Crisis Intervention Counseling

Grief and Counseling with Asian Americans

Posted on by Mark Moran

Asian Americans, as well as those who immigrate from Asia to the West are a multicultural group that cannot be categorized completely as one group.  In many cases, the general assumption of Asian equates to those of the Orient, but Asia encompasses far more than the mere Orient Japanese, Chinese and Korean cultures, but also India and many other locations throughout the massive continent.  Hence when referring to Asian Americans, it is to be understood as Asia as a whole and not merely those of Oriental descent.  Regardless, Asian Americans share many similar traits, religious ideals and cultural and family structures.  In addition, they have also faced there own oppression at home as well as within the West and United States.  Grief counselors who wish to help Asian clients need to have a full understanding of their culture and ways of expression, in addition to understanding historical oppressions.

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it matches your academic and professional goals.

The Asian American and Migrant

Asian Americans are a diverse group of individuals who share many common family structure norms. This plays a large role in their mental health and adjustment to Western culture

Like any migrant group, Asian Americans face unique challenges during acculturation, as well as unique challenges from their homeland.  Many Asians immigrated to the United States via the west coast in the 19th Century, as well as those who have fled communist and tyrannical regimes in the 20th Century.  There are numerous migrants from China, Vietnam and Korea since the mid century who fled oppressive regimes, as well as government persecution of minorities in India and Southeast Asia.   Within the West, Asian Americans have met there own discrimination especially within the United States.  In the 19th Century, many Asians were commonly mocked and ridiculed and left isolated within their own districts.  During the World War II, many Asian Americans were collected into determent camps by the US government.  Many Oriental Americans, especially of Japanese descent had to prove their American values and were treated as traitors or spies.   Even today, various racist slurs or attributed to Asian Americans of different descent and most recently, many were unjustly targeted for the spread of Covid19.

Ironically, many Asians also receive “positive” stereotypes that can also be damaging, such as the assumption all Asians are smart and receive good grades.  While education is key driving force within Asian culture, these reinforced stereotypes when applied can cause confusion and distress to the particular individual.

In addition, Asian Americans and migrants face acculturation issues within their own unique family structures  and Western society.   Asian American cultural structures place greater value on collectiveness and needs of the family.  It submits to a stronger hierarchal structure that places the individual at the need of the family. Many personal and individual decisions made by Westerners are considered family business in Asian families.  Hence obligation to family, obedience, and arrangements even in marriage are considered social necessities (Pederson, 2018. p. 122).  In addition, Asian culture emphasizes humility and modesty when speaking of self and are far less lenient with outsiders than family members in these regards.  In addition, self restraint and harmony are prized more than self disclosure and independent choices (Pederson, 2018, p. 122). With this higher respect of authority, many Asian Americans have difficult times understanding American and Western culture and its demand of freedom, pride, rebellion and personal choice.

Hence within this group, there can be a struggle between first and second generation family members as well as integration with less traditional Asian families via marriage.  This can lead to depression and anxiety for members who need their family structure and support but wish to express themselves outside the cultural norm of their family.

Counseling the Asian American

Many Asian Americans who experience better acculturation seek counseling more so than those with worst experiences.  Of course tradition, language barriers and other cultural factors can play a role in willingness to seek mental health help. Overall, Asian Americans are considered to under utilize health services (Pederson, 2018, p. 129).   Asian Americans, however, experience the same general mental issues all human beings experience despite the “model minority” stereotype (Pederson, 2018, p. 130).   Like many cultures, Asian Americans sometimes prefer a counselor of their own culture and race to help foster understanding of cultural issues.  Pederson points out that racial matches in counseling do equate to increased utilization and duration of therapy (2018, P. 134).  Racial match while able to grant better credibility within the counseling relationship is not always ideal or available and this again leads to the importance of counselors to be multicultural aware.  Of course with so much discussion about racism, many sometimes wish to turn a blind eye to race itself but turning one’s eye to race and culture ignores the fabric of the client sometimes him or herself.  Ignoring hate and removing it is the key, not denying differences that are integral to who someone is.  Hence counselors need to be aware of the differences and through this understanding be competent to bridge the cultural difference between counselor and client.  This will ultimately help population groups, such as Asian Americans, become more comfortable with a non-Asian counselor.  This involves Western counselors having a stronger understanding of authority and family structures within Asian American homes and better apply that knowledge to the counseling dynamic.  Interesting enough, it is important to discuss the counseling outcome and dynamic with Asian Americans.  Normally, Asian Americans expect answers from experts.  They wish to be told what to do and how to follow through.   The overall view for many is that counseling is directive and authoritarian. Many expect more directness in what to do (Pederson, 2018, p. 128).    This is why is it important to review expectations of mental therapy and the importance of the process of self discovery and healing instead of the counselor taking upon a role of authority.

Grief Counselors need to have multicultural competencies in Asian culture to best help clients with grief

Again noting that no two people are alike, counselors can still have a base understanding of Asian culture when working with a Asian client.  First, it is important to note that many Asians communicate in a high context style without direct or specific references (Pederson, 2018, p. 125).   In addition, many Asians do not express or communicate emotion as freely as Westerners (Pederson, 2018, p. 125).  It is important to understand this because if analyzed from a Western lens only, this may appear to be hiding feelings or pathological but in reality is merely cultural.  Other misconceptions can occur as well if a Western lens is utilized in call cases.  If an Asian client seeks parental and family advice on every issue from employment to relationships is judged as a Westerner, then diagnosis may present a maladaptive issue, while in reality, the Asian client is performing well within his or her cultural norms.  Hence it is important to have a strong understanding of the cultural emphasis of family and authority within Asian communities and how this comes into play during counseling.

One key cultural expressions within Asian communities is the issue of shame and loss of face.  The fear of shame or failure or losing face and disappointing the family can be a large motivational pull for Asian clients (Pederson, 2018, p. 124).   Feelings of shame upon one’s name and family is a large fear in collectivist cultures (Pederson, 2018, p. 124).  Hence shame can play a role in loss, grief, as well as decisions.  One may live an unhappy personal life at the expense of a living a life that spares shame upon the family name. In addition to shame and loss of face, many individuals within Asian cultures are pushed to perfection and fear failure.  The more perfectionist the family structure, the far greater stressors for the individual to succeed at all costs (Pederson, 2018, p. 127). In addition to fear of shame, or depression and anxiety associated with perfectionist model families, counseling with Asians must also take into context high contextual communication styles versus lower contextual communication styles. Most Asians associate with non-verbal cues to express ideas.  This helps avoid confrontation or disrespect.  On the contrary, most Westerners communicate with more direct communication or low contextual communication where words are purposely used to state and communicate an issue.  This can across to an Asian as direct, aggressive, or rude (Pedersen, p. 125).

Within grief, various family structures and inner frictions can cause unresolved issues during loss and death.  Anytime a person exists within a culture that has expectations of the group over the self, as well as a restraint of emotion, one can expect possible grief reactions.  The individual may experience depression or anxiety with one’s own life choices and then when family death occurs and  also possibly feel multiple guilts if one did not do as one was told to do by the deceased.  These issues need addressed in counseling to allow for proper grieving and resolution of the loss.  When dealing with Asian clients, these issues may exist during grief and loss and may need addressed or at least explored to discover if the client’s family had such cultural norms.

Conclusion

Asian Americans or migrants are more than just South East Asia but also include India and outlaying areas.   The culture for the most part is very family and collectivist orientated with emphasis on respect of authority.  Family plays a key role in decisions.  Shame also plays a key role in keeping members of the culture to performing their duties to the family.  Counselors need to be aware of the cultural dynamics when working with individual clients.  Pending on acculturation and family dynamics, different Asian clients will vary in how they respond to Western ideals.  Regardless, grief and loss can still be impacted within family structures that dismiss emotional expression and individual freedom.  Resentment and anger can build up and play a role later in loss and grief.

Helping different cultures acculturate yet maintain identity is key. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

Please also review AIHCP’s Behavioral Therapy Certifications for Human Service Professionals as well as Healthcare Professionals. In particular, please review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it matches your academic and professional goals.  The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals.   In particular, for those who are already certified grief counselors, please review AIHCP’s specialty Grief Diversity Counseling Program.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reference

Pederson, P. et al. (2018) “Counseling Across Cultures” Cengage

Additional Resources

Huizen, J. (2021). “Asian American mental health stigma: Why does it exist?”. Medical News Today.  Access here

Nagayama Hall, G. et al. (2011). “Culturally-Competent Treatments for Asian Americans: The Relevance of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Psychotherapies”. Clin Psychol (New York). Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 Sep 1.  National Library of Medicine.  Access here

Cherry, K. (2023). “17 Mental Health Resources For Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders” Very Well Mind.  Access here

Misun Kormendi, N. (2021). “Asian American mental health during COVID-19: A call for task-sharing interventions” SSM Ment Health. 2021 Dec; 1: 100006.. National Library of Medicine. Access here

 

 

 

 

 

Grief Counseling and Immigration: Needs of the Migrant

Posted on by Mark Moran

Migrant populations are becoming more and more increasing in the West and this has had a large impact on Grief Counseling as well as other forms of mental therapy.  Throughout numerous blogs, we have discussed the immigration factor for population groups of Asian, African, and Hispanic groups, but the general and universal need of the immigrant and the acculturation process is a unique process within itself.  Whether from Eastern Europe or South East Asia, there are general considerations to take into account for counseling migrants.  Of course, for some population groups, the cultural shock and change are far greater as the cultures differ, but there still remains a general shared story for any traveler in a foreign land.

While some may paint the immigration story to America as perfect, the reality is somewhere in between

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple behavioral health and counseling certifications for Human Service and Healthcare professionals in the areas of Grief Counseling, Stress Management, Crisis Intervention, Anger Management, Life Coaching and Christian or Spiritual Counseling.

The Immigrant

For a nation that prides itself upon taking upon the world’s ragged and poor, the welcoming arms of the Statue of Liberty has not always been so welcoming.  As a nation built upon migrants and the concept of social melting pot, there ironically has existed a counter effort to maintain its Anglo-roots.   WASP and Nativist movements have existed within the US since the early 19th Century as an attempt to keep America White, Anglo, Saxon and Protestant.  Social agitation to Irish immigration, Italian immigration, Asian immigration and African freedom, as well as discounting of the rights of the original inhabitants, the Native Americans, have always been a priority for these racist groups.   Whether in regards to restriction of rights, rewriting history, or national intimidation tactics, the Nativist Movement within the United States has always had a minor audience that wished to keep America Anglo Saxon, or at least European.   This has led to countless cases of intimidation and hate against migrants.  This was especially true in the 19th Century at the hands of the Know Nothing Party and its attempts to suppress Irish Catholics.  Later, the KKK would take up the effort to intimidate not only African Americans recently freed from slavery, but also to all immigrants ranging from Jews and Asians to Catholics and Irish.  Unfortunately, even today, the anti-immigration rhetoric is powerful.  In 2024, our nation still exhibits racist tactics against migrants at the border as well as against Haitians accused of eating pets in Ohio.

Dehumanizing is the key part of any rhetoric.  Hispanics at the border are labeled as cartel thugs, rapists and criminals or Haitians are accused of eating pets.  These dehumanizing attempts are part of the play book of the racist.  It was done to the Jewish people in Europe and to the African American peoples during slavery.  The moment the individual is dehumanized, one is able to rationalize and justify their horrendous activity.   Downplaying the migrant is also key in the playbook of the Nativist.  Pederson points out that migrant faces various myths that attempt to make them appear as threats to the average American.  First, he points out the myth migrants have low education and little skills.  On the contrary, most migrants consist of 47 percent of the US. top academic positions within doctorate levels.  Secondly, Pederson points out that migrants are painted as threats to taking American jobs.  The reality is migrants make up about 15 percent of the American workforce. As for the jobs taken, many are low level entry positions or farming.  In fact, migrants make up 75 percent of farming jobs for fruit and vegetables, contributing to 9 billion in federal taxes and 75 billion in earnings.  Third, many label migrants as undocumented, but the reality is two-thirds of all migrants are documented.  Finally, many push the myth that a stronger border is needed to prevent invasion.  This has been suggested due to the terror attacks and security issues but while this is important, most migrants are not a threat and more focus should be to making those who are illegal into becoming legal and productive individuals, especially since so many are actually born here as children or existing on expiring visas (2018, P. 324-325).  Again, the Nativist myth that migrants are invaders are the larger myth at play here.  Border security is crucial but if the reason is due to fear of migrants, then the wrong emphasis on the wrong security issue is being emphasized to the detriment of a population group.  Unfortunately, the Nativist Movement is strong and alive again in the United States and it is something that must be addressed in the future years.

Migrant Issues in the United States

Acculturation varies upon the culture extremes between the country of origin and the host nation but also upon not just the culture but the individual.  So again, issues for one, may not exist for another.  One cannot in counseling assume one thing exists and another does not but must investigate each individual’s unique situation.  With that understood, one can still give a general and likely list of issues that can exist for a migrant during acculturation.

Migrants face different stories in their immigration and also face additional stressors within the host nation

First it is important to note that some migrants are here voluntarily, while others have had no choice.   One migrant may arrive for a better life and education or job chances, while others may be fleeing persecution, revolution or famine and disaster (Pederson, 2018, p. 323).  Obviously these two extremes present different mindsets when counseling a migrant. Hence the refugee migrant will have a far more traumatic experience than someone who has travelled to the United States or the West for opportunity.  The refugee faces various cases of potential PTSD, subjugation to relocation, detention facilities, lost family members as well as trying to adjust to a new culture, language and basic survival itself (Pederson, 2018, p. 326).  Some prior to arrival to the United States may have been tortured, abused, raped, falsely imprisoned or during time in refugee camps faced unclean sanitary conditions resulting in health issues and malnutrition (Pederson, 2018, p. 326).  Some may also experience survivors guilt issues along with PTSD.

Merely the psychosocial adjustment for forced migrant or voluntary migrant is difficult.  New schooling, or new jobs or new homes can all take time to adjust for anyone.  Merely relocate to another house across town and one is merely stressed, much less moving from an entirely different culture and nation to a new and foreign place.  The first 1 to 2 years constitute a crucial period for migrants as they attempt to find a foundation in life with basic survival (Pederson, 2018. p. 329).  This involves finding stable income and food, housing and jobs.  Many migrants who are refugees do no have the luxury as well as those who immigrated voluntarily to choose a destination.

During acculturation, migrants will experience the phenomenon of culture shock.  Some may integrate, others may not, others may gradually adjust, but the stresses of one culture clashing with another can have big affects on the individual as well as one’s family dynamics.  Pederson lists four phases that exist within culture shock.  The first is likened to a tourist who sees different and new things about a place and finds excitement regarding the differences.  The second phase can be a turning point, where the individual becomes dissatisfied or even disorientated to the change.  The third phase involves adjustment or re-orientation.  Finally, one reflects a degree of adaptation in managing cross cultural transitions (2018, p. 306-307).  Culture shock itself can manifest also in various physical ailments such as headaches, cognitive impairment, stomach issues, reduced energy and fatigue (Pederson, 2018, p. 307).  Mentally, it can lead to anxiety, depression and overall stress (Pederson, 2018. p. 307). Culture shock is a big part of acculturation depending on the culture and the person.  It is in essence an objective and subjective balance that varies from person to person, yet it is something that many migrants face due language barriers, challenges within the family due to external pressures, and racism within the host nation.

Counseling the Migrant

Whether a international student, a refugee, forced or chosen visitor, the migrant faces issues that sometimes are dismissed from the behavioral and mental health aspect.  Many migrants do not understand or wish to partake in the mental health services available due to cultural differences regarding counseling and expressions.  Pederson points out that many migrants will first seek what is comfortable and familiar to them when facing emotional issues.  Many turn to traditional forms of medication or services from their home culture.  In addition, many migrants feel the Western system of care is incapable of addressing their issues due to cultural barriers.  They also feel uncomfortable due to various language barriers that can make it difficult to communicate issues.  Finally, many are unable to find locations where services are provided due to their relocation itself (2018, p. 328-329).

Counselors need to be multi cultural proficient to help migrants from different places

Due to the wide variety of migrant cultures, counselors are called to multicultural proficiencies and practices (Pederson, 2018. p. 336).  In helping migrants, there is a multi model phased process to help migrant clients.  The first phase should involve education regarding mental health practices and interventions.  This will help eliminate any misconceived notions about the process and help the client and migrant understand the process.  Many cultures may have different ways of expressing and discussing issues.  This is why it is so pivotal to address how mental health works, however this does not mean the client’s cultural ideas and methods of healing are dismissed.  Within the second phase, traditional healing and other cultural aspects are taken into account.  The counselor learns and understands how the migrant from a particular culture expresses and migrant’s needs of family or traditional healing methods. In the third phase, counselors help migrants regain cultural empowerment within their environment.  This not only involves discussing mental issues with the migrants, but also focusing on daily issues and helping the migrant find services that meet everyday needs.  It is sometimes critical to focus on helping stabilize the migrant’s daily life before helping the migrant with his/her mental issues.  Part of this not only involves discussing daily problems but also addressing issues of racism and micro aggressions.   The final phase, it not only final, but also incorporated throughout the counseling process.  This phase involves the counselor as acting as a social advocate and as one pushing for basic human rights of the migrant (Pederson, 2018, p. 337-339).

Hence, counselors are not only helping migrants with grief, loss, relocation, but also a host of other adjustments that occur within the transitional period.  Many of the issues related to the immigration can sometimes become secondary to the new acculturation process itself.  The numerous stressors to change of environment can become overbearing to anyone, much less someone who may be fleeing a war torn nation.  Hence counseling migrants presents a whole new level of complications than the basic citizen.

Grief Counselors may be working on the pain and loss of home, family and way of life with a migrant, but also have to deal with an array of stressors arising from the acculturation process and its many demands.  This can lead to complications within grief as well.  In fact, many migrants may be dealing with traumatic grief itself.

Conclusion

Migrants face a unique challenge than other target groups.  First, they are not born within the host nation and face a more drastic change and acculturation process.  Second, they face greater discrimination and third, many are refugees and are forced into relocation due to famine, disaster or war.  Many face mental issues from the relocation and in addition face acculturation issues in the host nation.  Grief Counselors, Licensed Counselors, Social Workers or pastors need to understand not only the culture of origin but also the general pain of the migrant.  There obviously will be objective and subjective elements to each story, but counseling is definitely needed for many migrants who have faced atrocity and now face new discriminations within the host nation.  Unfortunately for many migrants, counseling can be a difficult process due to cultural differences, language and lack of access to it.

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple behavioral health certifications, especially, the Grief Counseling Certification.  The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals in both behavioral health as well as healthcare itself.  Please review and see if the Grief Counseling Program meets your academic and professional goals.

Reference

Pederson, P. et. al. (2018). “Counseling Across Cultures”. Cengage

Additional Resources

Line, A. (2022). “Considerations When Counseling Immigrants and Refugees” NBCC. Access here

Hodges, H. (2020). “Going To Therapy Can Be Hard, Especially For Immigrants — Here’s How To Start”. NPR. Access here

Tan. J. & Allen, C. (2021). “Cultural Considerations in Caring for Refugees and Immigrants”. National Library of Medicine. Access here

Moncrieffe, M. (2023). “Specialized care for immigrants experiencing trauma is vital. Psychologists are breaking down the mental health barriers”. APA. Access here

 

 

Multicultural Counseling Video Blog

Posted on by Mark Moran

 

Multicultural counseling competency is important in counseling.  Counselors need to be diverse in understanding how culture, race , creed, age and gender play a role in how a client will respond to them.  Counselors need to be also aware of their own internal biases.  With good cultural understanding, the counseling relationship can become enhanced and help the client heal and grow.  Please review the video above to learn more about multicultural counseling,

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification, as well as its numerous behavioral health certifications in Christian Counseling, Spiritual Counseling, Anger Management, Crisis Intervention and Stress Management, as well as Life Coaching, ADHD Consulting and Meditation Instructor.

 

Stress and Anger Management: Helping Others with Emotional Flooding

Posted on by Mark Moran

Sometimes emotions get the best of individuals.  Individuals may be overwhelmed, dealing with multiple stressors or losses, overworked, or dealing with anxiety and stress.  These individuals may finally hit the final straw and face an occurrence known as emotional flooding.  First coined by John Gottman, this phenomenon can occur in workplaces, at home between couples and also between parents and children.

 

Emotional Flooding can occur when someone is overworked, over stressed and not getting enough self care. Please also review AIHCP’s Anger Management and Stress Management programs

Emotional Flooding can lead to an outburst or even a withdraw.  The individual loses ability to communicate rationally and becomes emotionally overcome.  This is quite similar to Fight or Flight responses, where the individual is put into a survival mode situation.  Obviously, emotional flooding can lead to drastic problems in relationships, mental health and legal situations especially in cases of anger.  It is hence important to utilize both Stress Management and Anger Management skills to help one face emotional flooding situations and hopefully prevent it.

Who is More at Risk for Emotional Flooding Situations?

Individuals who already have high levels of stress and anxiety or various anxiety disorders. PTSD or depression have a higher risk of emotional flooding occurring, as well as those with border line personality disorders as well as attachment disorders.  Traditionally, males more so than females also have greater chances of outbursts, but many females still experience the problem.   Those with higher sensitivity issues are also more prone to becoming overcome with emotional flooding.

Emotional Flooding, like any stress response, is a fight or flight response that will either push the person to emotional react without rationale or retreat.  With higher level of stress, the body will pump cortisol into the blood stream and one’s blood pressure and heart rate will increase, muscles will tighten  to prepare the body for fight or flight moments.   In addition, rapid breathing and shortness of breath may occur, with loss of focus and increased anxious states.

These types of lapses are obviously huge problems at work places, arguments between couples and when parents are dealing with unruly children.  It is important to identify the triggers and symptoms, as well as understand one’s current level of stress to better prepare for a total flooding moment.  Emotional Flooding hence has huge negative impacts on mental health, physical health and social life.  This in turn leads to worst anxiety, poor decisions, broken relationships, legal issues, lost jobs and physical break down of health.

Dealing with Emotional Flooding

When facing and dealing with stress and anxiety, the first step is a good defense.  Individuals need to identify stress loads and mental health issues.  These need addressed and treated as needed to prevent a flooding moment.  Those who sense burnout is approaching, need to address mental and physical health issues to better address stressors.  In addition, individuals need to identify triggers that can set them off.  Those who see life as all or nothing or catastrophize things also need to readdress and realign their mental outlook on life.  Reframing can be a huge help to maintain a reasonable outlook when things go wrong or when one is over flooding with emotion.

Individuals who are facing emotional stress at a larger level hence need to take a good inventory of their life and their emotions.  They need to practice self care and give themselves time to reflect.  They need to set boundaries with others if too many things are overtaking them and they also need to find time to meditate, breath, or rest.  In addition, when facing an outburst, it may be helpful to practice breathing exercises, or grounding techniques seen in PTSD where the individual uses physical touch or grabbing of an item to help keep connection to reality.  It is important to identify triggers and emotions beforehand and to see how they can suddenly sabotage a person’s day.  Thinking about reactions and practicing reactions when in a peaceful situation can also help reframe reactions.  This is usually conducted in therapy.

When individuals lives begin to spiral out of control due to outbursts, then it is time to seek professional help.  Individuals may begin to isolate, lose sleep, lose appetite, become depressed, or lose important relationships.  Higher levels of anxiety may begin to creep into the person’s life and professional help may be required to help not only manage anger and stress but to also cognitively reframe reality.  In addition, if dealing with higher levels of anxiety or depression, certain medications may be temporarily needed to help a person again find balance in life.

According to therapist Maggie Holland, “Emotional flooding can be an extremely overwhelming and intense experience, but help is available. By working through your triggers, learning to self-regulate, making healthy lifestyle changes, or working with a therapist, you can feel more confident when navigating difficult situations and emotions (2024)”.

Helping a Loved One through Emotional Flooding

Of course no-one should ever permit themselves to be emotionally and physically abused.  It may sometimes be important to remove oneself from the situation.  While trying to help others through emotional flooding issues, one can help the other person cognitively through supporting the person and understanding the condition and triggers.    Focus, listening and empathy can help the person face the emotional surge. Avoiding quick judgement and feeding the anxiety is also key.  One can help the loved one breathe and calm down by presenting a calm and caring voice.

Conclusion

Selfcare, identifying triggers and grounding can help one deal with emotional flooding. Please also review AIHCP’s Stress and Anger Management programs

Obviously Emotional Flooding can be acute or chronic with an individual.  Some individuals are dealing with immediate stressors and overloaded while others may have anxiety, depression, PTSD, or Borderline Personality issues which would make the emotional breakdowns more common.  Regardless, it is important to practice good Stress Management skills and Anger Management skills to avoid worse breakdowns during flooding.  This involves identifying triggers, understanding one’s mental state and emotions, and grounding oneself.  One can also practice self care, meditation, and set greater boundaries to prevent overload.  With work, family life, partners and children at risk, it is critical to regain control of one’s life.

Please also review AIHCP’s Stress Management and Anger Management Certifications.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.  Many healthcare as well as behavioral healthcare professionals seek these additional certifications to enhance their work resume and specialty practices.

 

 

 

 

Reference

Holland, M. (2024) “Emotional Flooding: Definition, Symptoms, & How to Cope”. Choosing Therapy.  Access here

Additional Resources

Gould, R. (2023) “How to Navigate the Storm of Emotional Flooding”. VeryWellMind.  Access here

Romanelll, A. (2020). “Flooding: The State That Ruins Relationships”. Psychology Today.  Access here

Malik. J. et., al. (2021). “Emotional Flooding in Response to Negative Affect in Couple Conflicts: Individual Differences and Correlates”. J Fam Psychol. 2020 Mar; 34(2): 145–154.  Library of Medicine.  Access here

The Problem Management Model Video

Posted on by Mark Moran

A key part of counseling involves helping the client identify the problem, propose solutions and execute those plans into action with assessment of progress.  This is the core of the Problem Management Model in counseling and is key in helping track a client’s progress.

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple behavioral health certifications ranging from Grief Counseling and Christian Counseling to Crisis, Stress, Life Coaching and Anger Management Programs.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals in both the behavioral health and health field areas.

Counseling and Attending the Client Video

Posted on by Mark Moran

Counselors study psychology, various therapies and devote themselves to understanding the science of the mind and behavior, but if the counselor is unable to communicate and attend the client properly, then the knowledge is useless.  Counseling hence is also an art.  Counselors must possess interpersonal skills that allow them to help their clients.  Various micro skills help the counselor attend the client.  Basic fundamentals of attending include empathetic listening, observation skills, and appropriate responses.  This forms the foundation of the counselor and client relationship and allows therapy to flourish.

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous behavioral health and healthcare certifications in Grief Counseling, Crisis Counseling, Christian Counseling, Spiritual Counseling, Anger Management, Life Coaching and Stress Management.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.

Gestalt and Grief Therapy

Posted on by Mark Moran

Licensed counselors, Human Service professionals, and other specialized behavioral health therapists can help the bereaved through advanced therapies.  Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or CBT is one such example, but there are other humanistic approaches that are also patient centered in design.  Gestalt Therapy is one such humanistic approach that avoids psycho-analysis and looks to the present state of the person.  It looks for the fullness and wholeness of the entirety of the person and issue instead of reviewing merely smaller parts.  Designed by Fritz Perls. his wife, Laura Perls and John Goodman in the early 1940s, this approach helps individuals face and cope with emotion in the present moment (Good Therapy, 2018, p.1).

In regards to the bereaved, Gestalt can be an excellent way to help the grieving come more into contact with the emotions they are feeling in the present moment.  It can help the depressed focus on the emotions of the now moment and help them find resolution and self-awareness about these feelings.  This can usher forward a inner healing for some and help one find resolution with the present moment.  The important theme of Gestalt Therapy is that it focuses on the now and how one is feeling in the moment not how one felt in the past or the issues of the past.

Gestalt Therapy 

Gestalt focuses on the current emotional state of the client and emphasizes discussion of those emotions

Gestalt Therapy focuses on the now.  This is one of its defining qualities.  The counselor or therapist will help the client focus on what the client is experiencing in the moment and how to address those emotions in the now moment.  This now moment involves a mind and body connection and an awareness within the body of these feelings (Lindsey, 2022).  A strong counselor-client connection is important for the client to feel comfortable enough to identify these emotions and discuss them.  Furthermore, the Gestalt has a strong phenomenological emphasis on experiencing the process of emotion itself and exploring and evaluating it within the session.  This brings one closer to true feeling.  Within Gestalt, one is not so much looking for change, but acceptance and understanding of self to better cope and push forward in a productive and non-maladaptive way.

Fritz Perls wished for clients to find more self-awareness of oneself.  He hoped one to become more attune with one’s feelings and to better cope with them by identifying and feeling them (Guy-Evans, 2022).  Gestalt pushes for the here and now of the moment. It emphasizes that the past cannot change, but the present exists now and can produce transformation.  Hence, even past emotions are encouraged to be expressed in the present moment (Guy-Evans, 2023).   By understanding the emotion now, one can conclude the unfinished business of the past.

Gestalt Techniques

Gestalt Therapists will utilize a variety of techniques to help the client experience present emotion.  Many counselors encourage clients to utilize “I” statements.  When discussing an emotion such as anger, instead of stating “they made me angry”, the counselor encourages the client to say “I feel angry when”.  This again emphasizes the importance of individual emotion within the moment (Langmaid, 2024).

In addition to this, Gestalt therapists will identify various bodily manifestations correlated with emotion.  A person may clench a fist, look downward, raise one’s voice, tap their foot against the ground, twitch, or frown.  When these physical manifestations appear, the counselor will help the client identify these manifestations with the emotion felt.  Counselors should encourage the client to exaggerate these manifestations during the session.  This process in Gestalt is referred to as exaggeration (Good Therapy, 2018, p. 1). This will help clients become more aware of their emotions and how to better regulate them in the future.

The empty chair is perhaps the most famous Gestalt technique. It involves an empty chair where the client is able to speak to the person who is the source of the client’s frustration, abuse, or source of emotion.  It could represent an abuser, ex spouse, deceased family member, or even be a conversation between the self (Guy-Evans, 2023).  This permits the client to express present emotion but also allows the client to better understand that the power to heal does not depend upon another person but the power is within oneself.

Empathetic confrontation is sometimes a technique employed by therapists as well within Gestalt.  This was more widely common in its earlier phases, but in recent times is not as employed.  The purpose was to confront the false emotion or shield and help the true emotion to emerge.

Goals and Benefits of Gestalt Therapy

The primary goal of Gestalt is to help clients become more self aware of present emotion and how that emotion is affecting one’s life. It helps to push one to become more self aware and regulating of emotion and to find resolution by accepting the emotional reality that exists.  This promotes responsibility on the part of the client to accept certain emotions and work through them.

Guy Evans lists these benefits from Gestalt

  • Improved sense of self-control

  • Increased awareness of needs

  • Improved ability to monitor and regulate emotions

  • Improved communication skills

  • Increased tolerance for negative emotions

  • Improved mindfulness

  • Increased emotional understanding

  • Improved ability to view things from another perspective

  • Increased self-esteem

  • Increased decision-making skills

  • Increased interpersonal skills

  • Increased empathy for others

(Guy-Evans, O. (2023). “Gestalt Therapy: Definition, Types, Techniques, And Efficacy”.  Access here

Conclusion

Gestalt is another tool for the counselor.  It does not necessarily work for everyone.  It may need to be utilized with other therapies.  In some cases, clients who wish for more structure, or wish to focus on the past, may find it unhelpful.  While others who are still too traumatized by emotion, may find it disturbing.  It can definitely bring up strong emotions, so it should only be utilized in a secure setting with a strong client/counselor relationship.  Obviously, those who are only pastoral or only certified in grief counseling but lack a professional and clinical license in counseling should not utilize this therapy.

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and if it matches your academic and professional goals

For many though, it can help individuals find peace with the present moment and express emotion in a healthy and safe way.  It can help a person transform and move beyond past negative emotions and find new resolutions in life to move beyond the pain.  In grief, this is especially true.  It can provide for the bereaved an outlet to express current emotion and also sort through feelings and emotions with the deceased.

Please also review the American Academy of Grief Counseling’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals.  The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification as a grief counselor.

 

 

 

 

Additional Resources

“Gestalt Therapy”. (2018). Good Therapy.  Access here

Langmaid, S. (2024). “How Does Gestalt Therapy Work?” WebMD. Access here

Guy-Evans, O. (2023). “Gestalt Therapy: Definition, Types, Techniques, And Efficacy”. Simple Psychology.  Access here

Lindsay, C. (2022). “All About Gestalt Therapy”. PsychCentral.  Access here

 

 

Crisis Intervention Specialist: Essential Skills and Training

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

By – James M. Katz, BA

A Crisis Intervention Specialist stopping a domino effect.In the face of a crisis, having skilled professionals equipped with the right tools and knowledge can be a lifesaver—literally. This is where the role of a Crisis Intervention Specialist becomes crucial. They are the frontline responders who address mental health crises, employing suicide prevention techniques, providing trauma-informed care, and executing crisis management strategies. Their work is vital in navigating individuals through their darkest moments, ensuring safety and facilitating the path towards healing and stability. Understanding what a Crisis Intervention Specialist does and why their work is so important showcases the critical nature of their role in our communities.

This article will explore the path to becoming a Crisis Intervention Specialist, beginning with the required educational background and moving through the professional certification process. It will delve into the key skills necessary for success in the field, including crisis intervention techniques, intervention strategies, and the ability to define crisis intervention effectively. Additionally, the training path, including crisis intervention training and crisis intervention programs, will be discussed to provide a comprehensive overview of how professionals are prepared for this demanding yet rewarding career. On-the-job training and experience, financial aspects of pursuing this career, and career development and advancement opportunities will further delineate what it takes and what it offers to those who choose this path of service.
A crisis intervention specialist is a mental health professional who helps people during difficult and traumatic times. They provide support, hope, and care to individuals, families, and communities facing serious challenges. These specialists work in various settings, such as schools, hospitals, and community organizations, to offer immediate help and counseling to those in need.

Key Takeaways

  • Crisis intervention specialists support people in serious and traumatic situations.
  • They work in many places like hospitals, schools, and community centers.
  • Key skills include communication, problem-solving, and emotional resilience.
  • Educational paths include relevant degrees, certifications, and ongoing training.
  • Their work has a big impact on individuals and communities, offering immediate help and building resilience.

What is a Crisis Intervention Specialist?

Definition and Scope

A Crisis Intervention Specialist is a highly trained professional equipped to offer counseling, assessment, and treatment to individuals experiencing a crisis. These specialists, also known as crisis interventionists, are qualified mental health professionals with specialized training to support, provide hope, and deliver healthcare to individuals, families, and communities facing serious and often traumatic circumstances.

Key Responsibilities

The responsibilities of a Crisis Intervention Specialist are diverse and demanding. They assess and treat individuals with mental, emotional, or substance abuse problems, including issues related to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. https://www.franklin.edu/career-guide/mental-health-and-substance-abuse-social-workers/what-do-crisis-intervention-specialists-do This role may involve a variety of tasks such as individual and group therapy, crisis intervention, case management, client advocacy, prevention, and education.

Crisis Specialists often operate from private home offices, using telecommuting hardware and software to provide telephonic and text-based emotional support and resources. They are expected to manage documentation, access resources via web-based platforms, and provide strengths-based, unbiased crisis counseling to all individuals who reach out for help. Ensuring the highest standards for the delivery of evidence-based or evidence-informed crisis support, including suicide prevention and intervention, is a critical part of their job.

Additionally, these professionals must maintain professionalism in their workspace and ensure the privacy and confidentiality of each caller’s information. They actively participate in on-the-job professional development opportunities and remain flexible to new job duty assignments. Crisis Intervention Specialists work in various settings including crisis call centers, schools, government-based or military organizations, and mental health facilities such as hospitals and clinics. Some may travel extensively to respond to crises at different locations, while others might work remotely.

Their clinical skills include mental health and substance use counseling, behavioral analysis, rapid assessment, and verbal de-escalation, while crucial soft skills comprise empathy, patience, good communication, and problem-solving abilities.

Conducting Assessments and Evaluations

Crisis intervention specialists are trained to assess and evaluate individuals in distress. They quickly determine the severity of the situation and identify the immediate needs of the person in crisis. This helps in creating an effective plan to address the issue at hand.

Providing Immediate Support and Counseling

These specialists offer immediate support and counseling to those facing traumatic or high-stress situations. They provide a listening ear and practical advice, helping individuals navigate through their crisis moments.

Coordinating with Other Professionals

Crisis intervention specialists often work with other professionals, such as doctors, social workers, and law enforcement officers. This collaboration ensures that the person in crisis receives comprehensive care and support from various angles.

Essential Skills for Crisis Intervention Specialists

Communication and Interpersonal Skills

Crisis intervention specialists must be excellent communicators. They need to listen carefully and speak clearly to help people in tough situations. Good communication helps build trust and understanding. This is important when working with individuals, families, or groups.

Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking

These specialists often face complex problems that need quick solutions. They must think on their feet and come up with effective plans. Being able to solve problems quickly can make a big difference in a crisis.

Emotional Resilience and Self-Care

Working in crisis situations can be very stressful. Specialists need to stay calm and strong, even when things are tough. Taking care of their own mental health is also important so they can keep helping others.

Work Environments for Crisis Intervention Specialists

Hospitals and Mental Health Clinics

A crisis intervention counselor offering a helping hand to someone in need.Crisis intervention specialists often work in hospitals and mental health clinics, where they provide immediate support to patients experiencing severe emotional distress. These professionals are crucial in stabilizing individuals and preventing further psychological harm. They collaborate with medical staff to ensure comprehensive care.

Schools and Educational Institutions

In schools, crisis intervention specialists help students who are dealing with emotional or behavioral issues. They work closely with teachers and counselors to create a safe and supportive environment. Their role is vital in addressing crises that can impact a student’s ability to learn and thrive.

Community and Government Organizations

Specialists in crisis intervention also find roles in community and government organizations. Here, they assist individuals and families facing various crises, from natural disasters to personal emergencies. Their work helps strengthen community resilience and provides essential support during challenging times.

Required Educational Background

Degrees and Majors

The journey to becoming a Crisis Intervention Specialist begins with obtaining a bachelor’s degree. Prospective students often select majors that include psychology, sociology, gender and women’s studies, education, or social work . While a bachelor’s degree allows one to work in crisis intervention, it restricts direct one-on-one patient interactions. For those aiming to engage in individual intervention counseling, a master’s degree in social work or psychology becomes essential. Further educational advancement can lead to more specialized roles. Some individuals may choose to pursue a Ph.D., which not only enhances professional opportunities but also facilitates careers in academia or as crisis intervention instructors. This level of education involves significant contributions to the field, such as publishing in peer-reviewed journals.

Continuing Education

Continuing education plays a pivotal role in the career of a Crisis Intervention Specialist. Certifications, often pursued through reputable organizations like the American Institute of Health Care Professionals, are crucial for professional development. These certifications may cover various areas including intervention theory, treatment planning, nonviolent crisis intervention, and more.

The American Institute of Health Care Professionals, for instance, offers a comprehensive Continuing Education program that leads to Certification in Crisis Intervention Consulting. This program consists of seven courses, each provided in a dedicated online classroom with one-to-one faculty mentoring. The certification process underscores the importance of staying updated with the latest developments in healthcare, which is crucial for delivering effective patient care.
Moreover, some certifications, like the CIC-Cusp, require a minimum of 50 hours of continuing education within a four-year period to maintain the certification status. This ongoing learning is essential not only for personal growth but also for adhering to the evolving standards of crisis intervention practice.

Professional Certification Process

Types of Certifications

To become a recognized Crisis Intervention Specialist, individuals must obtain certification from a reputable professional organization. This certification is an official acknowledgment that the individual has met all the established standards set by the organization. Unlike licensure, which is government-regulated, certification is granted by professional bodies and does not adhere to any laws. For instance, the Crisis Specialist Certification is awarded after participants successfully pass a certification exam, which requires a minimum score of 80%. Candidates are allowed two attempts to pass this exam, and failing to do so necessitates retaking the course.
The American Institute of Health Care Professionals offers a model where certification is based on a core curriculum of Continuing Education (CE) Courses. This ensures that all certified members possess up-to-date knowledge and skills pertinent to their specialty. Certification in various areas such as intervention theory, treatment planning, nonviolent crisis intervention, and more, demonstrates an applicant’s expertise beyond a general degree and is highly valued in professional settings.

Maintaining Certification

Maintaining certification is crucial for a Crisis Intervention Specialist to ensure they remain competent and effective in their role. Certified professionals are required to undergo recertification every few years. This process involves completing additional training and passing the exam anew to stay aligned with the latest research and best practices. Continual learning and adherence to evolving standards are emphasized through required continuing education credits. These credits must be accumulated as per the certifying body’s standards to maintain certification status. Continuing education serves multiple purposes; it keeps professionals abreast of the latest developments in their field, maintains their skills, meets licensure requirements where applicable, and ultimately enhances patient care. The commitment to ongoing education reflects a professional’s dedication to their craft and their ability to provide the highest standard of care. In conclusion, the certification process for Crisis Intervention Specialists not only validates professional competence but also ensures continual growth and adherence to the highest standards of practice.

Key Skills for Success

Interpersonal Skills

Interpersonal skills are crucial for a Crisis Intervention Specialist, as they often act as the first point of contact in crisis situations. Effective communication is essential, not just in conveying information but also in de-escalating potential crises. Specialists need to be articulate and confident, capable of handling high-stress situations with clarity and composure. They should also be adept at building relationships and fostering trust quickly, which can be pivotal in crisis resolution. Demonstrating empathy and maintaining professionalism are key, as these traits help create a safe space for individuals in distress, allowing them to feel understood and supported.

Problem-Solving Abilities

Crisis Intervention Specialists must excel in problem-solving, particularly under pressure. The ability to analyze situations quickly, identify key issues, and implement effective solutions is fundamental. This requires not only a thorough understanding of crisis intervention techniques but also the ability to think critically and make decisions swiftly. The nature of crises means that no two situations are the same, thus flexibility and adaptability are essential. Specialists must be prepared to alter their strategies as situations evolve, ensuring that their interventions are responsive and effective.

Stress Management

Managing personal stress is equally important for Crisis Intervention Specialists. The role involves frequent exposure to highly stressful and emotionally charged situations, which can take a toll on one’s mental and physical health. Effective stress management strategies are necessary to maintain personal well-being and professional effectiveness. This includes recognizing the signs of stress, employing techniques such as deep breathing or mindfulness, and ensuring adequate rest and recovery. Specialists must also be adept at managing organizational stress, anticipating potential crisis impacts, and preparing accordingly to mitigate adverse effects on the organization and its members.

By mastering these key skills, Crisis Intervention, Specialists can provide essential support and guidance, helping individuals navigate through their most challenging moments while also maintaining their own health and resilience.

Challenges Faced by Crisis Intervention Specialists

High-Stress Situations

Crisis intervention specialists often find themselves in the middle of very stressful situations. They need to stay calm and think clearly, even when things are chaotic. Handling these high-pressure moments is a big part of their job.

Emotional and Psychological Impact

Working with people in crisis can take a toll on a specialist’s own emotions and mental health. They might feel sad or stressed after helping someone through a tough time. It’s important for them to find ways to cope with these feelings.

Managing Work-Life Balance

Balancing work and personal life can be hard for crisis intervention specialists. Their job can be demanding, with long hours and unexpected calls for help. Finding time to relax and spend with family is crucial to avoid burnout.

Impact of Crisis Intervention Specialists on Communities

Supporting Individuals in Crisis

Crisis intervention specialists play a crucial role in helping people during their most difficult times. They offer immediate support and guidance, helping individuals navigate through their crises. Their presence can make a significant difference in the lives of those struggling with mental, emotional, or substance abuse issues. By providing timely assistance, they help prevent situations from escalating further.

Strengthening Community Resilience

These specialists not only support individuals but also contribute to the overall resilience of the community. They work to build stronger support networks and educate the public on how to handle crises. This proactive approach helps communities become better prepared to face future challenges, fostering a sense of unity and strength.

Collaborating with Local Resources

Crisis intervention specialists often collaborate with local resources such as schools, hospitals, and community organizations. This teamwork ensures that individuals in crisis receive comprehensive care and support. By working together, they can address the various needs of those affected and provide a more holistic approach to crisis management.

Financial Aspects of the Career

Salaries and Benefits

The financial rewards of a career as a Crisis Intervention Specialist can vary widely based on several factors including the individual’s level of education, certifications, and specific job role within the field. Typically, entry-level positions may offer a starting salary range from $30,000 to $40,000 annually. However, those with advanced degrees and specialized certifications can expect significantly higher compensation, potentially exceeding $70,000 per year. In addition to salary, benefits play a crucial role in the overall compensation package for Crisis Intervention Specialists. Common benefits include health insurance, paid leave, and retirement plans. Some employers also offer tuition reimbursement programs, which are particularly beneficial for those pursuing ongoing education or additional certifications. These benefits not only provide financial security but also support the specialist’s career development and personal well-being.

Geographical Differences

Salaries and employment opportunities for Crisis Intervention Specialists can also be influenced by geographical location. Urban areas typically offer higher salaries compared to rural settings due to the higher cost of living and the greater demand for mental health services in densely populated regions. For instance, specialists working in cities such as New York or San Francisco may earn more than their counterparts in smaller towns or rural areas.
Moreover, some states and regions may have higher concentrations of employment opportunities in this field, often correlated with larger populations and more extensive healthcare systems. This geographic variability means that those willing to relocate may find more lucrative or plentiful job opportunities, which can significantly impact career trajectory and earnings potential.

By understanding these financial aspects, individuals interested in becoming Crisis Intervention Specialists can better plan their career paths and financial goals, ensuring they are adequately prepared for the varied opportunities and challenges in this field.

Career Development and Advancement Opportunities

Advanced Roles

Pursuing advanced degrees such as a master’s in counseling or psychology can significantly broaden a specialist’s scope of practice, enabling them to handle more complex cases and work in diverse settings. Specialists with a master’s degree are equipped to engage more directly with patients and are often preferred for positions that require individual patient interactions.

Moreover, obtaining a Ph.D. can propel a Crisis Intervention Specialist into higher echelons of their career, such as academic positions or roles as crisis intervention instructors. This level of education demands significant contributions to the field, including publishing in peer-reviewed journals and mastering the discipline’s fundamental principles. Such advanced roles not only enhance professional growth but also expand the range of career opportunities available in both public and private sectors, as well as in nonprofit organizations. Through these structured educational and certification paths, Crisis Intervention Specialists are well-prepared to advance in their careers, continually enhancing their ability to provide effective support and intervention during crises.

Career Advancement Opportunities for Crisis Intervention Specialists

Leadership and Supervisory Roles

Crisis intervention specialists can move up to leadership positions where they manage teams and oversee programs. These roles often involve guiding less experienced staff and ensuring the quality of services provided. This step up not only brings more responsibility but also the chance to shape the direction of crisis intervention efforts.

Specialization in Specific Populations

Some specialists choose to focus on working with particular groups, such as children, veterans, or individuals with substance abuse issues. Specializing allows them to develop deeper expertise and provide more targeted support. This path can lead to becoming a recognized expert in that area, opening doors to new opportunities.

Engagement in Research and Policy Development

Another avenue for career growth is getting involved in research and policy-making. By contributing to studies and helping to shape policies, crisis intervention specialists can influence the broader field. This work not only advances their careers but also helps improve practices and outcomes for those in crisis.Psychology. Crisis hotline, Support call, psychological help. Yellow hand drawn phone with rad and blue speech bubble.

Conclusion

Through an in-depth examination of the journey to becoming a Crisis Intervention Specialist, this article has elucidated the pivotal roles these professionals play in offering support during crises. Emphasizing the critical skills, requisite educational background, and the importance of continuous professional development and certification, it is clear that becoming a Crisis Intervention Specialist requires dedication, compassion, and a high degree of specialized training. Notably, the article showcased how these specialists not only provide invaluable support to individuals in dire need but also contribute significantly to the broader framework of mental health services.

The significance of ongoing education and the pursuit of advanced certifications underscore a commitment to excellence and an understanding of the evolving nature of crisis intervention. This field, which demands both personal resilience and deep empathy, offers professionals a unique opportunity to make a profound impact on lives during moments of vulnerability. As the landscape of mental health and crisis intervention continues to evolve, the dedication of those who choose this path remains an essential beacon of hope for individuals and communities navigating the complexities of crises.

If you’re a mental healthcare professional and want to become a Crisis Intervention Specialist then please review our Crisis Intervention Counseling Certification Program. Our program requires a student to complete 7 online Crisis Intervention Courses in order to qualify for certification. For more details, please visit our Online Crisis Intervention Counseling Certification program. 

FAQs

  1. What are the fundamental principles guiding crisis intervention?
    The four core principles of crisis intervention include: (1) immediate intervention to stabilize the affected individual or community post-event; (2) helping the victim understand the events that occurred; (3) assisting in problem-solving within feasible limits; and (4) promoting self-reliance to aid in recovery.
  2. What roles do crisis intervention specialists play?
    Crisis intervention specialists engage in various roles, such as: providing affective interventions to help clients express their emotions related to the crisis; offering cognitive interventions to eliminate negative beliefs contributing to the crisis; assigning behavioral tasks, like encouraging social interactions; and more.
  3. What qualities make an effective crisis worker?
    Effective crisis workers possess several key characteristics, including the ability to empathize with clients while maintaining professional detachment, a nonjudgmental attitude, a nonreactive demeanor, a high tolerance for stressful situations, and specialized training in crisis intervention.
  4. What responsibilities does a crisis intervention specialist have?
    A Crisis Intervention Specialist is responsible for assessing and treating individuals with mental, emotional, or substance abuse issues. This can include managing alcohol, tobacco, or drug abuse problems through individual and group therapy, crisis management, case management, client advocacy, and providing educational and preventive measures.
  5. What is a crisis intervention specialist?
    A crisis intervention specialist is a trained professional who helps people in serious and often traumatic situations. They provide support, hope, and healthcare to individuals, families, and communities.
  6. Where do crisis intervention specialists work?
    Crisis intervention specialists can work in many places, like hospitals, mental health clinics, schools, community organizations, and crisis call centers.
  7. What skills are important for a crisis intervention specialist?
    Important skills include good communication, problem-solving, critical thinking, emotional strength, and self-care.
  8. What education is needed to become a crisis intervention specialist?
    You usually need a relevant degree, like in psychology or social work, and specialized training. Continuing education is also important to keep up with new methods.
  9. How do crisis intervention specialists help communities?
    They support people in crisis, help make communities stronger, and work with local resources to provide better care.

Research Articles:

Fortifying the Foundations: A Comprehensive Approach to Enhancing Mental Health Support in Educational Policies Amidst Crises. Wiedermann CJ, Et Al. Healthcare. 2023; 11(10):1423.
Access link here 

Police, ambulance and psychiatric co-response versus usual care for mental health and suicide emergency callouts: A quasi-experimental study. Every-Palmer S, Et Al. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2023;57(4):572-582.
Access link here 

The Missing Piece: A Population Health Perspective to Address the U.S. Mental Health Crisis. Laura Sampson, Et Al. Daedalus 2023; 152 (4): 24–44.
Access link here 

Students’ Perceptions of Crisis Intervention: Using a Trauma Informed Approach Versus Restraint. Mary Triana, Millcreek Township School District Eric Bieniek, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania. 35TH ANNUAL NYAR CONFERENCE (MARCH 3-6, 2024)
Access link here 

 

Crisis Intervention Model: Essential Steps for Effective Response

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

By – James M. Katz, BA

A Crisis Intervention Counseling professional Helping a client
In moments of acute stress and upheaval, the deployment of an effective crisis intervention model can mark the difference between escalation and resolution. Within the framework of mental health and emergency response, such models serve as structured approaches for professionals, including members of a crisis intervention team, to provide immediate emotional support and mitigate the impact of the crisis. Recognizing the importance of these models is paramount in addressing a mental health crisis efficiently, ensuring individuals receive the necessary support during their most vulnerable moments.

This article navigates through various crisis intervention models, delving into their structures, methodologies, and applications. From the ABC Model of Crisis Intervention, which lays out a straightforward approach to crisis response, to Roberts’ Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model and the newer SAFER-R Model, the discussion extends to Lerner and Shelton’s 10 Step Acute Stress & Trauma Management Protocol. Each model offers unique perspectives and strategies on managing crisis interventions effectively. By exploring these different frameworks, the piece aims to guide professionals in choosing the right model to apply in diverse scenarios, fortifying their crisis intervention and response capabilities.

Key Takeaways

  • Crisis intervention models offer structured approaches for helping individuals in acute distress.
  • Different models, such as the ABC Model, Roberts’ Seven-Stage Model, and SAFER-R, provide unique strategies and frameworks.
  • Training and proper implementation of these models are crucial for their effectiveness in real-world scenarios.
  • Understanding the strengths and limitations of each model helps in selecting the most appropriate intervention for specific situations.
  • Integration of multiple models can enhance the overall effectiveness of crisis intervention efforts.

Understanding Crisis Intervention Models

Definition and Purpose

Crisis intervention is a short-term management technique employed to reduce the risk of long-term damage to individuals experiencing acute mental health crises. These crises can range from the trauma of losing a loved one to the stress of a severe illness. The primary aim is to stabilize the individual, provide immediate support, and prevent potential psychological trauma. By obtaining background information, establishing a relationship, and facilitating understanding and coping strategies, professionals can help individuals return to their mental baseline and avoid lasting harm.

Importance in Mental Health

The role of crisis intervention in mental health cannot be overstated. It serves as a critical response mechanism that can prevent the escalation of a crisis into a more severe mental health condition, such as major depressive disorder. Studies have shown that interventions can lead to reduced hospital return visits and shorter stays, which underscores their effectiveness compared to standard care. Furthermore, community mental health centers and local government agencies often employ crisis intervention teams that play a pivotal role in community support during natural or man-made emergencies, enhancing overall psychiatric outcomes.

These teams are equipped to assess and manage crisis situations promptly, providing essential support and referrals to further mental health resources. Their ability to intervene effectively can be crucial in preventing the development of more severe mental health issues and in supporting individuals in regaining control over their lives.

Types of Crisis Intervention Models

ABC Model

The ABC Model of Crisis Intervention is a streamlined approach that combines various methods from crisis counseling experts. Developed further by Kristi Kanel in 2014, this model focuses on three critical stages: establishing and maintaining rapport (A), identifying the problem (B), and coping (C). It emphasizes building trust with the client, understanding the crisis event and its impact, and developing strategies for coping with the situation.

Roberts’ Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model

Albert Roberts developed his Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model over many years, drawing on foundational crisis theory work by Caplan, Golan, and Lindeman. Published in 2005,  the model outlines a systematic process starting with a thorough assessment of the client’s emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions, rapidly establishing rapport, identifying key problems, exploring feelings, developing alternative coping strategies, implementing an action plan, and concluding with follow-up sessions to ensure the client’s recovery.

SAFER-R Model

The SAFER-R Model, created by Dr. George Everly in 1996,  is structured around the biopsychosocial needs of individuals during a crisis. It includes steps such as Stabilize, Acknowledge, Facilitate understanding, Encourage coping, and Recovery or Referral. This model is particularly noted for addressing immediate health and psychological needs, encouraging effective coping mechanisms, and ensuring social support systems are in place to aid recovery.
Lerner and Shelton’s 10 Step Acute Stress & Trauma Management Protocol

Developed by the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, Lerner and Shelton’s protocol provides a comprehensive 10-step approach to manage acute stress and trauma. Key steps include assessing safety, understanding the mechanism of injury, evaluating responsiveness, addressing medical needs, and providing support. This protocol is designed to help emergency responders effectively manage traumatic events and support individuals in navigating through trauma.

ABC Model of Crisis Intervention

Establishing Rapport

The initial stage of the ABC Model of Crisis Intervention focuses on developing and maintaining rapport, which is crucial for building a trusting relationship between the counselor and the individual in crisis. Effective rapport is achieved through both physical and emotional connections. Physically, counselors ensure there are no barriers such as tables or chairs between themselves and the individual, maintain solid eye contact, and orient their bodies towards the person, indicating positive regard. Emotionally, establishing safety and comfort involves validating the individual’s feelings, using empathetic statements, and maintaining a calm, even tone of voice. These attending behaviors demonstrate to the client that the counselor is genuinely engaged and listening, which encourages the individual to communicate more openly and freely.

Identifying the Problem

Once rapport is established, the next step involves identifying the problem. This phase is critical as it helps to clarify the nature of the crisis and the individual’s perceptions and emotions related to it. Counselors use a mix of open and closed questions to delve into the underlying issues that have led to the crisis. By understanding the precipitating events and the individual’s emotional responses, counselors can better address the specific needs and concerns of the person. This process includes recognizing any impairments in functioning, such as difficulties at work or school, and assessing the individual’s pre-crisis level of functioning. Ethical considerations are also crucial at this stage, ensuring that issues like potential harm to oneself or others are addressed.

Coping Strategies

The final stage of the ABC Model is focused on coping and adaptation. Here, counselors work with the individual to develop effective coping strategies that can help manage and mitigate the crisis. This involves exploring past coping behaviors to understand what has been effective or ineffective. Counselors encourage the development of new, healthier coping mechanisms and may suggest additional support such as therapy, support groups, or other community resources. The goal is to empower the individual to handle similar situations in the future more effectively and to establish a plan that includes follow-through on the coping strategies discussed. This stage is crucial for helping the individual regain a sense of control and moving towards recovery.

Roberts’ Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model

Stages Overview

The Roberts’ Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model, developed by Albert Roberts in 1991, is a comprehensive framework used to guide clinicians in systematically addressing and managing crisis situations. The model emphasizes a structured planning and implementation of interventions to ensure effective crisis resolution. It involves the following stages:

1. Plan and Conduct Crisis and Biopsychosocial Assessment: This stage includes assessing the risks of suicide, medical needs, and identifying protection and persistence resources such as family and other support systems.
2. Establish Rapport and Psychological Relationship: Clinicians focus on building trust and acceptance with clients, ensuring a therapeutic relationship is formed without judgment.
3. Identify Dimensions of the Problem or Crisis: Evaluating the issues and challenges faced by the clients, this stage shines a light on potential coping mechanisms.
4. Explore Feelings and Emotions: Active listening and empathetic responses are key to understanding the emotional state of the clients, enhancing the helping process.
5. Explore Alternative Coping Strategies: This involves assessing previously used methods and creatively finding new solutions that suit the client’s situation.
6. Develop an Action Plan: Clinicians work with clients to identify support networks and reference sources that can aid in the execution of the coping strategies.
7. Follow-Up Plan: Planning follow-ups is crucial to evaluate the client’s progress and ensure they are managing the crisis effectively post-intervention.

Implementing Each Stage

Implementation of each stage in the Roberts’ Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model requires a careful and tailored approach to each client’s unique situation. Clinicians begin with a thorough biopsychosocial assessment, including lethality measures, to grasp the full scope of the crisis. Establishing a rapid, collaborative relationship is crucial for effective intervention and client comfort.

As they move through the stages, clinicians explore the client’s feelings and the dimensions of their problems, including crisis precipitants or the “last straw” events. This exploration is supported by active listening, validation of the client’s emotions, and an avoidance of victim-blaming.
Generating and exploring alternatives is a collaborative process, where clinicians empower clients to generate their own solutions and provide access to untapped resources. The development of an action plan is a participatory process, ensuring clients are involved in every step and have various options for organizing and recording their plans.

The follow-up stage is flexible but structured, aimed at maintaining client safety and integrating trauma-specific services if necessary. Clinicians remain sensitive to the potential for re-traumatization and ensure that any necessary adjustments to autonomy are transparent and minimal.
By adhering to these stages, clinicians can provide a trauma-informed, effective response to clients in crisis, supporting them in navigating through and ultimately overcoming the crisis.

SAFER-R Model

Principles of the Model

The SAFER-R Model, developed by Dr. George Everly, is rooted in the biopsychosocial model and addresses the immediate needs of individuals in a crisis. This model is designed not as a therapy substitute but as a method for stabilizing and mitigating acute crisis reactions. It is widely recognized for its effectiveness in crisis intervention, especially in fields requiring quick and efficient psychological first aid, such as emergency services and military operations.

Steps to Implement the Model

1. Stabilize: The first step involves ensuring the individual’s basic needs are met. This includes assessing their safety, health status, and immediate physical needs like food or drink to help stabilize their condition.
2. Acknowledge: This step focuses on acknowledging the crisis event and the individual’s reactions to it. It involves listening to the details of the event without judgment and understanding the emotional impact on the individual.
3. Facilitate Understanding: At this stage, the responder helps the individual understand and normalize their reactions to the crisis. This involves encouraging the expression of difficult emotions and providing reassurance as they move towards recovery.
4. Encourage Effective Coping: This involves identifying and reinforcing the individual’s personal coping mechanisms. It also includes discussing physical self-care practices such as diet, hydration, and sleep, alongside exploring available social support to aid in stress reduction and return to normalcy.
5. Recovery or Referral: The final step assesses the individual’s recovery progress and determines the need for further care. If the individual’s condition is not adequately stabilized, referrals to mental health professionals are considered to ensure continued support and care.

By following these steps, practitioners can provide immediate and effective support to individuals experiencing a crisis, helping them navigate through their immediate challenges and commence the recovery process.

Lerner and Shelton’s 10 Step Acute Stress & Trauma Management Protocol

Steps Overview

Lerner and Shelton’s 10 Step Acute Stress & Trauma Management Protocol, developed by the American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress, offers a structured approach for emergency responders handling traumatic events. The protocol includes the following steps:

1. Assess for danger/safety of self and others: Ensure the safety of the patient, those around them, and the responder.
2. Consider the mechanism of injury: Determine how the trauma has affected the individual physically or mentally.
3. Evaluate the level of responsiveness: Check if the individual is under the influence of substances or otherwise impaired.
4. Address medical needs: Provide immediate medical care as necessary.
5. Observe and identify: Recognize signs of traumatic stress in the patient.
6. Connect with the individual: Establish rapport and begin to communicate with the patient.
7. Ground the individual: Encourage the patient to discuss the traumatic event and ground their experience in reality.
8. Provide support: Offer empathy and actively listen to the patient’s concerns.
9. Normalize the response: Validate the patient’s reactions to the trauma and reassure them that recovery is possible.
10. Prepare for the future: Help the patient anticipate future challenges and provide referrals for ongoing support.

Application in Crisis Situations

The word Crisis in bold lettering showing the need for Crisis Intervention CounselingIn crisis situations, the protocol provides practical tools to address a wide spectrum of traumatic experiences, from mild to severe. It aims to “jump-start” an individual’s coping and problem-solving abilities, stabilize acute symptoms of traumatic stress, and stimulate healthy, adaptive functioning. The protocol is particularly effective in connecting with emotionally distraught individuals, offering strategies to engage and support them through challenging emotional states.
For instance, emergency responders might use techniques such as Distraction, Disruption, and Diffusion to engage individuals who are displaying intense emotional reactions. These techniques help break through emotional barriers by matching or redirecting the individual’s emotional and physical state, thereby facilitating a more controlled and supportive intervention.

Overall, the Lerner and Shelton’s protocol is designed not only to manage the immediate effects of trauma but also to enhance the long-term well-being of those affected, increasing the likelihood of seeking further mental health intervention if needed.

Choosing the Right Model

When selecting a crisis intervention model, several critical factors should be considered to ensure the chosen approach aligns with both the practitioner’s capabilities and the specific needs of the client.

Factors to Consider

1. Philosophical and Professional Alignment:  Professionals should choose a crisis intervention model that resonates with their personal philosophy and professional style. It’s also vital to consider the requirements and protocols of the organizations they are affiliated with, as these often dictate the specific models and approaches to be employed.
2. Model Suitability and Goals: Each crisis intervention model, from the ABCD Model to Psychological First Aid, aims to stabilize, reduce symptoms, and restore adaptive functioning. Selecting the right model involves understanding the specific goals of each and matching these with the crisis at hand.
3. Client’s Needs and Crisis Type: The nature of the crisis—  whether it is acute, chronic, developmental, or situational—significantly influences the choice of an intervention model. A model that provides immediate problem-solving may be suitable for acute crises, whereas others that offer more emotional support may be better for chronic conditions.
4. Cultural and Contextual Sensitivity: The chosen model must be adaptable to the cultural context and sensitive to the unique circumstances of the client. This includes considering the client’s background, existing support systems, and risk factors.

Tailoring to Individual Needs

The effectiveness of a crisis intervention greatly depends on how well the model is tailored to meet the individual needs of the client. This includes:

1. Assessment of Immediate Needs:  Identifying the immediate needs of the client is crucial. This involves a rapid assessment of their physical and emotional safety and determining the most pressing concerns to address.
2. Building Rapport: Establishing a strong rapport is foundational in crisis intervention. The chosen model should facilitate a connection that makes the client feel understood and supported, enhancing the effectiveness of the intervention.
3. Empowerment and Participation: Engaging clients in the intervention process empowers them and can lead to more effective outcomes. The model should encourage clients to participate actively in developing coping strategies and making decisions about their care.
4. Adaptability and Flexibility: The model must be flexible enough to adapt to the changing dynamics of the crisis. This includes being able to shift strategies as the client’s needs evolve during the intervention process.

By carefully considering these factors and tailoring the intervention to the individual needs of the client, crisis intervention professionals can enhance their effectiveness, leading to better outcomes for those they serve.

Best Practices in Crisis Response

Strategic Crisis Response planning is necessary for developing a comprehensive crisis intervention plan before deployment and providing services. Knowing what sequence of crisis intervention processes to use for which individuals or groups, at what times, and under what circumstances is crucial to all effective early intervention programs. An effective strategic plan identifies and assesses target populations and determines the types of interventions, when to apply the interventions, and the resources required.

Ethical Considerations

Numerous crisis response programs, services, approaches, and methods have been developed to prevent, mitigate, and recover from the natural human stress reactions in the aftermath of tragic events. All crisis intervention modalities have the same goals: to stabilize, reduce symptoms, and return to adaptive functioning or to facilitate access to continued care. Ethical considerations are paramount in ensuring that interventions are both effective and respectful of the individuals’ rights and needs.

Case Management Strategies

Observe the signs and symptoms of distress and use appropriate crisis intervention tactics in response to those symptoms. Differentiate which signs and symptoms of acute stress have the potential for long-term effects and address those. Consider the needs of the individual and tailor crisis intervention to those needs. Time the crisis intervention based on the readiness of the individual rather than the actual passage of time.

Psychological First Aid (PFA)

Basic Elements

Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a supportive intervention designed to help individuals in the immediate aftermath of a disaster or traumatic event. It focuses on providing practical care and support, assessing needs and concerns, and helping people address basic needs. PFA is not about diagnosing or treating mental health conditions but about promoting a sense of safety, calm, and hope.

Use in Disaster Response

PFA is widely used in disaster response scenarios to provide immediate emotional and psychological support to affected individuals. It is designed to be simple and pragmatic, ensuring that responders can offer effective assistance without needing extensive mental health training. The approach is flexible and can be adapted to various cultural contexts and specific disaster situations.

Training and Certification

Training in PFA equips responders with the skills to offer immediate support and identify those who may need more intensive mental health care. Certification programs are available to ensure that individuals are adequately prepared to deliver PFA in crisis situations. These programs often include modules on active listening, empathy, and practical problem-solving skills.

Theories Underpinning Crisis Intervention Models

Crisis intervention is a relatively new field compared to other forms of therapy, and as such, crisis theory is still being developed. Most forms of therapies have an underlying theory based on research that provides a framework for treatment. The crisis intervention models were developed by experts in the field who provide crisis intervention and are based on both their experiences and research. Foundational theories by Caplan, Golan, and Lindemann have significantly influenced modern crisis intervention models. Intervention specialists have begun to make connections between the underlying emotions and circumstances common in crisis intervention, regardless of the type of trauma causing the crisis.

Conclusion

A cartoon character walking a tight rope as the hand of a crisis Intervention Counselor leads them across.
Throughout this discourse on crisis intervention models, we’ve traversed a panoramic landscape of methodologies, from the ABC Model’s structured simplicity to the depth of Roberts’ Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model and the biopsychosocial groundedness of the SAFER-R Model, signaling the cornerstones of crisis response. The essence captured within each model illuminates the imperative of tailored interventions, underscoring the diversity and complexity inherent in crisis situations. By distilling these models to their core principles, we’ve aimed to furnish professionals with the insights necessary to navigate the multifaceted realms of crisis intervention, highlighting the quintessential goal: stabilizing, supporting, and steering individuals through their most tumultuous times toward a semblance of their pre-crisis equilibrium.

Significantly, our journey through the various models reiterates the broader implications these methodologies bear on the fields of mental health and emergency response—emphasizing the need for an adept, compassionate, and informed approach to crisis intervention. As we culminate our exploration, the call to action extends beyond the confines of theory into the practical realms where these models find their application. It enjoins professionals to continuously refine their skills, advance their understanding, and remain agile in their methodologies, thus ensuring that individuals in crisis receive not just immediate relief but a pathway to recovery rooted in understanding, empathy, and effective intervention strategies. The commitment to adopting and adapting these models according to individual needs and crisis contexts consequently positions professionals to make a substantive difference in the lives of those they aim to serve.

If you’re a mental health counselor or in the healthcare, Mental healthcare, or emergency service industries and would like to learn more about crisis intervention counseling please consider reviewing the rest of our website. We offer an online Crisis Intervention Counseling program as well as Crisis Intervention Counseling courses for professional CE credits. For more information about our Certification in Crisis Intervention Counseling please visit our program’s webpage here. 

FAQs

What are crisis intervention models?

Crisis intervention models are structured approaches used by counselors to help individuals in crisis. They represent the clinical processes that can be used individually or in combination to meet the needs of a person in crisis.

Why is it important to choose the right crisis intervention model?

Choosing the right crisis intervention model is crucial because it should align with the counselor’s philosophy, personality, and professional style. Additionally, organizations may require specific protocols to ensure that volunteers are properly trained and can work well with other team responders.

What are some examples of crisis intervention models?

Some examples of crisis intervention models include the ABC Model, Roberts’ Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model, Lerner and Shelton’s 10-Step Acute Stress & Trauma Management Protocol, the SAFER-R Model, and the ACT Model.

What are the six steps involved in crisis intervention? Crisis intervention consists of six key steps:

• Step One: Define the Problem. This step involves identifying the specific problem that needs to be addressed.
• Step Two: Ensure Safety. The priority in this step is to secure the safety of all individuals involved.
• Step Three: Provide Support. Offering emotional and practical support is crucial at this stage.
• Step Four: Examine Alternatives. This involves exploring different solutions to the problem.
• Step Five: Make a Plan. Develop a clear plan of action to tackle the crisis.
• Step Six: Obtain Commitment. Secure a commitment to the plan from all parties involved.

What are the five phases of the crisis management model? The crisis management model includes five distinct phases:

• Phase 1: Early Warning and Signal Detection. Recognizing the signs that a crisis may be imminent.
• Phase 2: Preparation and Prevention. Taking steps to prepare and prevent the crisis.
• Phase 3: Damage Containment. Efforts to limit the impact and spread of the crisis.
• Phase 4: Recovery. Working towards normalcy and repairing damage.
• Phase 5: Learning and Reflection. Analyzing the crisis to improve future responses.

What are the four stages of crisis response? The response to a crisis can be broken down into four stages:

• Pre-crisis: The phase before the crisis occurs.
• Crisis: The actual occurrence of the crisis.
• Response: Actions taken to deal with the crisis.
• Recovery: Efforts to return to normalcy and learn from the crisis.

What are the three steps of the ABC model of crisis intervention? The ABC model of crisis intervention includes three primary steps:

• A: Developing and maintaining rapport. Establish a connection with the individual in crisis.
• B: Helping the individual identify and process their feelings and perceptions related to the crisis.
• C: Encouraging focus on coping and adaptation strategies. Assist the individual in finding ways to manage and adapt to their situation.

What is Psychological First Aid (PFA)?

Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a crisis intervention model used in disaster response. It aims to reduce initial distress and foster short- and long-term adaptive functioning and coping.

Why is ongoing training important in crisis intervention?

Ongoing training is essential in crisis intervention to ensure that counselors are up-to-date with the latest techniques and best practices. Proper training also ensures that they can effectively implement the chosen crisis intervention models and work well within their organizations.

What is Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)?

Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) is a crisis intervention model that focuses on providing support to individuals who have experienced traumatic events. It is often used in organizational settings and has a significant impact on first responders.

Additional Resources:

The Impact of Organizational Culture on Leadership Strategies in Crisis Management. Niña A. Martinez, Et Al. Excellencia: International Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Education (2994-9521), Vol. 1 No. 5 (2023). ARTICLES Published 2023-11-29

Access link here 

Review: Crisis responses for children and young people – a systematic review of effectiveness, experiences and service organisation (CAMH-Crisis). Deborah Edwards, Judith Carrier, Et Al. The Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. First published: 14 February 2023

Access link here

Solution Focused Brief Therapy Telemental Health Suicide Intervention. Finlayson, B.T., Jones, E. & Pickens, J.C. Contemp Fam Ther 45, 49–60 (2023).
Access link here

The spatial (in)stability of mental health calls for police service. Jacek Koziarski. (2022). Criminology & Public Policy 22:2, pages 293-322.

Access link here 

 

Finding the Real and Right Story in Counseling

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

Counseling is about the person and the person’s story.   Like so many things in life, everything is not usually black and white.  There are a variety of shades of color from multiple perspectives in life that can make the story of the client incomplete.  For starters, the client has  his/her own subjective experience with the events within the story.  The unique experience of the client may very well be true from the client’s point of view due to the subjective factors and information available.  In addition, the client may possess a variety of blinders to certain truths that may be painful to accept or realize.  In other cases, the client may have various personality disorders that completely distort the reality of the events.  Whether purposeful or not, these distortions can cause larger issues in the healing, changing and transformational process.

Counselor help clients tell their story but also help them see the real story and how to find the right story

Throughout the blogs on counseling techniques, we have discussed numerous skills a counselor must utilize to help a client find change.  This blog will bring many of these skills together in helping forge the client’s initial story into the real and right story (Egan, 2019, p. 270).  Egan guides the counselor in addressing the story told, but also how to help push the client forward into telling the real and right story.  This helps the client enter into a state of self discovery so that as the story progresses, the client not only heals but also changes and transforms with the reality of the story.

Of course, as a counselor, one cannot make a client change, nor can a counselor sometimes ruthlessly correct or tell a client he/she is wrong.  The skills of counseling help the counselor with empathy and patience, gently nudge and guide the client to truth and help the client choose to pursue that truth.  This stems first by forming a strong relationship of trust with the client. It involves basic attending skills of empathetic listening, observing and responding to help understand the client and better address the issues.  Through empathetic listening and excellent observations, one can begin to see if any discrepancies exist within the story and how to better empathetically confront the client to recognizing the real story and then challenging the client to the right story and course of action, all the while, supplying the client with resources and encouragement to move forward.

 

The Story

Egan emphasizes that when helping the client tell the story that the counselor needs to make the client feel safe in the encounter.  Egan also encourages counselors to understand the styles between different cultures and how different cultures may express stories.  Some clients divulge and talk, others are more quiet, while others supply numerous details and others are vague.  Some clients may tell the core of the story and leave out secondary issues, while others may approach the story the opposite direction.  Some clients may go off topic, while others may stay on topic (Egan, 2019, p. 274-275). This is why it is important to identify what is going on or what the client is feeling at the moment, identify what the client wants and how to get what the client needs.  In this regard, counselors can help clients identify key issues and help them discuss the past but in a productive way that helps the past not define them but help them learn (Egan, 2019, p. 181).  Egan also points out it is imperative to identify the severity of the initial story.  Will this client need basic counseling or require crisis counseling?  Clinical counselors may be able to better handle the issue presented or see the need for a specialist.  Pastoral counselors dealing with issues beyond basic loss and grief, may identify something more severe and need to refer the client to a clinical counselor.

Sometimes when helping a client tell their story, it can also be useful to utilize Narrative Therapy which helps differentiate the person from the issues.  At the end of the blog, there are links to better understand Narrative Therapy and its role in telling the story.

The Real Story

After identifying the key elements of the story, counselors can help clients start to see the real story by exposing with empathy any discrepancies or any blinders a client may possess.  Through empathetic confrontation, a counselor can help a client see both sides or different angles to the story that the client may not had seen initially.  In this way, the counselor challenges the client in the quality of their perception and participation in the story (Egan, 2019, p. 289).  In dealing with the real story, Egan also points out that counselors can help clients understand their own problems and be better equipped to own their own problems and unused opportunities.  When a client is gently nudged to the realities of the real story, a counselor can help the client see that the real issue is not impossible to rectify and begin to present problem maintenance structures which help clients identify, explore and act properly with their real issues (Egan, 2019,p. 292).  Challenging and encouraging like a coach, can help clients move forward to begin to make the right story in their life.

The Right Story

In telling the right story, the client is pushed to new directions.  The client no longer denies the need to change, but has to some extent acknowledged it.  In previous blogs, we discuss issues that correlate with change in a client.  When the client is ready to change, the client still requires guidance and help.  The counselor helps the client choose various issues that will make a true difference in his/her life.   When looking at these issues, the counselor helps the client set goals.  The goals should be manageable at first and lead to bigger things but only after smaller steps to avoid let down.  The counselor can help the client choose from various options and cost benefits, as well as helping the client make proper choices (Egan, 2019, p. 299-301).   The counselor, like a coach, helps the client push forward and improve in life.  Within the phase of telling the right story, the counselor helps the client with goals but also helps the client see the impact new goals can give to life as well as the needed commitment to those goals to ensure a continued transformation.  In previous blogs, we discuss the importance of helping clients face change and develop goals. In essence, goals are developed and strategies are conceived to meet those goals

Stages of Change 

Throughout the process, Egan points out that the process involves three stages.  First, telling the story so that it transforms into the real and right one.  Second, helping the client design and set forth problem managing goals and third and finally, setting into motion those plans with strategies (Egan, 2019).  These phases involve various skillsets that the counselor must employ at different phases and stages. It involves the counselor being a listener, advisor, encourager and coach.  The counselor applies basic attending skills, in previous blogs, and utilize those attending skills in productive responses and when necessary confrontations.  Everything is accomplished with empathy and patience but the skills, built upon trust, allow the counselor to awaken the client to new realities.  Following these earlier discussions, the counselor becomes and advisor and coach in helping the client find ways to change and implement new goals and strategies.  The counselor uses encouragement skills, coaching skills, and directive skills to help the client discover the power to choose wisely and act in a more healthy fashion.  Ultimately it is about the client discovering his/her own inner abilities to not only change but to sustain change.

Conclusion

No client is the same and many will have different innate virtues or vices, talents or deficiencies, strengths or weaknesses.  It is up to the counselor to help cultivate what is best in the client and help the client become his/her very best.  Through individual skills, the counselor can help within each session, but the counselor must try and fail with multiple different theories and therapies that work best for his/her client.  This involves realizing that each case is unique and different people will respond differently to different practices or approaches.  A counselor must forever remain creative and flexible in approaches and adhere to the standards of empathy which helps establish trust with clients.

Counselors play the role of listener, advisor and coach. Please also review AIHCP’s numerous mental healthcare certifications for Human Service and Healthcare professionals

A counselor can utilize a basic structure of identifying the problem, helping the client see where he/she wishes to be and help the client find ways to do it.  This involves working the client through the story and helping them see the real and right story moving forward.  It involves then goal setting and moving forward with action.  It makes the counselor more than a listener and advisor but also a coach.

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous counseling programs for those in the Human Service and Healthcare fields.  While clinical counselors have more ability to help clients deeper with issues, pastoral counselors in Human Service can also help.  This is why AIHCP offers these certifications to both clinical and non clinical Human Service professionals.  The programs in mental health include a Grief Counseling Certification, as well as a Christian Counseling Certification, Crisis Counseling Certification, Stress Management Consulting Certification and Anger Management Specialist Certification. The programs themselves are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.  Please review AIHCP’s numerous certification programs.

 

 

Reference

Egan, G. and Reese, R. (2019). “The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed.) Cengage.

Additional Resources

Ackerman, C. (2017). “19 Best Narrative Therapy Techniques & Worksheets”. Positive Psychology. Access here

Bates, D. (2022). “Storytelling in Counseling Is Often the Key to Successful Outcomes”. Psychotherapy.net.  Access here

Guy Evans, O. (2023). “Narrative Therapy: Definition, Techniques & Interventions”. Simply Psychology.  Access here

“Narrative Therapy”. Psychology Today.  Access here