding emotional adaptations (Allred et al., 2012). Finally, the conclusion synthesizes the main arguments, reinforcing how understanding these distinctions can enhance counseling practices, echoing findings from clinical sociological perspectives that emphasize the importance of support in navigating emotional challenges (Ventimiglia et al., 1986).
Coping is a vital psychological process that individuals employ in response to stressors, functioning as a bridge between the challenges faced and the desired resolution of those challenges. It encompasses a variety of strategies that can be categorized into problem-focused and emotion-focused approaches; the former aims to tackle the source of stress directly, while the latter seeks to alleviate the emotional distress associated with it. Research has indicated that effective coping mechanisms can significantly enhance an individual’s overall mental health and well-being, influencing outcomes in both personal and communal contexts (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Moreover, understanding the concept of coping is particularly crucial in counseling practices, as counselors can tailor interventions based on clients’ coping styles. By fostering adaptive coping strategies, counselors can empower individuals to navigate their emotional landscapes more effectively, ultimately distinguishing coping from the deeper transformational process of healing (Adejumo et al., 2018).
Another key thing to remember is not all coping is good. Maladaptive coping to numb emotion or avoid situations can lead to isolation, drugs and alcohol, sexual risks and overall risk taking. It is important for counselors to instill healthy coping mechanisms that lead to long term healing.
A. Definition and characteristics of coping mechanisms
Coping mechanisms are defined as cognitive and behavioral strategies that individuals employ to manage stressors and emotional challenges (Conway et al.). They can be broadly categorized into problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies. Problem-focused coping aims to directly address the stressor, thereby reducing its impact, while emotion-focused coping seeks to regulate the emotional distress associated with the stressor (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Characteristics of effective coping mechanisms include flexibility, adaptability to situational demands, and the ability to foster resilience. Ineffective coping, on the other hand, often results in avoidance or denial, which may exacerbate the emotional turmoil over time. In the context of counseling, understanding these mechanisms is crucial, as it helps practitioners guide clients toward healthier strategies for coping, ultimately enhancing their journey towards healing. By facilitating the development of adaptive coping skills, counselors can support individuals in navigating their emotional landscapes and promote overall psychological well-being.
B. Types of coping strategies (e.g., problem-focused vs. emotion-focused)
Coping strategies play a pivotal role in how individuals manage stress and trauma, with two primary types—problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies—exerting distinct influences on psychological outcomes. Problem-focused coping emphasizes practical solutions aimed at addressing the source of stress, thus fostering a sense of control and potential resolution. In contrast, emotion-focused coping prioritizes emotional regulation and psychological comfort, often through acceptance or avoidance, which can be particularly beneficial when the stressor is beyond a persons control. Research underscores the value of both strategies, suggesting that effective coping can lead to positive growth and resilience after loss, intricately linking coping with healing processes in counseling settings (Morgan et al., 2016). Moreover, recent meta-analyses have highlighted the effectiveness of humanistic-experiential psychotherapy in facilitating emotion-focused coping, offering integrative approaches that encompass narrative reconstruction and spiritual engagement as part of therapeutic interventions (Elliott et al., 2013). This dynamic interplay between coping strategies and healing underlines the complexity of therapeutic practices in supporting client adjustment.
C. Role of coping in short-term emotional management
Effective coping strategies play a crucial role in managing short-term emotional distress, particularly in counseling contexts where immediate emotional relief is necessary. The ability to effectively cope can mitigate the immediate impact of stressors, allowing individuals to regain a sense of stability and focus on healing processes. Coping mechanisms, whether they are problem-focused strategies or emotion-focused approaches, serve to buffer the psychological impact of adverse experiences. For instance, the employment of complementary therapies, such as mindfulness or music therapy, has been shown to enhance emotional management in short bursts, as highlighted in research regarding holistic nursing practices and complementary therapies (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Additionally, systematic reviews of humanistic-experiential psychotherapy outcomes indicate that these coping strategies can facilitate emotional regulation and adjustment, paving the way for deeper healing in the long term (Elliott et al., 2013). Thus, a nuanced understanding of coping is essential for effective short-term emotional management in counseling settings.
Understanding the concept of healing is essential in the context of counseling, as it differentiates itself from mere coping mechanisms. Healing encompasses a profound transformation that integrates emotional, psychological, and physical wellness, fostering a more holistic recovery from trauma or distress. Unlike coping, which often emphasizes temporary relief, healing involves engaging with ones experiences to cultivate resilience and personal growth. For instance, initiatives such as those discussed at the 3rd Java International Nursing Conference highlight the importance of holistic approaches in healthcare, focusing on personalized strategies that address the complexities of human health (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Similarly, the recognition of biophilia in our connection to nature illustrates how natural environments can contribute to healing, enhancing mental well-being and motivating individuals through restorative experiences in their lives (Majors et al., 2019). Therefore, counseling that promotes healing encourages individuals to explore deeper emotional truths and develop sustainable pathways to wellness.
A. Definition and characteristics of healing in a therapeutic context
In the therapeutic context, healing transcends mere symptom relief, encompassing a holistic transformation that addresses the psychological, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of a persons well-being. Healing involves not only the cessation of distress but also the cultivation of resilience and self-awareness, facilitating genuine recovery and personal growth. This multifaceted process is heavily reliant on the quality of the therapeutic relationship and the strategies employed within counseling sessions. For example, incorporating continuing care programs that enhance patient attendance and engagement can significantly improve healing outcomes, particularly in areas like addiction recovery (Foote et al., 2014). Furthermore, recognizing the diverse methods of intervention—such as holistic nursing and complementary therapies—can enrich the healing experience, allowing practitioners to cater to individual patient needs (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Thus, healing in therapy embodies both individual empowerment and a supportive framework, fostering comprehensive recovery beyond coping mechanisms.
B. Stages of healing and their significance
When discussing the differences between coping and healing within the realm of counseling, it becomes particularly important to appreciate the different phases of healing, as they highlight the individual’s path after enduring a loss or traumatic event. Each phase, spanning from acceptance to assimilation, contributes substantially to facilitating emotional well-being and cultivating resilience. A counselor who recognizes these phases can tailor interventions to align with the client’s present condition, encouraging coping skills that may ultimately promote meaningful healing. To illustrate, the importance of sustained support, noted within effective treatments for substance use disorders, exemplifies the necessity of ongoing care that sustains recovery over time (Foote et al., 2014). Additionally, holistic approaches found in nursing and related areas underscore the inclusion of varied treatments, which address the emotional and physical components, supporting a more thorough sense of healing (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). A counselor who understands these distinct phases can thus help to mediate the healing journey, effectively linking mere coping mechanisms with lasting recovery.
C. Long-term benefits of healing compared to coping
In counseling, the contrast between coping and healing shows that healing offers substantial advantages over the long haul. While coping usually focuses on handling stress and its symptoms—think meditation or exercise for quick relief—it might not get to the heart of the matter. Although recent studies show these techniques help manage stress, their impact tends to be short-lived (Gass et al., 2015). Healing, on the other hand, seeks deep personal change, helping people face their inner emotional issues and reach a more complete view of their lives. This not only boosts mental health but also builds resilience and encourages personal development. So, the long-term benefits of healing go further than just getting by; they encourage a total change in how someone sees the world, which really improves their life (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015).
In counseling, it’s vital to understand how coping and healing connect, since they’re intertwined but have separate goals. Coping involves strategies people use to handle stress and tough emotions. These strategies often tackle immediate problems, but they might not fix the root causes. Healing, on the other hand, is more of a long-term emotional and psychological recovery process, aiming for lasting change, not just quick fixes. How well different coping strategies work can have a big impact on healing. Healthy coping, for example, can help someone process emotions more deeply, setting the stage for healing to happen. Research shows this link, suggesting that holistic methods, like humanistic-experiential psychotherapy (HEP), help healing by incorporating coping strategies that build resilience and emotional growth (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015), (Elliott et al., 2013). So, a solid grasp of both coping and healing can improve therapy results, guiding clients toward lasting recovery.
A. How coping can facilitate the healing process
Coping strategies are really important; they help people heal by giving them the tools to handle tough emotions. Good coping methods, like writing down your feelings or making art, can be like therapy. They give you a safe space to work through hard experiences. For example, there’s film therapy. Movies can help people talk about things that are hard to discuss. This lets them face and share their feelings, maybe in ways they couldn’t before (Amann et al., 2010). Also, research shows that having friends and family who support you is a big help. Peer support groups can make teens with long-term illnesses, such as HIV, stronger and better at sticking to their treatment (Adejumo et al., 2018). So, coping doesn’t just help you deal with your feelings; it also creates a good setting for overall healing and growth. This makes it a key part of counseling, generally speaking.
B. Potential pitfalls of relying solely on coping strategies
Depending too heavily on coping strategies to deal with emotional pain isn’t always the best approach, mainly because it sometimes only scratches the surface of the real problems. Sure, things like avoiding the issue or distracting yourself might feel good for a bit, but often they don’t really help you deal with your feelings and get better. This can mean that the distress builds up over time, and you might end up doing things that aren’t good for you. Now, even in places where services are top-notch—take, for instance, the work being done in greater Omaha for survivors of Intimate Partner Violence—just focusing on coping might get in the way of real healing and empowerment (Skrypek M et al., 2010). We can see this, too, if we consider the experiences of kids living with chronic illnesses; just teaching them coping strategies might keep us from truly understanding what they’re going through, showing that we need more complete ways of helping them heal that put emotional honesty and resolution first (Alwan A D et al., 2015).
C. Integrating coping and healing in counseling practices
In counseling, linking coping techniques with healing processes is super important for helping people feel whole and healthy. Coping is usually about quick, hands-on ways to deal with stress. But healing? That’s more like a deep dive into understanding yourself and growing as a person. Counselors can get ideas from different places, like what’s talked about in (Manuel et al., 2018). They can make their methods better by using practices that fit with what their clients believe and value, culturally speaking. Not only does this help build a stronger connection between the counselor and the client, but it also gives clients the strength to face tough emotions and bounce back from hard times. Plus, at gatherings like the one in (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015), people are talking more and more about how important it is to look at the whole person in fields like nursing and counseling. This backs up the idea that good coping skills can actually lead to real, long-term healing. So, when you mix these two ways of thinking, it can really make things better for clients in therapy.
To sum things up, understanding the difference between coping and healing is super important in counseling—for both the counselor and the person they’re helping. It shapes the methods and approaches used during the sessions. Coping strategies can provide quick relief and a short break from tough emotions. But real healing? That needs a deeper look into the root causes of the pain. Good counseling helps people learn coping skills and also creates a space for them to think deeply and grow. Research shows that mixing old, trusted methods with newer therapy techniques can really boost healing, making the whole experience better (Manuel et al., 2018). Plus, when different professionals work together, it makes sure that all the therapy approaches line up, which improves the care someone gets (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). So, when counseling focuses on both coping and healing, it not only supports people where they’re at but also helps guide them toward big, positive changes.
A. Summary of key points discussed
When we look at the conversations about Coping versus Healing in Counseling, it’s clear that understanding the difference between how we cope and how we heal is super important for good results in therapy. Coping strategies? Those are usually quick reactions to stress, ways to handle tough stuff right away, which you see a lot in studies about people dealing with long-term illnesses like HIV (Abacan et al., 2014). Now, healing? That’s different. It’s a deeper thing, really changing how you feel and think to get rid of old emotional hurts and set you up for a solid recovery. This big difference means counselors need to be smart about how they help people. While coping might give you a break for now, helping someone heal can make them feel good and strong in the long run. Plus, bringing in all-around health practices, like they talk about in nursing and health science discussions, points out that we need to help people in lots of different ways as they work toward healing (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015).
B. Implications for counseling professionals
For counseling professionals, understanding the difference between coping and healing has serious implications, especially when dealing with the nuances of what clients go through. Counselors have to figure out when it’s best to help clients develop coping mechanisms for quick relief and when to push for deeper healing for lasting well-being. This two-pronged strategy builds on new research that highlights how important all-encompassing approaches are for mental health. Think about it: adding things like mindfulness or music therapy can really boost regular counseling, which in turn, helps clients do better (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). Plus, when counselors get how people react psychologically to stress and disability, they can make the therapy space more understanding, which builds better relationships with clients (Allred et al., 2012). So, by focusing on both coping and healing, we not only make counseling better but also help counselors grow professionally, which is a win for client care, generally speaking.
C. Final thoughts on the importance of balancing coping and healing in therapy
To summarize, a balance connecting coping and healing stands as crucial for successful therapeutic results. Each process tackles different parts of mental and emotional health. Coping strategies can offer prompt comfort, assisting people in handling troubling symptoms, but tend to be short-term fixes that might hide fundamental problems. Conversely, healing aims to get to the base causes of emotional suffering, encouraging lasting recuperation and strength. Blending these strategies lets therapists craft a wide-ranging treatment strategy customized to the needs of each client, building resilience and self-direction. As pointed out in current research, the transdiagnostic method—created to handle diverse mental conditions via a core set of rules—shows the importance of syncing coping with healing actions (Barlow et al., 2017). Finally, being aware of the dynamic between these processes guarantees a complete treatment model that underpins ongoing well-being for those in therapy (Nurmalia (Editor) et al., 2015). It is generally accepted that the combination of both strategies lead to a healthier therapeutic experience.
Negative Coping. Click here
Healthy vs. Unhealthy Coping Strategies. Therapist Aid. Access here
Davies, J. (2017). “10 Negative Coping Mechanisms People Use to Hide from Their Problems”. Access here
Holzmann, M. (202o). “The Difference Between Coping with and Healing from Trauma”. Somatic Therapy Partners. Access here
Coping and recovery. Mental Health America. Access here
Great video on an introduction to Trauma Informed Care. Please review AIHCP’s numerous behavioral health and healthcare certifications
Many times in counseling when discussing trauma, emotions can emerge tied to the unresolved trauma that can de-regulate a client/victim/survivor. Discussing issues of abuse, or loss, or traumatic memories whether current or in the past can cause individuals suffering from unresolved trauma to dissociate from the present, flashback to the past, or enter into states of emotional dysregulation. Licensed counselors who specialize in trauma care and crisis intervention have strong understandings to utilize techniques to help ground and contain negative emotions associated with trauma. Unlicensed mental health professionals in crisis response or even pastoral care may sometimes come across individuals who also need these same techniques due to acute crisis or trauma. It is hence important to understand how to help individuals suffering from PTSD, acute trauma, or unresolved trauma with the appropriate techniques to help victims or survivors find stabilization. This article will focus more on in session counseling and long term trauma care than immediate psychological first aid which is addressed in other blogs. Primarily, we will discuss the therapeutic relationship’s window of tolerance with a victim/survivor, how to expand this window, and review various techniques found in grounding and containment to help others find calm and peace.
Please also review AIHCP’s Trauma Informed Care Program, as well as its Crisis Intervention program and also all of AIHCP’s Healthcare Certifications.
In counseling, individuals can experience emotional dysregulation due to unresolved past trauma. Simple triggers of retelling the story, to similar images in a room, or a familiar scent can reset a person and dissociate, flashback, or cause intense states of hyperarousal or hypoarousal. Compton explains that individuals can experience two types of dysregulation. In hyperarousal, the person becomes angry, anxious, hypervigilant, or impulsive (2024, p. 208). Compton points out that with hypoarousal the opposite occurs when the person experiences withdraw, numbness and lack of emotion even in some cases to a state of dissociation (2024. p. 209). In the fight or flight response, counselors will see anger and anxiety, but during the freeze response, counselors will see the shutdown. These are natural ways the body and brain responds to past trauma. The key is how easily can one’s system return to a state or emotional regulation when dealing with these triggers or reminders that cause emotions to emerge. Individuals in trauma can be stuck in a variety of phases, some may exist in a state where they feel no safety anywhere, others may exist in a state where safety may not be an issue but trust is totally lacking. It is the goal of the counselor through the therapeutic relationship to help victims again find phases of regained power, regained self esteem and eventually the phase where they can again reintegrate with society and form healthy relationships. It is within the Window of Tolerance of a person’s emotional state where this healing can occur.
The Window of Tolerance is term phrased by Ogden, Minton and Pain that refers to the optimal window of time between hyper and hypoarousal states in which a person can experience balance (Compton, 2024, p. 209). Within this period of time, therapeutic counseling can occur where the trauma can be discussed and better ways to cope can learned by the client. During this time as well, the reasoning part of the brain as opposed to the emotional part has more awareness to communicate, reason, learn and grow (Compton, 2024, p. 209). Counselors can help clients learn how to operate and heal within the window but also learn ways to expand this window in real world settings through a variety of skills. Counselors can help clients co-regulate their emotions within the window and expand it through supplying empathy, support, a safe and secure environment and also preventing re-trauma by limiting or eliminating potential triggers.
Counselors during this time through the therapeutic relationship can help with focusing on the needs of the client and being aware of discomfort or physical manifestations associated with mental discomfort. Compton points out that the term “interoception” best describes the ability of a counselor to have this type of awareness of what is happening inside someone based on what the body is displaying or doing in the moment (2024, p. 196). this is why watching for non-verbal cues is key in counseling during the selective attention skill of focusing. During this important window, counselors should engage their clients. By focusing, reflecting and providing context, counselors can help survivors understand their trauma better (2024, p. 197). In addition to engaging, counselors need to help clients process emotion and then help them reflect on it. The biggest part of processing is not only discussing it, understanding it, and reframing it but to also learn how to manage it.
Within trauma counseling, it is important to utilize the window of tolerance but it is also equally important to track the client’s body and behavior for signs of either hyperarousal or hypoarousal. It is also important to track oneself, since sometimes the stories and events relayed can even shock a counselor and cause deregulation within. It is important to note that most individuals exist within a normal operating existence of balance when viewing safety and conditions. The securing of safe environments and the scanning by the brain to ensure safety within a environment is referred to as neuroception. A person in a calm and secure state is not activating the sympathetic nervous system but is existing in normal state where the cognitive functions of the brain are operating. When the sympathetic nervous system strikes it can close down cognitive functioning and increase emotional responses. Fight, flight or freeze, or even fawn can emerge as reactions to this. Interesting enough in cases of hypoarousal, the parasympathetic system, the calming aspect of our nervous system, can deactivate an individual due to the intensity of the trauma or recalling the trauma. When working with survivors or victims, merely recalling traumatic events can cause a hyper or hypoarousal response. This can affect healing and reduce the window time tolerance to discuss the trauma with the cognitive functions operating.
Tracking emotions and signs is hence an important skill for a counselor in any session but even more so when helping individuals in intense grief, loss, crisis or intense trauma. In states of hyperarousal a person will display various physical and also behavioral symptoms. In essence the person cannot calm down. Clients in hyperarousal can display anxiety, irritability, panic or rage. They may have racing thoughts, or an inability to concentrate and may display signs of hypervigilance during the session. Physically they have increased heartrate, muscle tension, clenched jaw, closed fists, display sweating or have a racing heart rate. Behaviorally, they can display an overall restlessness which may be affecting their sleep and impulse control. They may fidget and move and express emotions easily during the session. This can lead outside the counseling room to regular life in feelings of being on edge, easily irritated, over-thinking social interactions, and feeling uneasy in social settings (Mindset Explained, 2025).
When tracking, a counselor also needs to track possible signs of hypoarousal. Hypoarousal can be induced by either the sympathetic or parasympathetic. It is usually tied to parasympathetic functions that relax the body but in these cases it shuts the body down as a self defense mechanism to the trauma or even thought of the past event. A person experiencing hypoarousal will display detachment, numbness and seem withdrawn and lacking motivation. Cognitively, they may be slow to speak and appear confused and lacking details about events. Physically they will seem lethargic and have a slower heart rate, display fatigue, or over relaxed muscle state. During a session, they may zone out or seem distracted. Behaviorally this can lead to intense isolation outside the counseling room. Many may have a hard time getting out of bed, or detach from loved ones, feel powerless and lose interest in things they like to do (Mindset Explained, 2025).
In both cases, counselors need to be aware of these signs but also know when to utilize activation strategies for hypoarousal or settling techniques for hyperarousal. In these cases, settling or activating becomes the choice a counselor needs to make. In states of hypoarousal activities that help the person activate the nervous system include helping the client begin to move, via stretching, or walking around can be a first good start. Other ways to activate include grounding techniques that are tied to touch and sense, such a the feeling of a cold object or ice cube, or the splash of water on the face. Other forms of breathwork, as well as cognitive activation through counting or labeling things in the room can also aid the client. Sometimes music can be helpful, or even the scent of a candle (Mindset Explained, 2025).
With hyperarousal, the concern is to settle, not activate. Hence, breathing exercises, ground techniques such as holding something, or touching something, as well as sensory and cognitive ways to help the person remain in the present. Progressive muscle relation techniques as well as guided meditation and visualization can help a person induce the parasympathetic system as well. We will discuss more types of ground and containment strategies later in this article. What is optimal is a stable state of being. Stable and emotionally regulated states allow the window of tolerance to be utilized in therapeutic sessions. Healthy states permit better focus, cognitive functions, stronger relationships, better sleep and better energy levels to cope with stressors and potential triggers (Mindset Explained, 2025).
One thing to consider and be aware of is that while helping others, counselors can also enter into various states of hyperarousal or hypoarousal. The term reciprocal defense mobilization is the mirroring of emotional states. While ideally the counselor is the co-regulator in a session providing energy, trust and security to the person, sometimes horrible stories or emotional breakdowns can affect the counselor. In fact, past trauma of the counselor can also be triggered in counseling. This type of vicarious trauma can have acute affects on the session but also long term affects and burnout for the counselor. If a counselor is affected via hyper or hypoarousal, the ability to listen, exercise empathy, or help the person heal can be at risk. Hence counselors may sometimes need to activate or settle themselves. It is harder though for a counselor to express these feelings or exhibit certain strategies while counseling and because of this counselors need to be able to subtly activate or settle themselves. In cases of hypoarousal, a counselor may notice one’s own signs of shutting down and look to activate by clenching one’s fist or hand or shifting or tapping one’s foot. A counselor can also discuss both parties standing up and stretching as a ploy to not only help the client but oneself. A break or a pause can be helpful for both client and counselor in these cases. During hyperarousal, a counselor can label, or count, or focus on one’s own breathing.
One should consider basic strategies to manage both hyperarousal and hypoarousal in daily life. In regards to hypo, utilize frequent exercise if possible, alone, if public gyms are unsettling. Utilize breathing and mindfulness, and create and stick to routines that give a sense of accomplishment and work on connecting with others, especially those who are closest. Even if a short phone call or text! For hyperarousal, one will utilize more grounding techniques in daily life which will be discussed below and also employ relaxation and meditation, as well as with creating a calmer environment with music, or scented candles (Echowave, 2025).
A person during counseling who becomes hyperarousal needs various help to manage his or her emotions within the session. These skills and techniques can help not only help them regulate and expand the window of tolerance in session but also be applied later to out of session in the world experiences. The two most common types of skills taught in counseling for individuals with unresolved trauma and PTSD are grounding and containment.
Grounding techniques can be sensory, cognitive or somatic in nature. In sensory grounding, the counselor utilizes the five senses to help a survivor find placement in the present. In regards to the sense of touch, it can be as a simple as feeling the feet on the ground or the soft touch of the couch on the finger tips. A counselor should help the survivor with calming words describing the sensation one feels as the fingers sway across the texture of the couch, or the firm feel of the foot against the hard floor. In some extreme cases, ice in a person’s hand can be used to help a person find the present. In all cases, the sense of touch should be used especially carefully when counselor or client come into contract via a tap on the shoulder or a hug because these things could possibly be a trigger to the prior abuse (Compton, 2024, p. 214). With sight, the counselor can direct the client to note anything in the room they see and what color it may be or details one may not have noticed before. The scent of smell can help calm through oils, incense or candles that can help a person find calm but again be aware of your client’s history and scents that could trigger him or her. With taste, sometimes, one can focus on a piece of candy available and the taste of it, or imagine a particular dessert. The counselor gently inputs into the mind these scenes to help the client find regulation (Compton, 2024, p. 212). From a cognitive approach, a counselor can have a client count from a higher number down to zero to exert awareness of the now or have the client name things within the room to help the person find connection to the present. From a somatic approach, breathing exercises can be employed to help grounding. In fact, breathing exercises are sometimes the first utilized to help a person calm. Deep breathing initiate the parasympathetic nervous system which reverses the affects of the fight or flight response. The deep inhale and exhaling can lower the heart rate and help a person find calmness. Usually the breathing is done with some type of visualization. One common theme is balloon breathing where the client is told to imagine a balloon inside oneself and as one inhales to imagine the balloon inflating and while exhaling to imagine the balloon deflating (Compton, 2024. p. 212). The breathing should be coming from the abdomen and not the chest since chest breathing is usually associated with anxiety. To ensure proper breathing, one can tell the client to put his or her hand on ones chest and stomach and see which part of the body is moving more. One can also utilize touching the shoulders to see if the shoulders are rising which is indicator of chest breathing.
While grounding helps a survivor find the present and remain engaged, containment skills can help clients learn to control uneasy emotions. The tool of containment helps clients break away from traumatic memories and feelings (Compton, 2024, p. 215). Containment tools include visualization and various expressive arts. Most of these tools are also utilized with breathing techniques and can be used in session as well as in the real world. When working with clients expressive arts are similar to play therapy with children. They can help a person find calm when discussing difficult issues. Compton references vertical regulation as way for the survivor to draw lines of different colors up and down a page while deep breathing. Other expressive arts include dance and music to help with hypoarousal to push energy into the person. Liturgical or spiritual music can be utilized if it provides the necessary calm, or secular music that the client enjoys (2024, p. 211). Creative writing is another expressive art used to contain emotion. In expressive writing, one can write a note to oneself, or a parent, or God, or anyone the client freely wishes to write too. The message can be a positive one that employs safety and security (2024, p. 212). Visualization and breathing remain one of the most used containment practices in sessions. With guided breathing and the visual scripts from the counselor, the client can visualize safe and secure places when facing trauma memories or uncontrolled emotions. One classic visualization technique is imagining the a container in which the client can put all the unwanted emotions into and cover with a lid. The counselor guides the client to understand that any intrusive thoughts at any time can be stored in this container, box, or chest when needed (Compton, 2024, p.216). The key is to discover a safe, secure and calm place. Many times counselors will lead a guided visualization of a place the client finds peaceful. Whether a cabin in the mountains, or a spot on the beach, the counselor can take the client back to that place or peaceful place in time. During which the client will close his or her eyes, breath deeply and follow the voice of the counselor describing the calm associated with these places and times. Butterfly hugs are also a tool that can be utilized during visualization in which the client is taught to hug oneself and allow their hands to tap their back in assurance and calmness (Compton, 2024, p. 217).
In all of these exercises, if the person is spiritual or religious, spiritual aspects and words can be utilized on a case by case basis to help the person find calm. For some, spirituality may be beneficial but for others who were exposed to spiritual abuse, it may not be warranted. If spirituality is accepted and desired, sometimes clients can breathe in with a statement about God and breathe out with a statement of safety, such as “God is good” and “I am safe”. In other cases, scriptural references that the client enjoys can be utilized from whatever sacred book he or she adheres to (Compton, 2024, p. 218).
In all cases, help the client be in control. The purpose it to help the client learn to regulate and being in control is key, especially when the survivor is not in session. In such cases, when introducing breathing techniques or new tools, instead of dictating, or saying “do this”, utilize phrases such as “would this be helpful to do this?”. This reduces distress and gives autonomy to the survivor who in many cases, if abused, was told what to do numerous times.
Many situations in counseling trauma victims/survivors require helping them to learn to regulate emotions. These skills are important both in session and out in the real world. In session, it helps extend the window of tolerance which then can be applied to real world situations. Skills in grounding and containment help clients with hyper/hypoarousal and maintain control and learn to deal with the symptoms of trauma in a positive fashion. These tools in counseling also allow for the discussion, reflection and processing of the unresolved trauma. It is important to remember that when treating trauma, it is a marathon not a sprint. These skills take time to implement and the body and mind need time to heal.
Please also review AIHCP’s Trauma Informed Care Program, as well as its many healthcare certifications in crisis intervention, grief counseling, stress management and Christian spiritual counseling. All programs are open to qualified healthcare and mental health professionals seeking four year certifications to utilize within the scope of their practice. The healthcare programs are online and independent study and have mentorship as needed.
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PTSD-click here
Counseling Clients through Crisis, Danger and Harm-click
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Caporuscio, J. (2024). “Step-by-step guide on grounding techniques”. Medical News Today. Access here
Gale, A. (2025). “Hyperarousal vs. Hypoarousal”. Carepatron. Access here
Alpern, P. (2025). “Is the freeze response a form of hyperarousal or hypoarousal?”. The Trauma Journal. Access here
“Feeling Hypo or Hyper Aroused How to Spot the Subtle Signs”.