Christian counseling

Top Challenges for Christian Counselors

Posted on by Mark Moran

I.      Introduction

In a world increasingly characterized by diverse beliefs and values, the role of Christian counselors has become more nuanced and complex, mirroring the complexities of contemporary society itself. These professionals are not only tasked with providing emotional support to individuals facing various challenges, but they must also navigate the intricate interplay between faith and mental health, which can be particularly sensitive and personal. The specific challenges they face include maintaining a delicate balance between adherence to Christian principles, such as compassion and forgiveness, and the professional obligations mandated by modern counseling practices that may emphasize secular approaches. As they engage in therapeutic relationships, Christian counselors must also confront the reality of differing theological interpretations among clients, which can give rise to tension in the counseling dynamic and complicate communication. Furthermore, public perception may sometimes stigmatize their approach to therapy, often leading to difficulties in attracting clients who are open to integrating spirituality into their mental health care, which can be a valuable part of the healing process for many. Additionally, the increasing polarization around religious beliefs in today’s society may further complicate these dynamics, making it imperative for counselors to possess not only strong clinical skills but also a deep understanding of various belief systems. Thus, addressing these multifaceted challenges is essential for Christian counselors to provide effective, empathetic, and faith-based therapeutic support, which is not only beneficial for their clients but also enriches the therapeutic landscape as a whole.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals.  The program is integrated in nature and ties biblical and psychological practices together to help individuals face life issues as well as other moral problems from a Christian tradition.

A.    Definition of Christian counseling

Christian Counselors bring a unique balance of biblical principles and psychological principles to helping individuals face emotional and moral problems.

 

At its core, Christian counseling represents a unique and meaningful approach that merges psychological principles with deeply held theological beliefs to promote holistic healing and personal growth. This multifaceted process involves not only addressing emotional and mental health concerns but also thoughtfully incorporating spiritual components that hold significant importance for the client. Unlike traditional forms of therapy that may focus solely on psychological techniques, Christian counseling places a strong emphasis on fostering a personal relationship with God and often draws from biblical teachings as a foundational source for addressing life’s personal struggles and challenges. Counselors within this field face unique challenges and opportunities, such as navigating the various client expectations rooted deeply in their faith traditions, all while ensuring adherence to established psychological methodologies and best practices. Furthermore, Christian counselors must be adequately equipped to handle sensitive issues like spiritual crises or a lack of understanding about mental health—issues that are crucial for effective and transformative counseling experiences. They must provide care that is both respectful of the client’s spiritual beliefs and responsive to their mental health needs. For instance, the experiences and insights gained by counselors-in-training have shown that understanding holistic wellness, as discussed in (Reyes et al., 2020), is essential for truly supporting clients in their spiritual, emotional, and psychological journeys, creating an environment where comprehensive healing can take place.

B.    Importance of addressing challenges faced by Christian counselors

Navigating the myriad challenges faced by Christian counselors is crucial not only for their professional development but also for the effectiveness of their therapeutic practice. These counselors often grapple with integrating their faith into a secular counseling framework while maintaining respect for their clients’ diverse belief systems. This dual obligation can lead to ethical dilemmas, particularly when clients’ spiritual needs diverge from the counselor’s personal convictions. For instance, as noted in research about the incorporation of indigenous cultural practices in counseling, many practitioners struggle with limited knowledge of how to address clients cultural beliefs effectively ((Bhusumane et al., 2007)). By actively confronting these challenges, counselors can develop a more culturally competent approach that honors their clients’ backgrounds, ultimately fostering a more inclusive environment. Moreover, addressing these obstacles not only enhances the therapeutic alliance but also encourages a more fruitful dialogue between Christian counselors and other practitioners, paving the way for collaborative care ((McMinn et al., 2012)).

C.    Overview of the main challenges to be discussed

Christian counselors often face a unique set of challenges that arise from the intricate balance between their spiritual beliefs and the professional requirements of counseling. One prominent issue is the necessity to integrate faith-based perspectives with evidence-based practices, which not only creates tension between personal convictions and therapeutic methodologies but also raises questions about the effectiveness and appropriateness of certain strategies in diverse counseling situations. Counselors may struggle with maintaining professionalism while also responding to their clients’ spiritual needs, leading to potential conflicts in their approach that could affect client outcomes. Furthermore, the stigma surrounding mental health within certain religious communities can pose significant barriers for both counselors and their clients, influencing the willingness to seek help and the openness of discussions, which may close off valuable avenues of support. This multifaceted landscape of challenges—including the emotional toll of client engagement, the need to navigate ethical dilemmas, and the necessity for ongoing personal and professional development—warrants thorough exploration. By critically examining these elements, we can gain a more nuanced understanding of the complexities faced by Christian counselors as they endeavor to provide holistic care to their clients, while also considering the broader implications of their practices within the context of faith and mental health.

II.  Ethical Dilemmas

As a counselor, Christian counselors can face very similar ethical dilemmas that other counselors face but in particular facing clients who may not always agree to Christian moral concepts

Navigating the landscape of ethical dilemmas is a formidable challenge for Christian counselors, who often find their personal beliefs tested against professional responsibilities. The intricate balance they must maintain becomes even more evident when they are confronted with sensitive and multifaceted issues such as euthanasia, where deep moral questions arise. In these situations, counselors must navigate the delicate interplay between compassion for their clients and steadfast adherence to their ethical frameworks, which can sometimes be starkly different. Research indicates a significant correlation between counselors’ personal beliefs—especially their religious perspectives—and their attitudes toward end-of-life decisions ((Johns et al., 2015)). This connection underscores the powerful influence that individual values can have on professional conduct. In many instances, these deeply held moral convictions can complicate the counselor’s ability to provide unbiased support to clients, leading to potential conflicts between personal ethics and client autonomy that must be thoughtfully managed. Furthermore, the pressure to uphold professional standards while simultaneously maintaining a Christian worldview can generate a profound sense of internal strife. Counselors often grapple not only with the implications of their choices on client welfare but also with the broader ethical considerations that accompany their professional duties ((Johns et al., 2015)). These tensions may lead to feelings of doubt and anxiety regarding their effectiveness and integrity as practitioners. Ultimately, recognizing these ethical dilemmas is crucial, as it allows counselors to engage in reflective practice, which is essential for personal growth and the cultivation of empathy. This awareness ensures that they can provide care that aligns effectively with both their ethical standards and the unique needs of their clients.

A.    Balancing faith-based beliefs with professional ethics

Navigating the complex interplay between personal faith and professional ethics presents a significant challenge for Christian counselors. They must adhere to ethical guidelines established by professional organizations while also remaining true to their religious beliefs. This balancing act becomes particularly pronounced when clients values or life choices clash with the counselors faith-based principles. For instance, in the context of mental health counseling, lay counselors in Kenya reported experiencing stress and burnout when their personal beliefs were challenged by the realities faced by clients, yet they still sought to provide high-quality care (Ayuku et al., 2020). This struggle is not unique to global contexts; Black male pastors in the United States also face similar difficulties, feeling pressured to support their congregants while often neglecting their own self-care and well-being (Metcalf et al., 2022). Ultimately, Christian counselors must develop strategies for reconciling these competing demands to provide effective care without compromising their ethical integrity.

B.    Navigating confidentiality issues in a religious context

Confidentiality remains a complex issue for Christian counselors, particularly within the unique dynamics of religious communities, which prompt deeper reflection on ethical responsibilities. The balancing act between maintaining client privacy and upholding the church’s ethical standards can present formidable challenges that require careful consideration of the potential consequences of confidentiality breaches. Counselors must navigate the expectations of their congregants, who may assume that discussions within a religious context are inherently confidential, thereby complicating the counselor’s role. However, situations may arise where disclosure is warranted, especially when safeguarding the client’s welfare or adhering to church discipline procedures, necessitating a critical exploration of what constitutes a ‘safe’ disclosure. This intricacy is compounded when considering counseling services that lack a comprehensive integration of mental health principles, which raises questions about the adequacy of support being provided. For instance, current biblical counseling practices often prioritize spiritual guidance over psychological insights, potentially neglecting critical aspects of a person’s mental and emotional health [(cite12)]. Thus, as Christian counselors strive to provide holistic support, they must establish clear boundaries concerning confidentiality while engaging in ongoing dialogue about the ethical implications of their dual roles as counselor and spiritual leader, ultimately fostering trust and ensuring that their approach aligns with both spiritual and mental health needs.

C.    Handling conflicts between client values and counselor beliefs

Navigating the intricate terrain of client values versus counselor beliefs poses a significant challenge for Christian counselors, demanding a thoughtful and analytical approach. When a client’s values conflict with the counselor’s faith-based principles, it is imperative for counselors to adopt a stance of humility and openness, prioritizing a client-centered focus throughout the sessions. This approach is not just a best practice; it is crucial because rigid adherence to personal beliefs can alienate clients, which may result in a breakdown of the therapeutic relationship. Moreover, it is essential to recognize that many individuals from diverse backgrounds, including African Americans, might be hesitant to seek help due to cultural mistrust and the perception that therapy contradicts their faith ((Law et al., 2024)). Therefore, effective conflict resolution techniques, such as active listening and compassion, should be employed strategically to cultivate a safe environment that encourages dialogue about these differences. By focusing critically on understanding the client’s perspective and promoting a respectful exchange, counselors can bridge the gap between differing value systems. This reflective practice not only enhances the therapeutic process but also improves client outcomes, fostering a more inclusive and supportive counseling atmosphere.

III.             Cultural Sensitivity

While still maintaining a biblical perspective, Christian Counselors still need to be well trained in cultural competencies as cultural diversity to better serve clients

In the realm of counseling, an acute awareness of cultural sensitivity is essential for fostering an effective therapeutic environment that can cater to a diverse clientele. Christian counselors, in particular, must navigate the complexities associated with their clients’ diverse backgrounds, beliefs, and individual experiences. This nuanced approach requires not only a thorough understanding of various cultural frameworks but also a steadfast commitment to respect and affirm each client’s unique identity and lived experiences. For instance, the experiences of same-sex parents seeking support underline the critical need for practitioners to move beyond traditional heteronormative perspectives, which can often marginalize their realities. Many parents have reported significant difficulties when attempting to access appropriate services due to the considerable lack of understanding and sensitivity from providers, which can inadvertently perpetuate feelings of exclusion and invalidation (Gahan et al., 2017). Additionally, it is imperative that the emphasis on education and training for all service providers transcends the confines of their specialization. This concern is crucial to ensure that they are well-equipped to meet the specific and varying needs of all clients, including those from marginalized and underrepresented groups (College Board Advocacy & Policy Center, 2012). By fostering a culture of understanding and inclusivity, practitioners can better engage with their clients and address their distinct cultural narratives. Thus, cultivating cultural sensitivity not only enhances the counselor-client relationship but also serves as a foundational pillar that is vital for effective practice within the counseling field. As such, embracing cultural sensitivity should be viewed as an ongoing commitment to providing equitable and affirming care to every individual.

A.    Understanding diverse backgrounds and beliefs of clients

Effective counseling requires a nuanced understanding of clients’ diverse backgrounds and beliefs, particularly for Christian counselors who may encounter clients from various faith traditions and cultural practices. Engaging with clients from different cultural and spiritual backgrounds is essential not only because it fosters a supportive therapeutic environment but also because it enables counselors to develop the cultural competence necessary for achieving impactful and effective practice. The integration of spirituality into therapeutic settings, as highlighted in (Sutherland-Smith et al., 2024), poses a significant challenge for counselors and emphasizes the importance of being sensitive to and respectful of clients’ unique spiritual experiences while providing care. This sensitivity is crucial as it acknowledges that each client carries with them a distinct set of beliefs and values that shape their worldview. Furthermore, research on counselors’ preparedness to work with refugee populations demonstrates the necessity of understanding the sociocultural contexts that influence clients’ experiences, challenges, and mental health needs ((Atiyeh et al., 2019)). By prioritizing a comprehensive understanding of diversity, Christian counselors can better bridge gaps in communication and trust. This proactive approach ultimately enhances therapeutic outcomes for clients who are navigating multifaceted challenges that are deeply intertwined with their backgrounds and beliefs. By being aware of these elements, counselors can facilitate a more personalized and effective therapeutic relationship, empowering clients to explore their identities and experiences within a safe and nurturing space.

B.    Addressing potential biases in counseling practices

In the field of counseling, particularly from a Christian perspective, acknowledging personal and systemic biases is not only crucial but also imperative for effective practice. Counselors may unconsciously project their own beliefs and values onto clients, which can significantly hinder open communication and impede the healing process. To effectively address these biases, counselors must engage in intentional self-reflection and ongoing education about diverse backgrounds and experiences. This necessitates asking probing questions about one’s assumptions and understanding how they might affect the therapeutic relationship. As noted in the literature, this document serves as a practical guide to assist schools and districts by providing comprehensive information, resources, and tools to further the development of Positive School Discipline practices (Oliver et al., 2018). This framework, with its emphasis on fostering understanding and reducing judgment, can likewise be applied within counseling settings. Furthermore, the ongoing discussion surrounding ableism underscores the necessity of recognizing hidden diversities, illustrating that less observable issues, such as chronic illness and chronic pain, are often omitted in standard discourse (Haas et al., 2019). By confronting these biases with a critical eye and actively examining the intersectionality of various identities, Christian counselors can create a more inclusive, empathetic, and ultimately effective environment for their clients. This thoughtful approach not only encourages personal and collective growth but also helps dismantle the barriers that biases may create, leading to a richer, more nuanced understanding of each client’s unique situation and needs.

C.    Adapting counseling techniques to fit various cultural contexts

Counselors are increasingly confronted with the imperative to adapt their techniques in ways that are responsive to the diverse cultural backgrounds of their clients. This necessity becomes especially pronounced when engaging with immigrant populations, such as Korean immigrant women, who may encounter unique and multifaceted challenges arising from their specific cultural contexts. It is essential for counselors to critically assess how factors like acculturation, English proficiency, and cultural identity influence these women’s experiences. Research indicates that immigration can result in both trauma and avenues for posttraumatic growth, highlighting the need for counselors to consider these aspects holistically in their practice (Lim et al., 2024). Furthermore, acknowledging and understanding the distinct experiences that arise from various cultural backgrounds is crucial for building rapport with clients and effectively addressing their needs. As revealed in studies examining professional counselors’ perceptions, a deep understanding of the cultural intricacies present within refugee populations can not only improve the therapeutic alliance but also significantly enhance therapeutic outcomes (Atiyeh et al., 2019). Ultimately, by deliberately tailoring counseling approaches to accommodate cultural circumstances and critically examining the interplay of cultural factors, counselors can enhance their effectiveness and contribute to positive social change within diverse communities.

IV.            Emotional and Spiritual Burnout

Like any behavioral health professional, Christian Counselors can also face issues of burnout. Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification

The challenges faced by Christian counselors often extend beyond conventional professional stressors, affecting emotional and spiritual well-being. Counselors frequently encounter emotional burnout as they navigate the depths of their clients struggles, particularly with those confronting advanced illness or end-of-life issues. This intense emotional labor can lead to a sense of detachment or compassion fatigue, undermining the counselors capacity to provide empathy and support. Additionally, spiritual burnout complicates matters, particularly in faith-based contexts, where practitioners may feel a heavy burden to embody and promote spiritual ideals. As noted in a phenomenological study, counselors working with clients facing life-threatening conditions utilize strategies for psychological safety, such as setting boundaries and harnessing community support, to mitigate these effects (Ducaine et al., 2017). Furthermore, the study observes that the transition from crisis to holistic wellness fosters a newfound awareness that can revitalize a counselors practice (Reyes et al., 2020). Ultimately, recognizing and addressing these burnout challenges is crucial for sustaining both the counselors vocation and the well-being of their clients.

A.    Recognizing signs of burnout in counselors

The impact of burnout on counselors, particularly in Christian contexts, is a pressing issue that warrants careful attention. Counselors often exhibit signs of emotional fatigue, decreased job satisfaction, and a sense of disconnection from their spiritual and professional missions. For example, as indicated in recent studies, many school counselors report work-related stress as their primary concern, with a significant number citing a low-moderate level of stress on standardized scales (PSS-10) (cite26). This emotional toll can stem from unrealistic expectations, insufficient self-care practices, and performing roles that conflict with their core responsibilities. Symptoms of burnout may manifest as irritability, reduced empathy for clients, or a growing sense of hopelessness, ultimately diminishing their effectiveness as helpers. Addressing these indicators through proactive self-care and support systems is crucial in maintaining the well-being of counselors and preserving their ability to serve faithfully and effectively in their roles.

B.    The impact of emotional labor on personal faith

The demands placed on Christian counselors necessitate a profound engagement with emotional labor, significantly impacting their personal faith. This emotional labor often involves managing and regulating emotions to meet the needs of clients, which can lead to feelings of compassion fatigue and burnout. Studies note that rates of these conditions among mental health professionals can reach as high as 83%, particularly when the resources essential for emotional resilience are lacking ((Baker et al., 2024)). For counselors who view their work as an expression of their faith, this struggle can create a tumultuous internal conflict. The tendency to equate emotional struggles with a lack of faith may further exacerbate their challenges, leading to a crisis of belief ((Law et al., 2024)). Ultimately, the interplay between their professional responsibilities and spiritual commitments necessitates a reevaluation of self-care practices, aiming to fortify their faith while navigating the complexities of emotional labor in counseling.

C.    Strategies for self-care and maintaining spiritual health

To effectively manage their demanding roles, Christian counselors must prioritize self-care and nurture their spiritual health. One effective strategy is the implementation of holistic practices that encompass physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Engaging in regular exercise, maintaining a balanced diet, and cultivating mindfulness can significantly enhance overall wellness, allowing counselors to better serve their clients. Additionally, fostering a strong community of support is crucial; engaging with peers and mentors provides a network where counselors can share experiences and alleviate feelings of isolation or stress, as underscored in the findings of (Reyes et al., 2020). It is also essential for counselors to boldly address and overcome perfectionism, a prevalent challenge that can impede their efficacy and satisfaction in their roles. By navigating these self-care strategies, and drawing strength from their faith, counselors can maintain their spiritual health while managing the complexities of their profession, as highlighted by (Ramos et al., 2023).

V.  Conclusion

Navigating the complexities of Christian counseling poses numerous challenges that practitioners must address to provide effective support to their clients. Central to this endeavor is the counselors ability to foster an open, empathetic environment where clients feel comfortable discussing their struggles, including emotional issues that may stem from societal pressures or personal faith. As evidenced by Lens initial apprehension in seeking help, many clients specifically prefer Christian counselors due to a shared belief system (McMinn et al., 1991). Furthermore, as classrooms are becoming increasingly diverse, it is critical for counselors to recognize the unique backgrounds and experiences of their clients, mirroring the challenges faced in educational settings (Espinor et al., 2011). In conclusion, for Christian counselors to thrive, they must continuously adapt to their clients evolving needs, incorporating cultural awareness and sensitivity while maintaining a strong foundation in their faith-based practices. This holistic approach can lead to more meaningful therapeutic outcomes for a diverse clientele.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals

A.    Summary of the challenges discussed

In examining the various challenges faced by Christian counselors, a multifaceted landscape emerges. Counselors often grapple with clients resistance to faith-based approaches, fearing that their spiritual beliefs may conflict with therapeutic practices. This resistance can hinder open communication and trust, essential components of effective counseling. Furthermore, the stigma surrounding mental health within certain religious communities complicates the counselors role, as they may face skepticism or hostility when addressing psychological issues. Compounding these challenges, there is a notable lack of resources tailored specifically to Christian counseling, limiting professionals in their ability to provide comprehensive care. Additionally, balancing professional ethics with personal beliefs can lead to internal conflict and stress for counselors, affecting their overall effectiveness in session. Addressing these obstacles is crucial for enhancing the counseling experience for both practitioners and clients, ultimately leading to improved mental health outcomes in faith-based contexts.

B.    The importance of ongoing education and support for counselors

Counseling is a dynamic field that requires practitioners to continually adapt and grow, emphasizing the necessity of ongoing education and support. As society evolves, the challenges faced by counselors also shift, particularly within the Christian community, where practitioners must navigate the intricate and often conflicting dynamics between faith and psychological health. This raises critical questions about how counselors can effectively integrate these two domains to provide holistic support. Without continual professional development, counselors may find themselves ill-equipped to tackle emerging issues, such as shifts in cultural attitudes towards mental health or the introduction of new therapeutic techniques. Research indicates that nearly all new educators face obstacles in their initial years, paralleling the unique stresses that counselors encounter, which highlight the importance of additional resources and training ((Arnett-Hartwick et al., 2019)). Furthermore, while seminaries may provide a solid foundation in critical skills, many graduates express feeling inadequately prepared for the complexities of pastoral care, which is essential for effective counseling ((Hughes et al., 2015)). Therefore, establishing robust support systems that include regular training and mentorship opportunities becomes not just beneficial but necessary. This proactive approach not only enhances the effectiveness and resilience of counselors but also ensures that they can respond to the evolving needs of those they serve, ultimately fostering a more supportive and informed community.

AIHCP not only offers a certification in Christian Counseling but also offers a variety of CE courses and continuing education that can be utilized by Christian Counselors to enhance their career and education.

C.    Encouragement for Christian counselors to seek community and resources

In the demanding field of Christian counseling, the journey can often feel isolating; however, seeking out community and resources is crucial for both personal and professional growth. Engaging with fellow counselors allows for the exchange of ideas, support during challenging cases, and the sharing of best practices that can enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Additionally, various resources—such as workshops, online forums, and mentorship programs—can provide counselors with new tools and perspectives that enrich their practice. The act of connecting with others not only mitigates feelings of loneliness but also fosters a stronger sense of purpose rooted in shared values and beliefs. Ultimately, by actively pursuing community and utilizing available resources, Christian counselors can cultivate resilience, maintain their mental well-being, and strengthen their ability to serve others with compassion and clarity. This proactive approach not only benefits the counselors themselves but enhances the care they provide to their clients.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification.  The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification as a Christian Counselor.

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Christian Counseling and Sexual Morality

Posted on by Mark Moran

Today, the talk about psychological help and moral advice is getting a lot of focus, especially in Christian groups dealing with sexual morality. Christian counseling creates a way to handle not just emotional and psychological problems, but also brings in religious ideas about sexual ethics. This approach encourages counselors to look at how biblical teachings shape views and actions about sexuality, helping to better understand individual challenges through faith. Examining sexual morality through Christian counseling shows the difficulties of matching personal beliefs with societal expectations, and helps clients find a complete sense of well-being. By looking at the effects of faith-based counseling closely, the conversation can lead to a clearer discussion on how religious beliefs influence personal decisions and therapy practices in these important areas of life.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification and how to incorporate good Christian counseling with morality.

A.    Definition of Christian Counseling

Christian morality is a key element in Christian Counseling.

In Christian counseling, a key part is mixing mental health ideas with biblical lessons, which helps with overall mental and spiritual health. This approach highlights how important it is to connect emotional well-being with faith-based values, aiming to lead people to make better life choices through their spirituality. In situations where bad sexual behaviors come up, especially among young adult women who may feel disconnected from their sexuality and spirituality, effective Christian counseling aims to close that gap (see (Armstrong et al., 2019)). By talking about sexual morality and helping understand biblical teachings on sexuality, Christian counseling is important in the spiritual growth of individuals. Therefore, combining traditional counseling methods with scriptural insights not only improves the therapeutic relationship but also creates a space where clients can discuss their issues through their faith perspective.

B.    Overview of Sexual Morality in Christian Context

In the Christian context, sexual morality includes a mix of biblical messages, cultural practices, and personal views. A key point in this discussion is the difference between what people do and what they feel inside, as psychology explains. This difference supports the idea that sexual morality includes not just actions but also motivations and feelings. Many Christian beliefs stress the importance of marriage and the moral aspects of sexual activity, insisting that sexuality should occur in committed partnerships. Moreover, looking at different viewpoints can improve our grasp of this morality, as seen with the inclusion of minority voices in Christian psychology (Behensky et al., 2006). These views question common beliefs and promote a wider look at how sexual morality can be defined and enacted. Therefore, exploring these aspects is important for effective Christian counseling that respects both doctrine and personal experiences.

C.    Importance of Addressing Sexual Morality in Counseling

Understanding sexual ethics is important in counseling, especially in a Christian setting, because it impacts client health and therapy results. Beliefs about sexuality can cause major psychological issues, often making people face struggles between their sexual orientation and religious teachings. Discussing these matters in therapy not only aids individuals in blending their identities but also boosts treatment success, as research shows a clear link between clients’ moral views on same-sex attraction and their opinions on therapy methods (Roller et al., 2011). Additionally, research on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) indicates that talking about sexual ethics can greatly enhance results concerning symptom relief and quality of life in those affected (Myler et al., 2013). Therefore, asking about sexual ethics in counseling is key for creating a helpful and life-changing therapy setting.

II.  Theological Foundations of Sexual Morality

Sexual morality in a religious view greatly affects how the Evangelical church handles counseling and discipline. A solid grasp of biblical ideas on male sexuality, as shown in current pastors’ work, is key for good ministry practices. Understanding the complicated aspects of these teachings can show that sexual morality is more than just rules; it promotes building character and relationships based on faith. Participants in recent studies noted that a full knowledge of scripture, along with teaching and relationship-building methods, is crucial for managing the often uncomfortable talks about sexuality in the church (Silo et al., 2022). Additionally, the push for inclusivity in different theological views helps improve the conversation on sexual morality, encouraging ministers to interact with wider cultural stories while remaining faithful to biblical truths (Behensky et al., 2006). Therefore, a well-rounded view on sexual morality is important for encouraging positive spiritual growth in Christian men.

A.    Biblical Perspectives on Sexuality

Biblical sexual morality finds it basis in Genesis and Adam and Eve

Biblical views on sexuality show a struggle between culture and faith, which greatly influences today’s talks on sexual morals in Christian counseling. The Bible promotes a view of sexuality that encourages loyalty and closeness within marriage, but it also brings about feelings of shame that can prevent open talks about sexual health. For example, many women today, especially those who grew up in the Church, feel a spiritual conflict when their sexual actions do not match the set standards, leading to harmful habits (Armstrong et al., 2019). This gap calls for a review of how churches convey messages about sexuality and faith. The Church’s position, as stated by the Board of General Superintendents, highlights a traditional perspective that values heterosexual marriage as the only valid arena for sexual expression, often ignoring the challenges individuals face when figuring out their sexual identities (Church of the Nazarene et al., 2010). Therefore, counseling practices need to aim for a more inclusive approach that connects spiritual advice with real-life understandings of sexuality.

B.    Historical Development of Christian Sexual Ethics

The development of sexual ethics in Christianity has been shaped by various theological views and cultural situations. Early Christian beliefs, which were largely influenced by Jewish writings, had clear sexual rules that focused on having children and staying faithful in marriage. But as the Church interacted with wider philosophical ideas, especially during the patristic era, opinions on sexuality became more complicated, showing a mix of strictness and recognition of human desire. The Protestant Reformation changed these conversations further, questioning the old moral standards and promoting personal belief that sometimes crossed traditional boundaries. This history shows the contradictions in the Church’s views on sexuality, as noted in today’s studies that indicate a continuing difficulty in combining spirituality with sexuality (Armstrong et al., 2019). Therefore, modern Christian counseling needs to deal with these historical issues to offer clear advice on sexual morality as societal norms change (Kate M. Ott, 2009).

C.    The Role of Church Teachings in Shaping Morality

Church teachings are very important for shaping individual and community morals, especially about sexual ethics. In Pentecostal settings, for example, loyalty to God and single-partner relationships are highlighted, showing that sexual intimacy in marriage is both holy and better morally. These teachings guide followers to deal with complex social rules, especially in cultures where polygamy may be accepted, thereby affecting personal decisions about loyalty and sexual fulfillment (Quiroz et al., 2016). However, the gap between church beliefs and current cultural habits often results in moral confusion. Many women who grew up with strict church guidance find themselves stuck between the ideals of their religion and the social pressures that promote casual relationships before serious commitments (Armstrong et al., 2019). As a result, the clash between religious advice and sexual morality is filled with tension, highlighting the powerful and yet conflicting role of church teachings in today’s world.

III.             Challenges in Christian Counseling Related to Sexual Morality

In dealing with the difficult issues of sexual morality, Christian counselors face big challenges from the mix of faith, culture, and personal beliefs. One key part of these challenges is the requirement to stick to biblical teachings while also dealing with the different and complicated sexual experiences of individuals. Many clients might have problems with their sexual identity or actions that clash with traditional Christian values, which makes counselors think hard about how to respond. As stated in psychology, which includes both behavior and thought processes (Bufford et al., 2006), dealing with these internal feelings is crucial for successful counseling. Moreover, there is a strong need for inclusivity in counseling views that recognize the wider social changes around sexuality. This is seen in efforts to bring together various cultural and theological perspectives (Behensky et al., 2006). These elements highlight the need for continuous conversation and adjustment in Christian counseling practices to better assist those looking for help.

A.    Cultural Influences on Sexual Behavior

The values of the world and the Law of God usually do not coincide with Christian morality and sexuality

Cultural factors greatly influence sexual behavior, which shows the need for a careful understanding in Christian counseling. In different environments, especially where religion meets culture, these factors set rules about sexuality and family planning. For example, studies in rural Malawi show that the features of religious groups—like a leader’s positive view on family planning—can greatly affect how women use contraceptives, indicating that relationships within these religious communities are important ((Jenny Trinitapoli et al.)). Additionally, including various cultural viewpoints can help create more effective faith-based counseling methods, enhancing the conversation around sexual morality. By recognizing different voices and experiences in the Christian community, counselors can handle the challenges from varied cultural stories about sexuality, promoting a more inclusive and caring way to provide advice on sexual ethics ((Behensky et al., 2006)). This cultural awareness is crucial for encouraging healthy sexual practices that are in line with Christian beliefs.

B.    Conflicts Between Personal Beliefs and Counseling Practices

Dealing with personal beliefs in counseling is hard for professionals, especially in Christian counseling and views on sexual morality. Counselors often find it tough to mix their faith-based values with the need to create accepting and non-judgmental spaces for clients who have different beliefs. This situation can cause problems during counseling sessions, where quick and automatic value judgments happen, showing how deep personal beliefs affect professional work (Randall et al., 2024). In addition, shifts in societal views on sexuality make these problems worse, putting counselors in difficult spots regarding their legal and ethical responsibilities. Recent studies show that there is a clear need for better support systems within the counseling field; without this support, many counselors may feel unready to handle these issues, which can hurt their capacity to give good care (Murray et al., 2019).

C.    Addressing Sexual Identity and Orientation in Counseling

Dealing with the difficulties of sexual identity and orientation in counseling needs a good understanding of the cultural and religious backgrounds of individuals. Good counseling methods should include knowledge of societal influences—often shaped by church beliefs—which can create confusion for clients dealing with their identities. Recent studies show that seminaries have different ways of teaching sexuality in their programs, resulting in different counseling results ((Kate M. Ott, 2009)). Moreover, the gap between spirituality and sexuality, especially for women raised in religious settings, shows the need for approaches that support healthy sexual expression along with spiritual development ((Armstrong et al., 2019)). Counselors skilled in these areas can create a space where clients can explore both their sexuality and spiritual health together, ultimately helping them achieve self-acceptance and better relationship dynamics.

IV.            Practical Approaches in Christian Counseling

In dealing with the many problems of sexual morality in Christian counseling, counselors have different practical ways to use both religious ideas and psychological methods. One helpful method is to bring together different cultures and fields in counseling practices, knowing that a person’s background affects their experiences and moral thinking. This supports the need for various voices in the integration process, indicating that different viewpoints can help improve therapy and deepen moral conversations ((Behensky et al., 2006)). Moreover, understanding how to manage one’s reputation can greatly affect pastoral care and counseling practices. By recognizing that clergy often worry about how they are seen by others, counselors can create spaces that encourage honest discussions and healing, which are crucial for tackling sensitive topics like sexuality. In the end, these methods not only make therapy more effective but also support a caring view of sexual morality in a Christian setting ((Bailey K. E. et al., 2019)).

A.    Integrating Scripture with Counseling Techniques

Christian Counseling looks to integrate Biblical principles with counseling and psychology to form the most complete form of truth in counseling

Putting Scripture into therapy frameworks needs a clear understanding of how faith connects with mental processes. A key part of this integration is understanding the unique self-view of Christian clients, especially those in Independent Protestant groups, where the idea of sanctification influences how they see themselves and change. This theological view can clash with traditional psychological ideas that focus on self-awareness and emotional expression as ways to heal. Research shows that for these clients, their connection with Jesus is very important, acting as the way they view their personal challenges and therapy goals ((Darley et al., 2021)). This insight encourages counselors to adapt their approaches to match a client’s spiritual journey while also addressing emotional and thinking issues. Therefore, a teamwork approach that respects Scripture can create a caring and effective counseling experience, promoting deeper healing and aligning treatment goals with the process of sanctification ((Behensky et al., 2006)).

B.    Developing a Framework for Ethical Decision-Making

The way of making ethical choices in Christian counseling needs a strong structure that combines spiritual ideas with the complicated nature of human actions. As counselors deal with the details of sexual ethics, they must find a way to connect their own beliefs with the various backgrounds and values of their clients. A solid grasp of Catholic social teachings can improve this structure by giving moral guidance that is both caring and strong, creating a space where young people can freely talk about their health issues and relationship matters (Cadegan et al., 1997). Furthermore, the idea of integrating values, as pointed out in recent research, stresses the need for counselors to be aware of their own values and to handle them well in their work (Randall et al., 2024). This combined approach, which brings together ethical reasoning and real-life application, helps counselors to thoughtfully manage conflicts and supports their ongoing professional development. In the end, setting up a complete ethical decision-making framework is crucial for bettering the effectiveness and trustworthiness of Christian counseling methods.

C.    Providing Support for Individuals Facing Sexual Issues

Dealing with sexual problems often needs several angles that include both mental understanding and spiritual help. In Christian counseling, dealing with sexual issues means making a safe space where people can address their worries openly. Many struggle because of the mixed messages about sexuality that come from society and the Church. An example is seen in the changing French child protection system, where past beliefs can shape how people think and act about sexuality ((Grevot et al., 2002)). Additionally, many women who are just entering adulthood, raised in homes that do not support talking about sex, feel a conflict between their faith and sexual feelings that adds to their problems ((Armstrong et al., 2019)). By giving counselors the tools to promote open discussions and connect sexuality with spiritual beliefs, helpers can support individuals in aligning their faith with their sexual identities. This kind of support is vital for building healthier relationships and personal development.

V.  Conclusion

In conclusion, the link between Christian counseling and sexual morality needs a careful look at both spiritual and social factors. The interactions within religious groups, especially in varied environments, significantly influence how people think about sexual ethics and using contraceptives. For example, how church leaders impact family planning choices shows the need to tailor religious messages to modern challenges, as seen in rural Malawi where certain church traits are more influential on contraceptive actions than general denomination ties (Jenny Trinitapoli et al.). Additionally, the difficulties clergy face reconciling their beliefs with their duties highlight the fragile balance needed to maintain respect and provide effective support in counseling situations. The management of public perception in religious contexts, as examined in the study of clergy from Chinese and American churches, illustrates how these leaders handle moral issues while assisting their members (Bailey K. E. et al., 2019). In the end, these findings emphasize the need for ongoing discussions and adjustments in Christian counseling methods to promote healthy sexual morality that aligns with people’s real experiences.

A.    Summary of Key Insights

When looking at sexual morality in Christian counseling, several main points come forward that help us understand this complicated topic. To start, the role of face management and how it affects the behavior of clergy shows the need to explore how cultural factors shape counseling methods ((Bailey K. E. et al., 2019)). This connection illustrates how the concern for reputation and feelings of shame might affect choices, which in turn impacts the success of counseling sessions. Additionally, bringing in a variety of views improves the conversation about sexual morality. By considering minority perspectives from different cultural and religious backgrounds, Christian counselors can create a broader approach that addresses existing biases and appreciates the complexity of personal experiences ((Behensky et al., 2006)). This mix of ideas creates a more inclusive and effective way of dealing with sexual morality, which connects with the varied realities of clients while staying true to Christian beliefs.

B.    The Future of Christian Counseling and Sexual Morality

As Christian counseling changes, combining different views is important for dealing with modern issues about sexual morality. This change pushes counselors to listen to voices that were once ignored, making discussions in the field more meaningful (Behensky et al., 2006). By being open to this diversity, Christian counselors can better handle the complicated topics of sexual orientation and identity that often conflict with traditional beliefs. Additionally, research on how Christian university students feel about homosexuality and the effectiveness of sexual reorientation therapy shows that future counseling needs to focus on both ideas and real-world effects of these beliefs (Roller et al., 2011). As counselors work through the connections between faith and sexuality, they must strive to create a respectful and understanding space that respects their religious beliefs while addressing the real challenges faced by individuals seeking help in a more diverse society.

C.    Call to Action for Counselors and Faith Communities

 

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification

Counselors and faith groups need to work together to deal with the complicated issues of sexual morality in a Christian context. By promoting open conversations that look at the psychological, emotional, and spiritual aspects of people’s experiences, these groups can offer more complete support for individuals struggling with sexual identity and morality. This teamwork helps counselors gain a better understanding of theology and allows faith leaders to handle sensitive topics with more empathy and informed advice. Additionally, creating educational workshops that examine the relationship between faith and sexuality can help connect traditional beliefs with modern realities, improving the community’s ability to manage these tough discussions. By taking a proactive approach, counselors and faith communities can build an atmosphere of grace and understanding, encouraging people to seek help and healing in their personal journeys.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals.  The program is designed for pastors, ministers, priests, counselors-both pastoral and clinical to utilize integrated Christian Counseling to everyday life in ministry or profession.  The program is also independent study and online with mentorship as needed.

Multicultural Awareness in Spiritual Counseling

Posted on by Mark Moran

Multicultural proficiency exists not only in race, age, gender and culture, but also within the confines of religion and spirituality.  Counselors working in grief or merely spirituality need to be well versed in the multitude of spiritual beliefs that may exist within a particular person or target population.  In many cases, religion and spirituality can play a key role in the grieving process, as well as emotional and mental outlooks.  Many individuals tied to some world view are better able to find meaning in loss and religion and spirituality can be a great tool in helping clients find resolution and peace.  Religion and spirituality can also sometimes be a double-edged sword and also cause conflict and stress with outcomes and faith.  Regardless, counselors need to be able to understand the importance of faith, religion and spirituality in a client’s life because whether a counselor has a particular belief or any belief at all does not matter when it comes to helping a person who may.

Role of Faith

Clients are diverse in spirituality and faith and these aspects play key roles in multicultural counseling

Many secular counselors trained solely within the confines of modern psychology and behavioral studies especially from numerous schools of Freud may be hostile to faith and see faith as a neurosis to the mind (Pedersen, 2018, p. 480).  Despite this, the value of the religious experience, whether believed by the counselor or not, is an important aspect of the wholeness of the person and the person’s emotional well being.  Even William James understood the importance of the religious experience within the mind, and other prominent humanist psychologists such as Carl Rogers and Victor Frankl understood the value of spirituality for a person (Pedersen, 2018. p. 480).  Modern counseling demands a counselor’s proficiency with multicultural issues such as spirituality, faith or religion.

Faith is a universal human experience that spans across all of humanity.   Spiritual and religious beliefs play a key role in all cultures in every aspect of health, life and death (Pedersen, 2018, p. 478).  While within the United States there has been a drop in religious and church attendance, this decline is supplemented in other areas with individual spiritual practices.  Even said, the dominant culture within the United States still holds true to a Judeo-Christian background that reflects itself in cultural norms even for some of the most anti-religious people.  In the United States alone, a 2007 Gallup poll listed that 86 percent of Americans believe in God and another 55 percent still pointed out that religion is still important to them (Pedersen, 2018, p.478). Hence it is important not to dismiss the importance of faith and religion in counseling.

Yet even within this innate spiritual pursuit, there still remains a high level of diversity within religious individuals.  The United States exists in itself as a melting pot of creeds.  Christianity is far from monolithic but a diverse population of Catholics, Orthodox and various Protestant denominations which can range from very structured to very charismatic and individual.  Beyond Christianity, exists numerous faiths not from the dominant culture, including Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and various smaller religious sects, as well as pantheistic creeds.  If one then also considers some individuals are more spiritual than religious and follow a myriad of concepts, then one can find almost any combination of spirituality that may exist within a client.  Some may be more dogmatic and religious, while others may be more spiritual and less defining, or one may be a combination of the two.

Within this diversity of faith also comes various different paths of thought.  Spirituality, according to Pedersen, is a commitment to choose a context to understand and act within one’s relationships with all that is, whether within confines of person and creator, or between community, or nature itself.  It is an awareness of something more in this world.  It includes values that guide one’s meaning of life, sense of mission and how to help others for a better world (Pederson, 2018, p. 480).    Many individuals share these similar views but express them in multiple different ways.  In addition, religion, the social and dogmatic mechanism of the person provides the means and methods within the religious group (Pedersen, 2018. p. 480).  In this day and age, one constantly hears the term “I am spiritual but not religious”.  This points to this less dogmatic binding life style.  Within these differences alone exist a multitude of different spiritual as well as religious ideals about God as a being, a source of being, or an infusion and connection within all humanity.  A transcendent God reflects to a person a very ordered moral code of not only obedience but also justice.  In more immanence theology, God exists literally within all and plays a part in all.  This does not dismiss a moral code but it is far less dogmatic and refers more to a balance of life.  These different theological concepts of God as one, many, transcendent or immanent, all play key roles in how a person morally acts and responds to many issues in life.

 

Spirituality in Counseling

In settings where Spiritual Counseling or Christian Counseling, or Spiritual Direction is not expected, such as within pastoral settings, one may seem from a professional or secular view anxious about discussing faith and religion.  In the secular and professional world, religion is a question that is usually best left avoided.  When asked to discuss religion or spirituality, many feel as if they may offend others, or be judged, or that faith is personal, or that one seems less academic (Pedersen, 2018, p. 478).   The reality is faith plays a key role in a person’s life and hence plays a key role in healing, coping, finding meaning in loss, and facing adversity.  Counselors, whether religious, atheistic or agnostic, should not dismiss the valuable part of the client to help one find healing.  In fact counselors, like in all multicultural proficiencies, should take into account their own religious background and potential biases before helping someone of a different spiritual or religious background.

In addition, the counselor should attempt to help guide the client by understanding the client’s religious and spiritual background.  Within the first interview, spiritual questions should be an important element of understanding the client.  A spiritual genogram should be conducted which looks to examine religious and spiritual family history to analyze any cross section impacts upon the mind of the person (Pedersen, 2018, p,489).   In addition, the client should be asked about questions regarding identification with religious groups, one’s perception of God, or special spiritual and religious beliefs one may hold.  In addition, the counselor should attempt to discover if any life styles or actions may contradict one’s moral code and way of operating.  Counselors can also ask what gives life meaning, the importance of one’s faith in life and healing, as well how the religious community can be helpful in one’s healing.  Finally, counselors should ask if clients wish to address these spiritual issues moving forward (Pedersen, 2018, p. 488).

Understanding how spirituality plays a role in a client’s emotional health is critical in spiritual counseling

Counselors working with particular religious groups, especially those of a smaller religious community, such as Native Americans, or Asian Americans, may find the need to address healing and spirituality from the client’s perspective by working with local religious authorities within that group.  If the client wishes, a joint healing model can be placed into action with conjunction with the client’s spiritual community.

Sometimes, religion can be a powerful anchor of meaning for the individual but sometimes, faith can also cause issues within a person’s life.  When tragedy strikes, individuals may question their faith and lash out against God.  They will doubt their faith and question meaning itself.  Some may reject faith, others will turn to it more.  Some may see their faith as a contract if left unfulfilled by God, they may terminate, while others may find God as a source of strength and covenant in suffering.  Others within other dogmatic and strict denominations, may see faith as a block to their expression and look to free oneself from the morality the faith of one’s parents taught oneself.  Others on the other hand, may feel extreme guilt if their moral actions contradict the morality of faith and the teachings of it.  Many LGBTQ individuals who are spiritual and wish to hold to their faith can find one of these two reactions within Christianity, where their faith either torments and guilts them regarding life style or pushes them into total rejection of it or at least adjustment of their personal moral paradigm.  Fukuyama in the Pederson text rightfully points out that religion and spirituality can be  functional or dysfunctional when it comes finding solutions (2018, P. 489).   This is very important for the counselor to identify when helping someone through moral issues, suicide, or other social issues that affect religious individuals.  Is the spirituality properly function to help the person find meaning, or is it instead a sick faith that is tormenting and guilting the individual to a point of pathology?  Spiritual Directors work with others in a pastoral capacity and help use healthy spirituality to guide those who seek guidance, but sometimes, they even need to identify spiritual pathology that corrupts.  Scruples, guilt, torment, anger towards God, or unhealthy compliance to the Will of God as a way to escape the situation, are all examples of when spirituality can become dysfunctional.  Unlike spiritual directors, counselors however are called not to give moral direction or dictate what moral code is right but instead to determine if spirituality is healthy or unhealthy in a particular situation and help the client heal.

Conclusion

Spirituality and religion are not opiates of the people.  They are important elements of what it means to be human.  When properly in tune, spirituality and religion can play key roles in helping individuals find meaning and guidance. However, when spirituality becomes dysfunctional it can also become a problem for the person’s ability to cope or heal.  Since spirituality and religion is important, counselors need to be culturally aware of faith and religion and the target population they are working with.  Regardless of the counselors own beliefs or lack thereof, counselors need to respect spirituality and discuss it in a healthy and non biased way.  Spirituality and faith are a key aspect of understanding the client and is a key element of multicultural counseling.  Utilizing it properly in counseling can be a great benefit, but one must like in all cultural aspects understand that diversity exists within spiritual and religious persons and not every treatment or intervention serves one best over the other.  Individuals may be spiritual but not religious, or a combination, or have a myriad of different religious beliefs within their family history.  These all play unique roles in forming the person before the counselor.  These religious and spiritual beliefs will also play a key role in how many clients see the world, react to it and heal from it.

Please also review AIHCP’s Spiritual Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals

Please also review AIHCP’s Spiritual Counseling Certification as well as AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification.  The Spiritual Counseling Certification represents a more broad spirituality that encompasses human experience with spirituality without any one dominant religious paradigm, while the Christian Counseling Certification presents a biblical and Christian perspective from multiple Christian communities.  Both programs are integrative in nature and present spirituality with psychology.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in Spiritual or Christian Counseling.  The programs accept Human Service professionals, those in ministry, licensed counselors, as well as pastoral counselors, and those who work in healthcare.

Reference

Pedersen, P. et. al (2018). “Counseling Across Cultures”. (7th). Sage

Additional Resources

Bartley, J. & Cashwell, C. (2014). “Integrating Religion and Spirituality into Counseling”.  Access here

“Spirituality”.  Good Therapy.  Access here

Hull. C. et al. (2016). “Developing Spiritual Competencies in Counseling: A Guide for Supervisors”.   Wiley. Online Library. Access here

Aten, J. (2020). “The Importance of Spirituality in Therapy”. Psychology Today. Access here

Richards, P. S., & Barkham, M. (2022). Enhancing the evidence base for spiritually integrated psychotherapies: Progressing the paradigm of practice-based evidence.Psychotherapy, 59(3), 303–306.   Access here

 

 

 

 

The Problem Management Model Video

Posted on by Mark Moran

A key part of counseling involves helping the client identify the problem, propose solutions and execute those plans into action with assessment of progress.  This is the core of the Problem Management Model in counseling and is key in helping track a client’s progress.

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple behavioral health certifications ranging from Grief Counseling and Christian Counseling to Crisis, Stress, Life Coaching and Anger Management Programs.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals in both the behavioral health and health field areas.

Counseling and Attending the Client Video

Posted on by Mark Moran

Counselors study psychology, various therapies and devote themselves to understanding the science of the mind and behavior, but if the counselor is unable to communicate and attend the client properly, then the knowledge is useless.  Counseling hence is also an art.  Counselors must possess interpersonal skills that allow them to help their clients.  Various micro skills help the counselor attend the client.  Basic fundamentals of attending include empathetic listening, observation skills, and appropriate responses.  This forms the foundation of the counselor and client relationship and allows therapy to flourish.

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous behavioral health and healthcare certifications in Grief Counseling, Crisis Counseling, Christian Counseling, Spiritual Counseling, Anger Management, Life Coaching and Stress Management.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.

Christian Counseling Approaches Video

Posted on by Mark Moran

Christian Counseling is a diverse approach despite many thinking it is only one approach.  Many times, Biblical Counseling and Christian Counseling is interchanged but the reality is Christian Counseling, like the Christianity itself, has many different approaches and levels.  Biblical Counseling is a type of Christian Counseling that is far more fundamentalist in approach while many of its concepts are shared, other aspects of it are not.  For instance, those who adhere to a strict Biblical view of Christian Counseling, will stray from secular psychology and utilize Scripture as a sole source for counseling and healing.  Others may separate faith more from science while still adhering to a Christian notion.  In the middle ground, an integrative approach applies Scripture as a starting point but applies secular psychology and treatments to help others.  Ultimately, it depends on one’s training and education as either clinical or pastoral, or the comfort level of the individual and how much prayer the person wants in counseling.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals.  The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals looking to utilize Christian Counseling in their practice or ministry.

 

Finding the Real and Right Story in Counseling

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

Counseling is about the person and the person’s story.   Like so many things in life, everything is not usually black and white.  There are a variety of shades of color from multiple perspectives in life that can make the story of the client incomplete.  For starters, the client has  his/her own subjective experience with the events within the story.  The unique experience of the client may very well be true from the client’s point of view due to the subjective factors and information available.  In addition, the client may possess a variety of blinders to certain truths that may be painful to accept or realize.  In other cases, the client may have various personality disorders that completely distort the reality of the events.  Whether purposeful or not, these distortions can cause larger issues in the healing, changing and transformational process.

Counselor help clients tell their story but also help them see the real story and how to find the right story

Throughout the blogs on counseling techniques, we have discussed numerous skills a counselor must utilize to help a client find change.  This blog will bring many of these skills together in helping forge the client’s initial story into the real and right story (Egan, 2019, p. 270).  Egan guides the counselor in addressing the story told, but also how to help push the client forward into telling the real and right story.  This helps the client enter into a state of self discovery so that as the story progresses, the client not only heals but also changes and transforms with the reality of the story.

Of course, as a counselor, one cannot make a client change, nor can a counselor sometimes ruthlessly correct or tell a client he/she is wrong.  The skills of counseling help the counselor with empathy and patience, gently nudge and guide the client to truth and help the client choose to pursue that truth.  This stems first by forming a strong relationship of trust with the client. It involves basic attending skills of empathetic listening, observing and responding to help understand the client and better address the issues.  Through empathetic listening and excellent observations, one can begin to see if any discrepancies exist within the story and how to better empathetically confront the client to recognizing the real story and then challenging the client to the right story and course of action, all the while, supplying the client with resources and encouragement to move forward.

 

The Story

Egan emphasizes that when helping the client tell the story that the counselor needs to make the client feel safe in the encounter.  Egan also encourages counselors to understand the styles between different cultures and how different cultures may express stories.  Some clients divulge and talk, others are more quiet, while others supply numerous details and others are vague.  Some clients may tell the core of the story and leave out secondary issues, while others may approach the story the opposite direction.  Some clients may go off topic, while others may stay on topic (Egan, 2019, p. 274-275). This is why it is important to identify what is going on or what the client is feeling at the moment, identify what the client wants and how to get what the client needs.  In this regard, counselors can help clients identify key issues and help them discuss the past but in a productive way that helps the past not define them but help them learn (Egan, 2019, p. 181).  Egan also points out it is imperative to identify the severity of the initial story.  Will this client need basic counseling or require crisis counseling?  Clinical counselors may be able to better handle the issue presented or see the need for a specialist.  Pastoral counselors dealing with issues beyond basic loss and grief, may identify something more severe and need to refer the client to a clinical counselor.

Sometimes when helping a client tell their story, it can also be useful to utilize Narrative Therapy which helps differentiate the person from the issues.  At the end of the blog, there are links to better understand Narrative Therapy and its role in telling the story.

The Real Story

After identifying the key elements of the story, counselors can help clients start to see the real story by exposing with empathy any discrepancies or any blinders a client may possess.  Through empathetic confrontation, a counselor can help a client see both sides or different angles to the story that the client may not had seen initially.  In this way, the counselor challenges the client in the quality of their perception and participation in the story (Egan, 2019, p. 289).  In dealing with the real story, Egan also points out that counselors can help clients understand their own problems and be better equipped to own their own problems and unused opportunities.  When a client is gently nudged to the realities of the real story, a counselor can help the client see that the real issue is not impossible to rectify and begin to present problem maintenance structures which help clients identify, explore and act properly with their real issues (Egan, 2019,p. 292).  Challenging and encouraging like a coach, can help clients move forward to begin to make the right story in their life.

The Right Story

In telling the right story, the client is pushed to new directions.  The client no longer denies the need to change, but has to some extent acknowledged it.  In previous blogs, we discuss issues that correlate with change in a client.  When the client is ready to change, the client still requires guidance and help.  The counselor helps the client choose various issues that will make a true difference in his/her life.   When looking at these issues, the counselor helps the client set goals.  The goals should be manageable at first and lead to bigger things but only after smaller steps to avoid let down.  The counselor can help the client choose from various options and cost benefits, as well as helping the client make proper choices (Egan, 2019, p. 299-301).   The counselor, like a coach, helps the client push forward and improve in life.  Within the phase of telling the right story, the counselor helps the client with goals but also helps the client see the impact new goals can give to life as well as the needed commitment to those goals to ensure a continued transformation.  In previous blogs, we discuss the importance of helping clients face change and develop goals. In essence, goals are developed and strategies are conceived to meet those goals

Stages of Change 

Throughout the process, Egan points out that the process involves three stages.  First, telling the story so that it transforms into the real and right one.  Second, helping the client design and set forth problem managing goals and third and finally, setting into motion those plans with strategies (Egan, 2019).  These phases involve various skillsets that the counselor must employ at different phases and stages. It involves the counselor being a listener, advisor, encourager and coach.  The counselor applies basic attending skills, in previous blogs, and utilize those attending skills in productive responses and when necessary confrontations.  Everything is accomplished with empathy and patience but the skills, built upon trust, allow the counselor to awaken the client to new realities.  Following these earlier discussions, the counselor becomes and advisor and coach in helping the client find ways to change and implement new goals and strategies.  The counselor uses encouragement skills, coaching skills, and directive skills to help the client discover the power to choose wisely and act in a more healthy fashion.  Ultimately it is about the client discovering his/her own inner abilities to not only change but to sustain change.

Conclusion

No client is the same and many will have different innate virtues or vices, talents or deficiencies, strengths or weaknesses.  It is up to the counselor to help cultivate what is best in the client and help the client become his/her very best.  Through individual skills, the counselor can help within each session, but the counselor must try and fail with multiple different theories and therapies that work best for his/her client.  This involves realizing that each case is unique and different people will respond differently to different practices or approaches.  A counselor must forever remain creative and flexible in approaches and adhere to the standards of empathy which helps establish trust with clients.

Counselors play the role of listener, advisor and coach. Please also review AIHCP’s numerous mental healthcare certifications for Human Service and Healthcare professionals

A counselor can utilize a basic structure of identifying the problem, helping the client see where he/she wishes to be and help the client find ways to do it.  This involves working the client through the story and helping them see the real and right story moving forward.  It involves then goal setting and moving forward with action.  It makes the counselor more than a listener and advisor but also a coach.

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous counseling programs for those in the Human Service and Healthcare fields.  While clinical counselors have more ability to help clients deeper with issues, pastoral counselors in Human Service can also help.  This is why AIHCP offers these certifications to both clinical and non clinical Human Service professionals.  The programs in mental health include a Grief Counseling Certification, as well as a Christian Counseling Certification, Crisis Counseling Certification, Stress Management Consulting Certification and Anger Management Specialist Certification. The programs themselves are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.  Please review AIHCP’s numerous certification programs.

 

 

Reference

Egan, G. and Reese, R. (2019). “The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed.) Cengage.

Additional Resources

Ackerman, C. (2017). “19 Best Narrative Therapy Techniques & Worksheets”. Positive Psychology. Access here

Bates, D. (2022). “Storytelling in Counseling Is Often the Key to Successful Outcomes”. Psychotherapy.net.  Access here

Guy Evans, O. (2023). “Narrative Therapy: Definition, Techniques & Interventions”. Simply Psychology.  Access here

“Narrative Therapy”. Psychology Today.  Access here

 

Counseling Techniques in Understanding Meaning and Cultivating Change

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

When clients experience stress, grief or loss, sometimes meaning is critical to understand.  The emotions and feelings need to find meaning in relation to the issue.  Counselors need to have the helping skills to aid the client in finding meaning again.  This is essential especially in Grief Counseling.  In grief and loss, the individual needs to find meaning in the loss and be able to connect the past with the present to move forward to the future.  New meanings in relationship to the loss help the person connect the dots and knit together the chapters of life into a logical story.  When meaning is not found and emotions rage without direction, then the stressor or loss can lead to grief pathologies of depression or prolonged grief.  Hence it is important for the counselor to be able to navigate the person through the emotion and find meaning.  This is more than understanding the process of grief and loss, or dealing with stress, but also being able to help the client find meaning through good counseling techniques that help the client find meaning.

In previous blogs, we discussed the importance of meaning re-construction, as well as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or CBT, as key ways to help clients tie together pass loss or trauma to the present to move forward.  In this blog we will focus more on the micro skills and probing that is necessary to help clients find meaning via interaction, reframing and interpretation skills, and how to relate to the client.  Obviously, many of the other micro skills of attending the client, observation, focusing, responding, challenging and confronting are all implied within this blog and found in other previous blogs.

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple counseling blogs as well as certification programs in Grief Counseling, Stress Management, Crisis Intervention or Christian and Spiritual Counseling.

The Importance of Meaning

Finding meaning is critical to life. When bad things happen, counselors can help clients discover meaning

Meaning is essential to human existence.  This is why it is so important for individuals suffering from trauma, or abuse, or loss, or any situation to find meaning in their situation.  Sometimes it involves regaining it because it has been taken away, other times, it is discovering it for the first time.

Logotherapy is a type psychotherapy that helps individuals find meaning. It is based off Victor Frankl, the famous Holocaust survivor, who utilized meaning in life, even in its darkest hours, as a prisoner in a Nazi camp, to find hope.  Frankly administered to many of his fellow prisoners and helped them find also meaning despite the evil and trauma and abuse that surrounded them under Nazi rule.

Frankly believed everyone had a will to meaning.  This meaning is what pushes all in will and action and even helps one endure suffering and pain. These beliefs persist in the value and uniqueness of each human person.  It also is a platform for a person to move forward in life.  This has numerous applications in counseling and helping others. It involves understanding purpose in life despite pain, but the importance to define and push forward.  It involves understanding that life is far from fair but one can still find meaning through it.  Purpose is beyond bad things (Waters, E., 2019).

Frankly summarized his philosophy in six basic tenets.  Humanity is comprised of mind, body and soul but it is through the soul that we experience and find meaning.   He continued that life has meaning in all circumstances, good or bad.  He stated as well that humans have a will to meaning that pushes them.  He also listed humans also have freedom to access this meaning no matter the situation.  He stated in addition that true meaning is not merely an statement but something concrete that correlates with life and one’s values and beliefs.  Finally, he emphasized that all human beings are unique (Waters, E., 2019).

From Frankl and his classic work, “Man’s Search for Meaning”, counselors, but especially grief counselors have an excellent way to help reconstruct meaning to clients and cultivate true change in a client’s life.

Obviously, much of the work associated with David Neimeyer and meaning reconstruction are found from the ideas of Frankl.. Meaning helps tie together past, present and future into something that matters to the individual.  It helps make sense of the loss and allows the chapters of one’s life, even the bad ones, to have meaning to the overall story and book.  Obviously, counselors play a key role in helping clients evolve the story told initially into telling the right story that correlates with reality.  This involves intense counseling and sorting out feelings, but eventually these feelings can lead to a true meaning.  Reflecting and reframing are keys in achieving this for a client.

Reflection 

When individuals are discussing feelings and emotions, it is essential eventually, not initially, to guide them to meaning.  In the very beginning, it is important to allow raw emotion to be expressed, felt and processed, but it needs to eventually find meaning within the grieving process.  Counselors can help clients reflect on the emotion.  Ivey refers to the term “reflection on meaning” as a way to help clients find deeper understanding regarding issues, purpose, feelings and behaviors (2018, p. 258).  Ivey also points to the importance of interpreting and reframing these feelings.  Interpretation helps the clients understand their feelings and add meaning to them through a variety of perspectives or multicultural or psychodynamic ways.  The client is able to find new meaning, while the counselor provides the necessary reframing to explore new interpretations (2018, p. 258).

The counselor through reframing, can with empathy begin to offer different interpretations of the event itself,  One skill a counselor can utilize is linking.  Linking helps the client tie together two or more things that enables them to find new insight (Ivey, 2018, P. 265).  A counselor can tie family history, values and talents to the client in relationship to the issue, or tie the event to psychodynamic issues that exist within the client.  The linking helps the client find new perspectives on the issue at hand.

Counselors can help clients link and find self discovery through a variety of approaches.  Some counselors may utilize decisional theory that presents outcomes and alternatives for action.  Decisions need to be understood and made with the client understanding outcomes (Ivey, 2018, p. 268).  Another approach is person centered.  Linking is utilized to tie the problem together with the person’s strengths.  CBT is another way to help individuals review old ways of thinking, acting and behaviors and re-interpret them.   Reframing and linking can also be utilized with psycho-dynamic theories that help the person understand the person’s deeper subconscious past.  Finally, multicultural therapy can help a person link to and also reframe an issue with ones’ own ethnic and cultural backgrounds

 

 Reframing

A counselor’s response is key in helping one reframe and interpret meaning. In previous blogs, we discussed first attending the client, with basic responses, such as paraphrasing or summaries.  How one reflects how one feels helps open new dialogue and understanding.  Other ways to help discuss emotions and help build meaning and cultivation to change involves disclosures, feedback and consequences.

Counselors can help clients reframe and reinterpret events and emotions and help them find new meanings moving forward

Disclosures are excellent ways to involve oneself by sharing an appropriate story of one’s own life, but usually it involves oneself utilizing the phrase ” I think or I feel” in relationship to one’s issue or feeling or intended action.  Feedback is also critical in cultivating change.  It can be confirmatory or corrective. When corrective, it looks to help align a person back on track.  It involves empathy and nonjudgment when being applied but helps the client again find the proper perspective and route.  Remember, the client remains in charge and review how the client responds.  Empathetic confrontational approaches should be utilized.  Finally, logical consequences can be employed to help a client.  It summarizes the possible positive and negative consequences of a particular action.  The common phase includes “If you do…then…will possible result” (Ivey, 2018. p. 302).

Employing psychoeducation and instruction is also a key way to help push individuals to change and reframing.  By making the client understand the science and philosophy of their feelings, one can better take ownership to change.

Whatever link the counselor can utilize through whichever therapy, or phrasing is good.  Each individual is different.  The key is to help the person find a new perspective on the emotion, situation, stressor or loss.  This enables the person to form a new meaning which can help them tie the past with the present and into the future.

Fostering Resiliency

Through any change and new discovery,  counselors need to foster resiliency.  This helps the person emotionally and physically push forward into the new change and maintain the new meaning he/she has found.  This can be accomplished through a multitude of stress management techniques that involves multicultural approaches, psychoeducation, social skill training, assertiveness training, conflict resolution, bio or neurofeedback, positive reframing, CBT, time management, relaxation management and active planning techniques (Ivey, 2018, p. 288).  Ivey also lists the importance of Seven Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes.  He includes exercise, nutrition, sleep, social relations, cognitive challenges, meditation and cultural health.  Within these, he also lists the importance of prayer, hobbies, positive thinking, social outreach and avoidance of negative substances (2019, p. 288).

Egan, emphasizes that in cultivating change, counselors need to help client discover their own resilience.  Egan points out the difference between process resilience and outcome resilience.  In counseling, the counselor should be able to encourage clients to change in face of challenges, but also note outcomes.  With outcome resilience, the counselor comments on the change and how one has returned to one’s own self (Egan, 2019, p. 263).  Like a coach, the counselor hence cheers the person’s progress and ability to overcome.  Counselors need to also help clients identify resources for resiliency, within family, friends or other social support systems.  A counselor should help a client find ways to make better connections with families and friends as well.  In pushing forward, a counselor can help a person reframe issues, such as challenges or crisis as ways to grow and to understand that change is part of life (Egan, 2019, p. 265).  A client must continue, especially after loss, or trauma, to continue to keep things in perspective, maintain a healthy outlook,  find new ways for self discovery and maintain care of oneself (Egan, 2019, p.265).  A counselor can help a person maintain this progress.

Recall also, the previous blog which discusses the change scale in clients and how it is essential that the counselor discovers the level of acknowledgement and commitment to change a client may possess, as well as helping the client implement first order or second order changes depending on their situation.  The counselor can help the client with goals to implement the change and also be aware of possible setbacks and pitfalls.

Conclusion

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple mental health certifications, including AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

In helping clients change, reflection and reframing are key in helping the client link and find meaning in the trauma or loss.  As time progresses, the client will be able to find meaning and connect the incident into one’s life narrative.  Counselors can help this transition through a variety of skills mentioned in this blog and throughout other blogs written for AIHCP.  These skills help the client understand the emotion and find linking to it.  This helps them discover new meaning and ways to reinterpret the event.  Furthermore the counselor helps the client move forward by fostering resiliency and helping the client continue to move forward.

Please also review AIHCP’s various mental health certifications.  These certifications are granted to professionals in the health care field and human service field.  Some may be licensed professionals while others may be pastoral in nature.  Obviously such licensures or lack of, grant or prohibit the extent of certain counseling therapies and techniques.

AIHCP’s programs include Grief Counseling, Crisis Counseling, Stress Management Consulting, Anger Management Consulting and also Christian Counseling and Spiritual Counseling.  The programs are online and independent study.

References

Egan, G. & Reese. R. (2019).”The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed). Cengage

Ivey, A. et, al. “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed( (2018). Cengage.

Additional Resources

Morin, A. (2023). “How Cognitive Reframing Works”. Very Well Mind. Access here

Caraballo, J. (2018). “Reframing is Therapy’s Most Effective Tool, Here’s Why”. TalkSpace.  Access here

Ackerman, C. (2018). “Cognitive Restructuring Techniques for Reframing Thoughts”. Positive Psychology.  Access here

Waters, E. (2019). “Logotherapy: How to Find More Meaning in Your Life”. PsychCentral.  Access here

Focusing and Empathetic Confrontation in Counseling

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

Like in previous blogs, attending to the client, empathetically listening and observing, properly responding and encouraging are key elements in basic counseling.  Like a coach training a player or athlete, challenging and encouraging a client to change is like coaching.  It involves the counselor helping the client push forward, and like in coaching, this sometimes involves more than just challenging, but to also focus on the issue that needs addressed and then properly fix it.  A good coach will focus and see a flaw in the mechanics of a player and then challenge and confront the player and help guide the player to fixing it.  Counselors focus on the client’s story and then discover the core issues.  After finding the core issues, they offer empathetic confrontations to help push forward.   These skills represent later measures after basic attending, listening, observing and responding and look in later sessions to help the client find real and true change.  In this blog, we will first look at focusing and then conclude with empathetic confrontation.

Focusing in Counseling

According to Ivey, the skill of focusing is a form of attending of the client that enables a counselor to discover multiple views of the client’s story (2018, p. 221).   It helps the client think of new possibilities during the restory and call to action (Ivey, 2019, p. 221).  A counselor goes well beyond merely the “I” in the story but looks to broaden the story beyond merely the client but into other aspects of the client’s life.  How the counselor responds to the client hence can play a key role in where the story proceeds in the counseling sessions.  Counselors who direct the conversation through selective attention skills can take the “I” conversation into other social and cultural spheres of the client.  These other spheres of influence can be key clues into the client’s mindset. Ultimately, focusing is about helping the client address emotional issues.  It is client based and humanistic in approach.

How a counselor focuses on the multiple aspects of a client’s story is key to understanding the whole story. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

Ivey lists seven focus dimensions that counselors can utilize in responding and discussing issues.  The first is to focus on the client him/herself.  This involves direct questions regarding the client’s feelings.  The second involves focusing on the theme .  It involves asking the client about the issue itself and discovering details regarding the theme of the issue and how the client feels in the immediate moment.   The third dimension shifts focus to others within the client’s life.  It delves into questions about significant others, family members, friends or others involved in the issue.  The fourth dimension of focusing looks at mutual aspects of how the client and counselor can work together. It emphasizes “we” and how the counselor and client can find ways to deal with the issue.  The fifth dimension focuses on the counselor.  It involves how the counselor can paraphrase and share appropriate and similar experiences with solutions.  The sixth focus puts into perspective the issue in regards to the client’s cultural or environmental background and how they may play into the current issue.  Finally, focusing on the here and now delves into identifying how the client feels at the moment itself (Ivey, 2018, p. 221).

Focusing on a client’s cultural/religious/ethnic background can play a key in discovering issues that exist in the person.  It can help explain why a particular client responds and reacts a certain way.  It can also be used to find strengths for the person.  Ivey illustrates the importance of Community and Family Genograms that help map out the client’s background (2018, p.212).   A good family genogram will help clients identify issues from a cultural standpoint and understand better their relationship to their surrounding environment and its stressors.  In addition, it can also help clients discover new hidden strengths that exist within their family and culture.   Helping the diverse client take pride in their past and heritage can help build resiliency.  When stressors or issues occur, a client can utilize a term referred to as “body anchoring” where the client reflects upon a voice of a relative, famous individual, or cultural icon to help him/herself find confidence and strength to face the issue (Ivey, 2018, p. 220).  This also helps multicultural clients have the power to name issues that are effecting them.  Using focus on culture can be a very helpful tool when utilized correctly during a counsel session.  This type of focusing helps many diverse populations deal more effectively against microaggressions (Ivey, 2018, p. 248).

Ways to help find a client’s particular cultural awareness during focusing is through the Cross five stage model, named after William Cross (Ivey, 2018, p. 244).  Also referred to as the five stages of cultural identity, Cross identified how diverse populations recognize themselves and respond to confrontation.  Focusing on the stage of a particular client hence can be very beneficial.  The first stage involves the conformity stage.  The individual may be unaware of racial identity and merely conforms to societal expectations.  The second stage involves dissonance where the individual realizes that something does not match or fit.  This can lead to self-appreciation or self doubt.  The third stage results in resistance or emersion.  An individual may become more angry at the injustice or immerse oneself more in one’s own culture.  The fourth phase involves introspection where the individual sees oneself as an individual and part of the cultural group.  The final phase of integrative awareness is the full sense of caring for oneself and one’s cultural heritage.  This leads to appreciation and action but more so due to pride and awareness (Ivey, 2018, p. 245).   Through identification of these phases or stages, counselors can help clients better utilize the client’s heritage and culture to empower the client in various interventions.

Empathetic Confrontation

Empathetic Confrontation looks to help someone understand negative behaviors in a nonjudgmental and empathetic way

A counselor, like a coach, uses a variety of encouragement and challenging strategies to help a client find change.  Within the Problem Management Model, a client is shown the present, perceived view and ways to find the new view.  This involves identifying internal as well as external conflicts.  Sometimes, clients may become stuck in a way of thinking. They lack intentionality to change or lack creativity (Ivey, 2018, p. 229).  Within this state, the client becomes immobile, experiences blocks, cannot achieve goals, lacks motivation and has reached an impasse (Ivey, 2018, p. 229).   In these, cases, like a coach, the counselor needs to help the client face these issues and move forward.   This involves a type of confrontation but this confrontation is not meant to imply aggression or hostile or argumentative behavior but is an engagement for change. According to Ivey, Carl Rogers pushed for the ideal of Empathetic Confrontation, which espouses a gentle listening to the client and then encouraging the client to examine oneself more fully (2018, p. 2029).   Summaries are an excellent way to help confront a client with empathy.  In this way, the counselor can present a two-part summary which states both positions with the connecting phrase “but on the other hand” (Ivey, 2018, p. 229-230).  This presents both views of feelings and allows the client to digest the statement and see any discrepancies or issues of conflict within his/her logic.

 

Carl Rogers points out that even when presented in these terms, sometimes, the client may feel attacked or confronted. In these cases, he suggests to also hold tight to nonjudgmental attitudes, keeping one’s own beliefs to the side.  Rogers emphasized that individuals with issues who come to counseling do not need judged or evaluated but guided (Ivey, 2018, p. 230).   Within any issue, the counselor confronts but also supports.  This involves first a relationship that must exist.  Without a relationship of trust, the client will not accept any advice from a sterile stranger who he/she may merely see as a paid listener.  When confronting, it is essential when summarizing to state the client’s point of view first, before comparing the opposing view.  In addition, the client must remain in charge of outcomes.  The counselor when confronting is not telling the client what to do but offering suggestions (Ivey, 2018, p. 232).  In conclusion, the counselor must listen and observe for mixed messages and then respond with empathy in a summary that clarifies any internal or external issues.  This should resolve with actions towards resolution of the issue (Ivey, 2018, p. 235).

Egan points out that are multiple ways to challenge and confront clients to life enhancing actions.  Egan differentiates between goals but also strong intention and commitments to a course of action.  The importance of understanding the value of action intentions is key in helping a client carry out a particular again (2019, p, 234-235).    Implementing these instructions, with strong phrases such as “I strongly intend to do x when y occurs” can help clients find tools necessary to incorporate the necessary change (Egan, 2019, p. 235).  Sometimes, a self contract to do a certain thing can be a powerful tool in helping clients galvanize towards change (Egan, 2019, p. 239).

Egan also points out that counselors need to help their clients overcome procrastination.   Egan lists numerous excuses that can include competing daily agendas or short term pains (2019, p. 236).  It is important to guide one’s client between conscious deliberation and procrastination that prevents true change.

Egan reminds counselors to also help clients identify unused resources that can help facilitate change.  Replace “I can’t” with “I can” phrases by helping the client discover unused talents and resources to help one overcome negative thoughts of failure. (Egan, 2019, p.237).

When aiding clients with life enhancing actions, it is important to provide sometimes confirmatory feedback as well as corrective feedback.  Obviously, confirmatory feedback acknowledges progress, but corrective feedback looks to help clients who wandered off from the course of action (Egan, 2019, p. 244).   The spirit of empathy and nonjudgment are again essential in how this is accomplished.  In many ways, it is confronting but in a non hostile way.  Counselors can help clients stay on track through multiple ways via checklists, identification of possible obstacles and helping them identify damaging attitudes.  Such attitudes can be due to a passivity not to take responsibility, a learned helplessness, disabling self talk, or disorganization (Egan, 2019, p. 245-248).  Egan also warns that while helping clients, be aware of entropy and how initial change can gradually break down.  Egan lists false hopes and the natural decay curve as two things that can occur in clients (2019, p.249-250).  Within each, clients may have too high of expectations, or consider mistakes to destroy the entire process.  Give clients the power to make mistakes throughout the process.

Sometimes, as noted, some clients are more resistant to confrontation and change.  Some may become visibly upset if confronted with a discrepancy in life.  Different clients respond to different challenges in different ways.  The Client Change Scale or CCS is a way to measure a client’s reaction to empathetic confrontation (Ivey, 2018, p. 237).  Level 1 involves denial of the issue. Within this level, the story is distorted and the client will look to blame others unfairly.  Level 2 consists of bargaining and partial acceptance of the story.  In this reality, the story is finally changing in a more true direction.  Level 3 involves acceptance of the reality.  The truth is recognized and the story is finally complete.  Level 4 incorporates new solutions to make the story better and finally Level 5 refers to transcendence and the incorporation of the new story into the client’s life (Ivey, 2018, p. 246).  The CCS helps the counselor track each session and see if progress or regression occurs from one session to the next in regards to change.

Egan points out that many individuals are reluctant to change due to variety of issues including fear of intensity of it, lack of trust in the process, extreme shame, loss of hope, or even the cost of the change itself (2019, p. 253-255).  In dealing with these things, counselors need to be realistic and flexible and look to push the client beyond resistance by examining incentives of change (Egan, 2019, 259).  In some cases, when change is identified and the need for it accepted, clients may need time in adjusting or implementing it.  Egan points out that change can exist on two levels.  He refers to these types of changes as first order changes and second order changes.  First order change is operational and a short term solution, while second order change is more strategic and long term.  Egan compares the two with first and second as being compared in these ways.  First order utilizes adjustments to the current situation, while second is systematic, first monitors, while second creates new, first creates temporary, while second creates to endure.  First changes look sometimes to deal with the symptoms while second attacks the causes (Egan, 2019, p. 308).

In some clients, the situation to change may not permit a new paradigm but may requires coping skills.  For instance, a stressed employee may be forced to keep a stressful job but may need to tinker with it due to the financial a loss of finding a new job would incur with a more lasting change, while a battered spouse would require a permanent change and would not be able to cope with the existing abuse.

An interesting model is the GROW model.  John Whitmore, creator of the model utilized the acronym to produce change and to assess one’s willingness to change.  G represents goal or what one wishes to accomplish. R stands for reality and where the client currently exists.  O stands for options and what one can possibly do.  Finally W stands for will, or what one is willing to do.

This model as well the Problem Management Model are ways to help move the sessions and help identify issues and assess how to empathetically confront and challenge individuals to productive change.

Conclusion

How a counselor attends to a client also involves sometimes more than listening but also focusing on particular aspects of the client’s life.  This involves the other aspects of the clients life and in many cases includes cultural and social issues that affect the client.  This can be merely family but also take upon the broader cultural aspect of a person.  Someone of European descent may react quite differently than someone of Asian descent to the same issue.  Hence focusing in on these issues is an essential attending skill.  It is also important to understand where one cultural exists within oneself.  The Cross model can help counselors better gauge one’s cultural awareness and how that plays in one’s particular situation.

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification as well its Christian Counseling Program.

In addition, this blog discussed the importance of Empathetic Confrontation.  Carl Rogers understood the importance of helping individuals identify problems that were internal or external but he also understood that is was critical to approach confrontation with nonjudgment and empathy.  Employing a two part summary with “on the other hand” can help expose issues and offer good solutions but different individuals react to confrontation to change differently.  The Client Change Scale is an excellent way to gauge and monitor a client’s willingness to change.  Through Empathetic Confrontation, the counselor looks to challenge past themes or schemas of a client’s life and help them find new ways to correct negative behaviors.

Please also review AIHCP’s many mental health certification programs.  AIHCP offers a Grief Counseling Certification, as well as a Christian Counseling Certification. In addition, AIHCP offers programs in Crisis Intervention, Healthcare Life Coaching, Stress Management and Anger Management Consulting.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.

 

 

Reference

Ivey, A. et, al. “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed( (2018). Cengage.

Additional Resources

Williams, M. (2018). “Ethnic and Racial Identity and the Therapeutic Alliance”.  Psychology Today.  Access here

Sutton, J. (2022). “How to Assess and Improve Readiness for Change”, PositivePsychology.com.  Access here

“Focusing” (2016). Good Therapy.  Access here

“The Technique of Confrontation in Counseling” (2022). Optimist Minds. Access here

 

 

Multicultural Competence in Counseling

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

A driving force in recent years is a more counselor awareness of multicultural differences between people.  As the world becomes smaller and more and more different ethnic and religious communities interact, the reality that individuals with very different views is becoming more and more common.  Simply through social media, the interaction between different individuals with diverse backgrounds has increased over the years.  Counselors also are coming into more contact with others of different beliefs and cultures and it is important for counselors to understand cultural issues within a client and how that affects the counseling process.  How a particular person from one culture versus another culture can vary greatly how various emotions such as grief are displayed, or how certain emotions are seen as positive and negative.  When working with a client, a counselor needs to be able to understand these differences.  The counselor will also need to understand other sensitive issues that exist for a particular client that is tied to his/her culture or background.  This involves many investigative and interviewing steps to have a full grasp of the client.

Multicultural Competence

When counseling, counselors need to be aware of cultural differences between themselves and clients

Many are sometimes rigid to ideas of multicultural issues and may see it as merely another “woke” agenda but this is farther from the truth.  Multicultural competence is imperative to social skills, especially for counselors.  It helps counselors better understand different clients to maximize helping and minimize harm.  According to Ivey, it is ethically imperative that counselors become more multicultural competent in their care of clients (2018, p. 51).   Hence any hesitancy by counselors to remain close minded to cultural realities is something contrary to the very nature of helping others.  There are extremely important things to consider when helping others with different backgrounds and they play key roles in the therapeutic process.

Ivey lists the “RESPECTFUL” model which highlights key dimensions within a human person.  Each letter of respectful correlates with something unique about ourselves as well as others.  When looking at the counselor and client, it is important to identify not only the client within this model, but also the counselor and how the differences between the two could possibly manifest and side track the counseling process.  We will briefly look at this model.

 

 

R= Religious or spiritual background.  Obviously someone who is Christian would differ greatly from someone who is Hindu, or someone who is religious versus someone who is secular.

E= Economic and social background.  A more wealthy counselor may have issues identifying with an individual with far less income and wealth.

S= Sexual Identity.  Individuals who are heterosexual or homosexual have very different stories to tell in regards of acceptance within society

P= Personal Style and Education.  Different levels of education can cause differences in how well communication and conversation is achieved.

E= Ethnic and Racial Identity.  Different cultures and races have different experiences with situations. Sometimes counselor and client are two differently culturally and racial people

C= Chronological/Life Span.  Depending on one’s age, the outlook on a particular situation can differ greatly.

T= Trauma.  An individual based on their situation or culture may inherit various different levels of inherent trauma

F= Family background and History.  A person’s upbringing can play a key role in his/her development.  A person raised in a two parent home versus a one parent home

U= Unique Physical Characteristics.  A person with various disabilities has a unique set of challenges.

L=Location and Language.  A person’s land or origin, or where a person resides or the language a person speaks can all create unique difficulties

(Ivey, 2018, p. 33)

These types of differences all point to unique challenges a counselor may encounter with a particular client.   When counseling, different cultural expressions can emerge in how one expresses or speaks or means a certain phrase.  Hence it is important to be aware of the RESPECTFUL model and see how each element can possibly apply to a client

Soul Wounds

Different races, cultures and people face historical traumas and what is referred to as “soul wounds”

 

Different cultures experience different griefs or collective wounds that an individual has inherited.  This can be referred to as social grief, but also according to Ivey, as “soul wounds” (2018., p.52),  Historical trauma can play a key role in how an individual living in the present experiences the world and interacts with it.  African American clients can experience quite a different situation from day to day interaction with others than White Americans.  A simple traffic stop can have a greater traumatic effect due to racial profiling, police brutality, and social injustice.  In addition, African Americans suffer the tragic legacy of slavery within their history.  Following slavery, unjust and unequal economic restrictions prevented many African Americans from accumulating wealth leading to current poverty levels for many of them.  These types of issues and a host of other microaggressions greatly affect African American clients.

Simple prejudice can also exist at the microlevel that many individuals do not notice.  Microaggressions based on mere differences of culture and skin color exist within the world.  Whether unintended or intended, these aggressions add up over time.  Individuals face prejudices, looks, stares, or unkind words or opinions that can build up within them over time (Ivey, 2018, p. 52).  In most cases, although, microaggressions are not intended to be harmful, they still can cause great harm and trigger the other party.

So whether it is the African American community, or the Native American community, or the LGBTQ community, various slights and soul wounds exist within their communities that affect them.  Understanding these wounds and the importance of recognizing this diversity is critical in any type of counseling.

Counselor World View 

Believe it or not, the counselor brings with him/herself a variety of inherent bias and world views that he/she must be aware of and attempt to filter out when counseling.  Awareness  of one’s own background is as key as awareness of the client’s background (Ivey, 2018, p. 52).  Within this, a counselor of a particular background must be aware of his/her own beliefs and background but also how he/she appears before the client.  A white male counselor may initially cause some distance between a black female client.  The issue of creating trust and understanding may take longer. In this case, privilege and image play a key role.  A young counselor may find struggles counseling an older client, so minimizing the status of oneself or the privileges associated with oneself can play a key role in a healthy counselor/client relationship.  Unfortunately, sometimes, counselors and clients do not match, and through no fault of either, another fit may be best.  Do not feel horrible if this is the case because in many cases the perception of the client regarding the counselor is key.

The client hence needs to show cultural sensitivity to race, religion, age, gender, sexuality or culture of the individual.  This involves using political correct terminology (Ivey, 2018, p. 52).  The counseling session should not include language that is non-inclusive that already exists in the  outside world and causes distress to the client.  The counseling should be professional and void of damaging language.  In addition, the counselor must be extra careful in how he/she presents himself to different individuals with different backgrounds that may cause distress, either through posture, facial expressions, or words.  The counselor also needs to be mindful of his/her own beliefs and maintain a neutral setting with those of extremely different views.  The counselor should do his/her very best to be inclusive and open minded in listening and discussing issues that are different than his/her own religious or even moral beliefs.   If bias exists, then it needs to be dismissed.  A client can never be dismissed or set to the side due to cultural or moral differences.  This goes against all ethical standards of counseling.  If cultural differences are so great and there is no benefit in the counseling, usually the client will sense it, but if not, a counselor can help the client find a counselor that better matches the client’s needs, but again, this must be done with sensitivity, care and mutual agreement.

Conclusion

Ultimately it is the counselors job to be multicultural competent.  Some counselors may be less open to this type of training but to better serve the client and cause no harm it is absolutely essential that counselors become multicultural competent.

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling and Christian Counseling certification programs and see if they meet your academic and professional goals

Counselors need to be aware of different backgrounds through the RESPECTFUL MODEL, be aware of soul wounds of a particular culture and also be aware of their own beliefs and values.  The counselor needs to remain neutral but educated on different backgrounds.  This is not only important ethically but it also permits the counselor to better understand how different people experience the world and how they communicate it.  In addition, a counselor needs to be aware of his/her own values and appearance and how that translates to a potential client.

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification, as well as its Christian Counseling Certification.  AIHCP also offers a host of other mental health certifications for clergy, pastoral and clinical counselors, social workers and any individuals within the Human Service fields in Crisis Intervention, Stress Management and also Anger Management.  All of the programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.

Also for members of AIHCP with existing Grief Counseling Certifications, please review AIHCP’s Grief Diversity Counseling Program which focuses on such issues of grief and diversity within different cultural groups.

 

Reference

Ivey, A. et. al. (2018). “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed.) Cengage

Additional Resources

Seales, J., (2022). “Cultural Competence in Therapy: What It Is and How to Find It”. PsychCentral.  Access here

Farook, M. “The State of Multicultural Counseling Competencies Research”.  Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy. Access here

Gillson, S. & Ross, A. (2019). “From Generation to Generation: Rethinking “Soul Wounds” and Historical Trauma”. Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 1; 86(7): e19–e20. National Library of Medicine. Acces here

Berns-Zare, I. (2021). “6 Ways to Build Multicultural Competence and Combat Racism”. Psychology Today.  Access here