Christian Spiritual Counseling

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Christian Counseling: Understanding Isaiah 9:6-7: Jesus as Our Wonderful Counselor

Posted on by Mark Moran

Isaiah 9:6-7 stands as a monumental piece of scripture, revered by many for its profound anticipation of the coming of Jesus Christ and his Earthly ministry. This passage not only foretells the birth of Jesus but also intricately describes His nature and the role He is to play in the lives of believers. It refers to Jesus as a “Wonderful Counselor,” among other titles, highlighting an aspect of Christ’s ministry that offers deep insights into the fusion of divine guidance with the principles of counseling. Exploring this passage opens the door to understanding how biblical teachings can enrich the fabric of contemporary Christian counseling, grounding spiritual growth firmly in the bedrock of God’s love. Christ is the paradigm for all counselors.  His virtue and ability to listen and advise with love and compassion all point to Him as the most wonderful Counselor

Jesus Christ it the most wonderful and ultimate counselor. Please review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification

This article aims to delve into how the prophecy of Isaiah 9:6-7 finds its fulfillment in Jesus, examining His qualities as a Wonderful Counselor and what it means for individuals seeking guidance and solace in their lives. It will explore the role of Jesus in counseling, stressing the importance of listening to His teachings and applying biblical principles in the counseling process. Additionally, this exploration will cover aspects of professional Christian counseling, including what Christian counselors do, the importance of Christ-first counseling, and how individuals can overcome personal barriers to spiritual growth. By drawing upon these themes, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of how integrating Jesus’ teachings can enhance the effectiveness of counseling for Christians, fostering a deeper connection with God’s love.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification. The program is online and independent study and open to pastors and others in spiritual care who look to emulate Christ and become certified in the field of Christian Counseling.

The Prophecy and Its Fulfillment in Jesus

Isaiah 9:6 stands as a cornerstone of biblical prophecy, heralding the arrival of a divine figure who would bear the weight of governance and embody the essence of God’s eternal plan. This prophecy, deeply embedded in the fabric of Christian theology, foretells the birth of Jesus Christ, a pivotal event that marks both a fulfillment and a beginning in the biblical narrative.

Isaiah 9:6 Explained

The verse explicitly states, “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.” This passage is not merely a prediction; it encapsulates the essence of Jesus’ mission and the characteristics he embodies. The child, referred to here, is distinctively marked by titles that transcend human leadership, pointing directly to the divine.

Historically, this prophecy served as a beacon of hope for the people of Judah, promising deliverance from darkness and oppression through a leader whose reign would be characterized by peace and righteousness. The mention of a child who would shoulder the government underscores a dual expectation of innocence and sovereign authority, culminating in the leadership of Christ.

The Titles of the Messiah

The titles ascribed to Jesus in Isaiah 9:6 are profound, each reflecting a unique aspect of his divine and human roles. “Wonderful Counselor” indicates wisdom beyond human capabilities, highlighting Jesus’ role in guiding his followers through the complexities of life with divine wisdom. “Mighty God” emphasizes his divine nature, affirming the Christian belief in Jesus’ divinity and his integral role in the Godhead.

“Everlasting Father” suggests a timeless, enduring leadership, portraying Jesus as a paternal figure whose guidance and protection are perpetual. Lastly, “Prince of Peace” encapsulates his mission to reconcile humanity with God, bringing an eternal peace that surpasses political and temporal solutions.

The fulfillment of this prophecy is seen in the New Testament, where Jesus’ birth, life, ministry, and resurrection align with the characteristics and roles foretold by Isaiah. His governance is not of political strife but of the hearts and spirits of his followers, establishing a kingdom based on justice, peace, and righteousness.

The prophecy of Isaiah 9:6-7, therefore, is not just a foretelling of events but a declaration of the enduring hope and eternal governance brought forth by Jesus Christ. It serves as a foundational text that underscores the messianic expectations and the profound nature of Jesus’ mission as understood in Christian theology. Through these titles, the prophecy articulates a multifaceted understanding of Jesus’ identity and role, which continues to resonate with believers worldwide.

Jesus’ Qualities as a Wonderful Counselor

Jesus possesses all the qualities of the perfect counselor. Christian Counselors should emulate His approach

Exploring ‘Wonderful’

The term “Wonderful Counselor,” as used in Isaiah 9:6, carries a depth that transcends common usage today. The original Hebrew connotation of “wonderful” implies something miraculous, incomprehensible, and awe-inspiring. This description of the Messiah, Jesus Christ, suggests an extraordinary capacity that goes beyond human understanding, marking Him as a counselor whose wisdom and guidance are divine in nature. His counsel is not merely helpful but filled with wonder, leading individuals to marvel at the profound insights and solutions He provides.

Jesus’ Exemplary Deeds

Jesus Christ demonstrated His wonderful nature through various actions during His time on Earth. From His miraculous birth to His resurrection, each event in His life underscored His divine capabilities. He healed the sick, such as restoring sight to the blind and curing diseases with a touch or a word, showcasing His authority over physical ailments. His teachings, filled with deep wisdom, astonished many, including those who were well-versed in religious law.

Furthermore, Jesus led a life without sin, which is in itself a testament to His perfect nature (Hebrews 4:15). His resurrection, a pivotal moment, not only fulfilled prophecies but also displayed His power over death, affirming His role as the Mighty God and Everlasting Father. These acts of healing, teaching, and perfect moral standing highlight His qualifications as a “Wonderful Counselor,” capable of providing unmatched guidance and insight.

Through His interactions, Jesus also addressed the deeper needs of individuals, diagnosing and meeting their spiritual and emotional requirements. For instance, His encounter with the Rich Young Ruler revealed Jesus’ ability to discern the heart’s intentions and provide counsel that, although challenging, aimed at true spiritual growth and freedom from material bondage.

In summary, the qualities of Jesus as a Wonderful Counselor are vividly demonstrated through His divine attributes and His earthly ministry. His actions and teachings not only fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah but continue to offer profound guidance and wisdom to all who seek His counsel today.

Jesus in the Role of Counselor

Historical Context

Jesus Christ, often heralded as the ultimate model for counselors, exemplifies the integration of divine wisdom and human interaction. His role as a counselor was not confined to the mere dispensation of advice but was deeply embedded in His interactions with individuals across various contexts. Historically, Jesus acted as a counselor in the broadest sense—He understood the human psyche intricately, as evidenced by His dual nature as both divine creator and incarnate Son of God.

Throughout His earthly ministry, Jesus engaged with individuals from all walks of life, addressing their spiritual, emotional, and physical needs. His approach was not limited to formal settings but was carried out wherever He went—be it streets, weddings, or wellsides. This omnipresent availability highlights His commitment to meeting people where they were, emphasizing His role as a shepherd and overseer of souls.

Biblical Illustrations

The Gospels are replete with instances that showcase Jesus’ profound ability to counsel and transform lives. One of the most poignant illustrations is His interaction with the Samaritan woman at the well (John 4:1-42). Here, Jesus, though physically weary, prioritizes the woman’s deeper spiritual thirst, offering her “living water” that symbolizes eternal life and fulfillment beyond earthly means. This encounter not only addresses her immediate social and personal issues but also extends an invitation to a transformed life.

Another significant example is found in Jesus’ response to the adulterous woman brought before Him (John 8:3-11). Instead of condemning her, Jesus uses the situation to teach profound lessons on sin, grace, and redemption, effectively counseling both the accused and her accusers. His approach was not to inflict shame but to restore dignity and encourage a path free from sin.

Jesus’ ability to delve into the depths of human experience and offer transformative guidance is further exemplified in His interactions with His disciples, particularly in restoring Peter after his denial (John 21:15-23). Here, Jesus not only reassures Peter of his worth but also reorients him towards his role in the early Church, demonstrating how effective counseling can lead to personal restoration and fulfillment of one’s calling.

These biblical accounts underscore Jesus’ mastery in counseling, marked by a deep understanding of human nature, a compassionate approach to individual struggles, and a focus on holistic transformation. His legacy as the Wonderful Counselor continues to influence Christian counseling today, encouraging a reliance on His wisdom and the Holy Spirit’s guidance in all manners of personal and communal challenges. Through these illustrations, believers are reminded of the profound impact that wise, empathetic, and spiritually grounded counseling can have on individuals and communities alike.

Listening to Jesus as a Counselor

Open the door when Christ knocks and listen to His counsel

Empathy and Wisdom

Jesus’ approach to counseling is deeply rooted in empathy, a non-negotiable virtue that enables a counselor to connect emotionally and understand the sufferings of others. His interactions throughout the Gospels demonstrate a profound ability to empathize with people from all walks of life, regardless of their circumstances. For instance, when observing the crowds, Jesus not only recognized their physical ailments but also understood the spiritual and emotional burdens they carried. This depth of understanding was paired with an unparalleled wisdom that allowed Him to address not just the symptoms but the root causes of their struggles.

 

Empathy in counseling according to Jesus involves a genuine connection with individuals, acknowledging their suffering without judgment. This empathetic connection is crucial as it fosters a safe environment where individuals feel understood and valued, paving the way for effective counseling. Jesus exemplified this through His actions, whether it was through healing the sick or offering words of comfort and guidance. His ability to be present in the moments of people’s deepest needs, offering both understanding and actionable wisdom, sets a foundational example for all who provide counsel.

Biblical Encouragement

The role of encouragement in counseling cannot be overstated, and Jesus mastered this through His words and deeds. Biblical encouragement, as demonstrated by Jesus, involves more than mere compliments; it is about directing individuals towards spiritual truths that uplift and edify. This form of encouragement is evident when Jesus interacted with those around Him, constantly pointing them back to the truths of God’s word and His promises. For example, His discussions often included references to Scripture that provided reassurance and hope, such as His reminders of God’s omnipresence and the ultimate victory over sin and death.

Encouragement from a biblical perspective involves recognizing and affirming God’s work in an individual’s life, which can significantly impact their spiritual and emotional well-being. It helps individuals see beyond their current struggles to the greater purpose and plan God has for them. Jesus’ method of encouragement was always filled with grace and truth, providing a balance that not only comforted but also motivated individuals towards spiritual growth and reliance on God.

In counseling, adopting Jesus’ approach means integrating empathy with the wisdom of Scripture, ensuring that encouragement is not just uplifting but also transformative. This dual application of empathy and biblical encouragement helps counselors address the needs of the soul with sensitivity and depth, following the exemplary model set by Jesus, our Wonderful Counselor.

Elements of Effective Counseling

Effective counseling in a Christian context involves a balanced integration of four key elements: commendation, comfort, conviction, and challenge. Each component plays a crucial role in fostering spiritual growth and personal transformation, aligning closely with biblical principles.

Commendation and Comfort

Commendation in counseling involves identifying and affirming thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that align with scriptural wisdom. This process is vital for building confidence and instilling hope within counselees. It requires a deep understanding of the individual’s experiences and a diligent search for Christlike behaviors, even amidst significant personal struggles. For example, in Revelation 2:2-3, Jesus commends the church of Ephesus for their deeds and perseverance, acknowledging their strengths before addressing areas of improvement. This approach not only motivates but also opens the heart to receive further guidance.

Comfort, the second element, entails offering words that bring peace, relief, and consolation to those in distress. It involves a profound understanding of the individual’s pain and applying God’s promises specifically to their situation. However, true Christian comfort goes beyond mere sympathy; it combines empathy with actionable steps, preventing the comfort zone from becoming a stagnation point. It challenges the individual to move beyond their current state towards greater spiritual maturity, balancing sympathy with the necessity for growth.

Conviction and Challenge

Conviction involves making individuals aware of how their thoughts, feelings, or actions may have strayed from God’s laws. This component is crucial as it confronts the individual with the reality of their sin or shortcomings in a loving yet truthful manner. It’s about bringing to light the areas that need correction, which is essential for genuine repentance and spiritual growth.

The final element, challenge, focuses on helping individuals devise and implement a plan that aligns their thoughts, feelings, and actions with biblical teachings. This proactive step is vital for ensuring that the counseling process leads to tangible changes in behavior and mindset. It encourages the counselee to apply scriptural wisdom actively in everyday life, thereby promoting continuous spiritual and personal development.

By weaving together these four elements—commendation, comfort, conviction, and challenge—Christian counseling can effectively guide individuals towards a deeper relationship with Christ, marked by a transformative and renewing journey of faith. This holistic approach not only addresses immediate issues but also fosters long-term spiritual resilience and growth.

Seeking Professional Christian Counseling

Please review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification and see if it matches your academic and professional goals

While the Bible does not explicitly address the profession of counseling, it strongly advocates for the wisdom and safety found in seeking counsel. Proverbs 11:14 and 12:15, among other verses, endorse the value of guidance, portraying it as a wise and necessary pursuit for managing life’s challenges. This biblical endorsement forms the foundation for the practice of professional Christian counseling, which integrates scriptural wisdom with therapeutic expertise.

AIHCP offers a Christian Counseling Certification for clergy, pastors, and others in pastoral care.  Licensed counselors and other Human Service professionals, as well as healthcare professionals also qualify for the program.

Biblical Support

Scripture does not directly mention professional counseling but offers broad support for the concept through its endorsement of seeking wisdom and multiple counselors. For instance, Proverbs 19:20 and 13:10 suggest that wise counsel is crucial for personal well-being and safety. These passages collectively imply that while the advisors in biblical times were not labeled as professional counselors, the act of seeking and heeding wise counsel aligns with biblical principles.

Attributes of Professional Counselors

Professional Christian counselors are distinguished by their specialized training and commitment to integrating biblical truth with counseling practices. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, the term “professional” implies a level of specialized education and training which professional Christian counselors embody. They often hold credentials such as Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) or Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), highlighting their expertise in both spiritual and psychological disciplines.

These counselors are adept at navigating the complexities of human behavior and mental health through a biblical lens. They utilize their training to identify root causes of personal struggles and employ scriptural principles to guide their therapeutic approaches. This dual expertise enables them to offer not only psychological relief but also spiritual growth and healing.

Professional Christian counselors also respect the distinction between different counseling methodologies. While some adhere to Nouthetic counseling, which focuses on sin as the root of problems and uses scripture as the sole corrective, others recognize the limitations of this approach. They understand that some issues require more comprehensive psychotherapeutic interventions, alongside spiritual guidance.

In practice, these counselors do not impose their worldview but facilitate the discovery of truth in a caring manner. They are trained to use biblical wisdom and professional therapeutic techniques to help individuals navigate their challenges while fostering spiritual growth.

By integrating professional expertise with a deep understanding of biblical principles, Christian counselors provide a unique and vital service that supports both mental health and spiritual well-being. Their work not only addresses immediate psychological needs but also encourages a deeper relationship with Christ, aligning with the overall goal of Christian counseling to bring about holistic healing and spiritual maturity.

Overcoming Personal Barriers

Common Obstacles

One of the significant challenges many individuals face in their spiritual journey is the internalization of an idealized ‘quiet time’ with God. This often envisioned scenario involves uninterrupted, serene moments of prayer and Bible study, typically imagined in the early morning hours with no distractions. However, for most, such a perfect setting is unattainable, leading to discouraged attempts at spiritual practices. It is crucial to recognize that spiritual growth is not confined to these idealized moments. Instead, individuals can engage with God in various everyday situations such as during daily commutes, in work meetings, or even while performing household chores.

Moreover, the pursuit of spiritual growth is often hindered by the distractions of daily life. The allure of materialism, the pressures of societal expectations, and the pursuit of pleasure can clutter the soul, making it difficult to maintain a close and intimate relationship with God. Additionally, sin, whether overt or subtle, creates barriers between individuals and God, affecting their prayer life and overall spiritual health. The recognition and acknowledgment of these sins, followed by genuine repentance, are essential steps toward spiritual renewal.

Biblical Encouragement

To navigate these barriers, the Bible offers profound encouragement and practical advice. Scripture teaches that spiritual growth requires intentional effort and is a lifelong process. Individuals are encouraged to “cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you” (1 Peter 5:7), which underscores the importance of trusting God with all aspects of life, including the challenges and obstacles that hinder spiritual growth.

Furthermore, relationships play a crucial role in spiritual development. Associating with negative or judgmental individuals can severely limit one’s spiritual progress. Instead, fostering relationships with those who embody Christlike attributes can enhance one’s faith and encourage spiritual maturity. The Bible also warns against the dangers of legalism and fear, which can stifle spiritual freedom and growth.

In overcoming personal barriers to spiritual growth, it is helpful to create environments that encourage engagement with God. Keeping spiritual resources accessible, such as Bible apps or scripture cards around living and workspaces, can remind individuals to turn their thoughts to God throughout the day. This practice helps in maintaining a constant connection with God, enabling individuals to overcome the distractions and challenges that life presents.

By addressing these common obstacles with biblical wisdom and practical steps, individuals can foster a deeper relationship with God, overcoming the barriers that hinder their spiritual growth and embracing a life of faith and fulfillment.

Applying Jesus’ Teachings in Counseling

Practical Applications

In applying Jesus’ teachings to counseling, it is essential to recognize the foundational role that biblical principles play in promoting mental and emotional well-being. According to insights derived from scripture, God provides a blueprint for mental health that, while not exhaustive, guides individuals toward maintaining a positive mental direction. For instance, Philippians 4:6-7 offers a clear directive to not be anxious but instead, through prayer and thanksgiving, present requests to God, allowing His peace to guard one’s heart and mind. This approach aligns with the counseling practice of encouraging clients to focus on the present moment and manage anxieties by trusting in divine providence.

Furthermore, Proverbs 14:16 highlights the importance of wisdom and self-control—qualities that Jesus epitomized and that are crucial in counseling settings. Counselors can guide clients to adopt these traits, fostering decision-making that shuns recklessness and embraces thoughtful consideration of consequences. This biblical insight supports the therapeutic goal of helping clients develop healthier emotional responses and behavioral patterns.

Living by His Wisdom

Living by the wisdom of Jesus involves integrating His teachings into daily counseling practices. This includes fostering an environment where clients feel safe and valued, an approach deeply rooted in the empathetic and compassionate manner Jesus demonstrated throughout His ministry. For example, the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37) teaches the value of mercy and active assistance, principles that can be directly applied in counseling to encourage individuals to support one another in healing and recovery.

Additionally, counselors can draw on the biblical principle of rest as exemplified by Jesus’ own practices. Mark 6:31 emphasizes the necessity of withdrawing from the busyness of life to restore one’s spirit, a practice that can be crucial for both counselors and clients. By advocating for balanced work-rest cycles, as prescribed in the Mosaic Law and exemplified by Jesus, counselors can help clients achieve better mental health and avoid burnout.

Incorporating these teachings requires a counselor to not only share knowledge but also actively listen, empathize, and respond with grace. This mirrors Jesus’ interaction with individuals such as the Samaritan woman at the well, where He provided insights into her life in a gentle yet transformative manner, highlighting the deep connection between spiritual well-being and emotional health.

By applying these biblical principles, counselors can more effectively guide their clients towards healing, demonstrating that the teachings of Jesus are not only spiritually enriching but also fundamentally supportive of mental and emotional health.

Conclusion

Throughout this exploration of Isaiah 9:6-7 and the multifaceted identity of Jesus as the Wonderful Counselor, we have uncovered the profound impacts His teachings hold for both personal growth and the practice of Christian counseling. By examining His life and ministry, we recognize the unmatched depth of wisdom, empathy, and guidance He offers to all seeking solace and direction. These insights not only fulfill ancient prophecies but also serve as the bedrock for integrating faith and counseling, emphasizing the transformative power of applying Jesus’ teachings in our lives and in the support of others.

Jesus Christ is the Most Wonderful Counselor. Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Program

The journey through scripture and the application of Jesus’ roles in counseling showcases the enduring relevance of His counsel in today’s world. It prompts a deeper engagement with the divine wisdom available to us, encouraging both individuals and counselors to lean into the biblical principles that guide and enrich the human experience. As we continue to navigate life’s complexities, let us draw upon the legacy of Jesus as our Wonderful Counselor, ever-anchored in the hope and healing that His eternal guidance provides, steering us toward a future marked by spiritual growth and emotional well-being.

Jesus is the ultimate Counselor and all Christian Counselors should strive to emulate His approach.  Christ is always empathetic but always true and honest.  He looks to cause no harm but heal.  Likewise, Christian Counselors need to also push forward with the same spirit.  AIHCP offers a Christian Counseling Certification for both licensed and pastoral counselors who wish to introduce Christian principles and values into counseling and psychological treatments.  The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification as a Christian Counselor.

      FAQs

  1. What is the significance of Jesus being called “Wonderful Counselor” in Isaiah 9? Jesus is referred to as the “Wonderful Counselor” in Isaiah 9, signifying that He is a knowledgeable leader for His people. This title emphasizes that Christ embodies the perfect counsel, guiding Christians in their faith and life.
  2. How does the Holy Spirit serve as our counselor? The Holy Spirit plays a crucial role in guiding believers into all truth, revealing and applying the teachings of Jesus Christ to their lives. This divine guidance ensures that believers can fully embrace and live out the teachings of their Wonderful Counselor, Jesus.
  3. What does Isaiah 9:7 describe? Isaiah 9:7 highlights the eternal nature of Christ’s kingdom. It states that His governance and peace will never end, He will rule on David’s throne with justice and righteousness forever. This prophecy is fulfilled through the zeal of the LORD Almighty.
  4. What does the Bible convey about God’s role as a counselor? The Bible offers multiple verses that illustrate God as a counselor. For instance, Psalm 16:7 and Psalm 119:24 depict how God provides counsel and wisdom through His words and testimonies, guiding believers towards righteousness and understanding.
Additional Resources
Barrier, R. “Why Does the Bible Call Jesus a Wonderful Counselor?”. CrossWalk. Access here
Compelling Truth. “How is Jesus Wonderful Counselor (Isaiah 9:6)?”. Compelling Truth.  Access here
Gaius, G. “Christ Our Model: The Model Counselor”. Truth and Tidings.  Access here
Barrier. R. (2019). “Why Was Jesus the “Wonderful Counselor?” Preach it, Teach it.  Access here
Gaultiere, B. “Jesus’ Ministry As the Wonderful Counselor”. Soul Shepherding. Access here

Rogerian Approach in Counseling with Depression

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

Carl Rogers, the famous psychologist and counselor, in the 1950s presented a far different approach than past Freudian psychological views that emphasized psycho-analysis and subconscious treatments.  Like others, he wanted to approach counseling and the patient differently.   He emphasized a more Humanistic approach that involved patient or client-centered therapies that addressed the feelings that existed now within the client.   In an earlier blog, AIHCP discusses in a broader stroke the Humanistic approach to grief and counseling, but in this short blog, we will instead focus more solely on Rogerian concepts in helping individuals express feelings, in particular feelings associated with depression.  Please also review AIHCP’s numerous counseling certifications for Human Service professionals.

Rogerian Theory

While Cognitive Behavioral Therapy looks to restructure and reframe illogical and negative emotional schemas with healthy and positive thoughts to alter behavior, Rogerian approaches look to address the the feelings of the client him/herself with unconditional love, genuineness, empathy and support.  It looks to transform and strengthen the person.  The term “client” is utilized instead of “patient” to remove stigmas that the person is sick or ill but merely needs love and guidance for life altering change.   The counselor guides the client but the client ultimately has more control in the sessions and is able to express and discuss his/her feelings within a far less structured environment.  Narrative is key.  The counselor does not look to confront, but to listen.

Rogerian approaches in counseling are client centered and focuses in an empathetic and non-judgmental way the feelings of the client. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

Roger’s goal was to help the client reach self-actualization of what the person can become through a process of helping the client see him/herself as he/she is, wishes to be and how to become.  Within this, a client learns to discover one’s self worth.  The counselor also helps the client distinguish between self image and real image and how to reach the ideal image.  When dealing with many individuals suffering with depression, self worth is something that is greatly damaged.  Many depressed individuals feel they have very little worth or value.  Whether this is due to something that occurred or merely depression without correlation to direct loss, the person feels a blanket of darkness over him/herself.  Allowing the client to express these emotions, both positive and negative are key in Rogerian approaches.  The counselor listens to these concerns with congruence and empathy, allowing the client to express and discuss the sadness and low self worth.  The counselor helps the client direct the session into accurately describing how he/she feels  and also views oneself.   Many who are depressed also possess a very low self image. In many cases, this self image is not properly balanced with reality.  Various distortions will emerge that are tied to the person’s feelings. It is not necessarily the role of the Rogerian approach to reframe these immediate concerns as in CBT, but to help the client understand the feelings and empathetically listen and restate these feelings to help the client re-discover where this false self image and true image lie.   The counselor’s ultimate goal is help the client find a genuine understanding of his/her real self despite feelings.  The counselor then looks to help the client find the ideal self.  In this way, one’s self image and ideal self can become congruent and tied together.

 

Once congruence is established where the depressed individual is able to find self image and ideal image as a true reality, Rogers speaks of the possibility of self actualization where the person is able to thrive and exist again in an emotionally healthy way.    Rogers listed five particular qualities of a fully functioning person who has tied self image and ideal together via self actualization.  First, he pointed out that the person is open again to new experiences.  Many depressed individuals are afraid to move on or seek out new things.  A healthy functioning individual is able to seek out and find new meanings through new experiences.  Second, Rogers spoke of existential living, where the person lives in the present and is able to experience the present in new fresh ways without prejudice or fear of the past.  Many times, depressed individuals cannot untie themselves from the past and are unable to experience the present.  Third, Rogers remarked that those who are functioning at a healthy level trust their feelings.  Individuals are able to make decisions with certitude without doubt and not second guess oneself.  Depressed individuals usually labor with decisions and fear what others may think or if they may fail.  Fourth, Rogers pointed out that individuals should be creative without fear and able to move forward and share thoughts and ideas without fear of fallout from others.  Depressed individuals lack the confidence to create or stand out.  Finally, Rogers illustrated the idea of a fulfilled life where an individual is able to live life to its fullest. The person is able to find satisfaction in decisions, goals and challenges.  Depressed individuals are unable to find joy in little things, much less have the energy for goals or the ability to face challenges.

These five qualities of a fully functional person are critical to overcoming the depressed state.  When individuals are able to express these points within life, then they are again functional and free of the dark grip of depression.  We will now in the next half of the blog look at how to implement Rogerian concepts and put them into practice.  This will involve reviewing and understanding the basics of client-centered attending and responding skills.

Rogerian Practice

It is once congruence occurs and emotions are faced that the client is able to reach this type of fulfillment.  The long process of helping the client discover this congruence and self-actualization is the key .  While those who study the Rogerian approach understand the theory, it is the practical approach from person to person that is key.

Attending and Responding Skills are imperative in Rogerian Counseling. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

The counselor within the Rogerian approach utilizes a variety of micro counseling skills discussed in previous AIHCP blogs.  Within Rogerian practice, basic attending skills are critical in helping the client discuss emotions and properly relate those emotions back.  The counselor attends the client with empathetic listening.  Rogers believed that genuine and empathetic listening was the first key in learning the story of the client.  This involved active and intense focus on the client.  The counselor should not only listen but show intense interest via eye contact, gestures, and physical positioning.  In regards to response, the counselor looks not to judge the feelings of the client, but instead to restate or paraphrase them to the client.  This helps the client not only understand that the counselor is listening but also to hear these feelings out loud. Sometimes, speaking about negative feelings also needs hearing them back to begin to decipher the false reality of those negative feelings.  In essence, the empathetic approach of active listening and responding creates not only trust between client and counselor but also creates a safe zone where the client is able to fully express inner feelings.  The counselor helps create this environment through multiple sessions and active and empathetic support for the client.  The client feels he/she exists in a safe zone where no judgement or confrontation exists.  It allows the client to take center stage and control and with the help of the counselor, unravel the negative emotions and find the real and possible ideal self that depression has hidden from the client.  Rogers refers to this type of empathetic environment as one of unconditional love.  It is place where feelings are not questioned or given positive or negative value, but only spoken about and understood within the context of the session.  The counselor helps foster this environment because the counselor is not judging or giving qualitive value to the feelings.  Instead the counselor is allowing the client to direct and discover value to the feelings.

Hence, how the counselor presents him/herself, listens, responds and creates a safe environment is critical to the success of Rogerian approaches.  While the practice itself takes more time, seems unstructured, and is more about the now of emotion, it does have success with many patients facing depression and negative emotions.  Obviously, sometimes supplemental approaches may be need introduced, as well as pharmaceutical remedies when issues beyond behavior  exist such as neurological or hormonal, but overall, Rogerian approaches are very common place in counseling.  The humanistic approach is very classical and non evasive for many individuals with already low self esteem issues that feel an abundance of negative emotions.

Those facing loss and depression need an empathetic ear and voice to help them heal.  The emotional release and discussion of issues is a key part of grief healing.  Through these discussions and release of emotions, the client can begin much of the grief work required that goes through the various emotional stages of denial, emotion, anger, and bargaining.  The grief counselor utilizing Rogerian approaches will be able to listen as the person works through his/her grief and also notate any maladaptive emotions such as guilt that may appear.  Through a non judgement zone, the counselor will be able to help the person come to grips with these emotions and help the person self-actualize beyond the loss or depression and find new hope.

Conclusion

Rogers client-centered care in the 1950s revolutionized counseling and forever changed how counselors approached clients. Humanistic approaches are in many ways the classical counseling sessions that individuals imagine where one speaks of feelings and the counselor paraphrases and asks how this makes one feel? It directly and openly deals with emotion without judgement and with complete empathy.  This is a very important aspect to consider when dealing with depressed populations who may not be ready to deal with confrontations in counseling or face fast changes.  Instead, the Rogerian approach gives the client control to discuss feelings and work them out. It slowly helps the client sort out negative feelings and replace them with positive vibes. The key is to help the client move forward in a productive and healthy life style that is congruent and true to self.

The counselor utilizes different micro counseling skills.  The counselor refrains from direct reframing, or empathetic confrontations that may upset the client. Instead the counselor becomes more passive in direction and gently moves the client through good attending and responding skills that create a safe and no judgement zone.  Depressed individuals, especially, need this type of environment to regain their voice and ability to move forward.

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous Human Service related certifications in counseling ranging from just not grief but also from stress to anger and crisis to spiritual counseling

Ultimately, as counseling continues, different techniques may need added to fit particular clients, or maybe even the necessity of medication, but overall, the initial Rogerian approaches will help the client feel safe and help form a strong bond between counselor and client.

If you would like to learn more about grief counseling, then please review the American Academy of Grief Counseling’s certification program in Grief Counseling.  The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification as a grief counselor.  AIHCP certified both pastoral counselors as well as clinical counselors.  Bear in mind, certified grief counselors who are not licensed or clinical do face restrictions in what therapies they may utilize as well as treating complicated versions of grief that lead down trajectories that include depression.

AIHCP also offers a broad range of other Human Service counseling certifications that revolve around Anger Management, Crisis Intervention, Stress Management and both Spiritual Counseling and Christian Counseling.

 

 

 

References and Additional Resources

Mcleod, S. (2024). “Carl Rogers Humanistic Theory And Contribution To Psychology”. Simple Psychology.  Access here

Bottaro, A. (2024). “Everything to Know About Person-Centered Therapy”. Very Well Health.  Access here

Joseph, S. (2015). “Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Approach”.  Psychology Today.  Access here

Hopper, E.  (2018). “An Introduction to Rogerian Therapy”.  Thoughtco.  Access here

Miller, K.  (2019). “Carl Rogers’s Actualizing Tendency: Your Ultimate Guide”. Positive Psychology.  Access here

 

 

Finding the Real and Right Story in Counseling

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

Counseling is about the person and the person’s story.   Like so many things in life, everything is not usually black and white.  There are a variety of shades of color from multiple perspectives in life that can make the story of the client incomplete.  For starters, the client has  his/her own subjective experience with the events within the story.  The unique experience of the client may very well be true from the client’s point of view due to the subjective factors and information available.  In addition, the client may possess a variety of blinders to certain truths that may be painful to accept or realize.  In other cases, the client may have various personality disorders that completely distort the reality of the events.  Whether purposeful or not, these distortions can cause larger issues in the healing, changing and transformational process.

Counselor help clients tell their story but also help them see the real story and how to find the right story

Throughout the blogs on counseling techniques, we have discussed numerous skills a counselor must utilize to help a client find change.  This blog will bring many of these skills together in helping forge the client’s initial story into the real and right story (Egan, 2019, p. 270).  Egan guides the counselor in addressing the story told, but also how to help push the client forward into telling the real and right story.  This helps the client enter into a state of self discovery so that as the story progresses, the client not only heals but also changes and transforms with the reality of the story.

Of course, as a counselor, one cannot make a client change, nor can a counselor sometimes ruthlessly correct or tell a client he/she is wrong.  The skills of counseling help the counselor with empathy and patience, gently nudge and guide the client to truth and help the client choose to pursue that truth.  This stems first by forming a strong relationship of trust with the client. It involves basic attending skills of empathetic listening, observing and responding to help understand the client and better address the issues.  Through empathetic listening and excellent observations, one can begin to see if any discrepancies exist within the story and how to better empathetically confront the client to recognizing the real story and then challenging the client to the right story and course of action, all the while, supplying the client with resources and encouragement to move forward.

 

The Story

Egan emphasizes that when helping the client tell the story that the counselor needs to make the client feel safe in the encounter.  Egan also encourages counselors to understand the styles between different cultures and how different cultures may express stories.  Some clients divulge and talk, others are more quiet, while others supply numerous details and others are vague.  Some clients may tell the core of the story and leave out secondary issues, while others may approach the story the opposite direction.  Some clients may go off topic, while others may stay on topic (Egan, 2019, p. 274-275). This is why it is important to identify what is going on or what the client is feeling at the moment, identify what the client wants and how to get what the client needs.  In this regard, counselors can help clients identify key issues and help them discuss the past but in a productive way that helps the past not define them but help them learn (Egan, 2019, p. 181).  Egan also points out it is imperative to identify the severity of the initial story.  Will this client need basic counseling or require crisis counseling?  Clinical counselors may be able to better handle the issue presented or see the need for a specialist.  Pastoral counselors dealing with issues beyond basic loss and grief, may identify something more severe and need to refer the client to a clinical counselor.

Sometimes when helping a client tell their story, it can also be useful to utilize Narrative Therapy which helps differentiate the person from the issues.  At the end of the blog, there are links to better understand Narrative Therapy and its role in telling the story.

The Real Story

After identifying the key elements of the story, counselors can help clients start to see the real story by exposing with empathy any discrepancies or any blinders a client may possess.  Through empathetic confrontation, a counselor can help a client see both sides or different angles to the story that the client may not had seen initially.  In this way, the counselor challenges the client in the quality of their perception and participation in the story (Egan, 2019, p. 289).  In dealing with the real story, Egan also points out that counselors can help clients understand their own problems and be better equipped to own their own problems and unused opportunities.  When a client is gently nudged to the realities of the real story, a counselor can help the client see that the real issue is not impossible to rectify and begin to present problem maintenance structures which help clients identify, explore and act properly with their real issues (Egan, 2019,p. 292).  Challenging and encouraging like a coach, can help clients move forward to begin to make the right story in their life.

The Right Story

In telling the right story, the client is pushed to new directions.  The client no longer denies the need to change, but has to some extent acknowledged it.  In previous blogs, we discuss issues that correlate with change in a client.  When the client is ready to change, the client still requires guidance and help.  The counselor helps the client choose various issues that will make a true difference in his/her life.   When looking at these issues, the counselor helps the client set goals.  The goals should be manageable at first and lead to bigger things but only after smaller steps to avoid let down.  The counselor can help the client choose from various options and cost benefits, as well as helping the client make proper choices (Egan, 2019, p. 299-301).   The counselor, like a coach, helps the client push forward and improve in life.  Within the phase of telling the right story, the counselor helps the client with goals but also helps the client see the impact new goals can give to life as well as the needed commitment to those goals to ensure a continued transformation.  In previous blogs, we discuss the importance of helping clients face change and develop goals. In essence, goals are developed and strategies are conceived to meet those goals

Stages of Change 

Throughout the process, Egan points out that the process involves three stages.  First, telling the story so that it transforms into the real and right one.  Second, helping the client design and set forth problem managing goals and third and finally, setting into motion those plans with strategies (Egan, 2019).  These phases involve various skillsets that the counselor must employ at different phases and stages. It involves the counselor being a listener, advisor, encourager and coach.  The counselor applies basic attending skills, in previous blogs, and utilize those attending skills in productive responses and when necessary confrontations.  Everything is accomplished with empathy and patience but the skills, built upon trust, allow the counselor to awaken the client to new realities.  Following these earlier discussions, the counselor becomes and advisor and coach in helping the client find ways to change and implement new goals and strategies.  The counselor uses encouragement skills, coaching skills, and directive skills to help the client discover the power to choose wisely and act in a more healthy fashion.  Ultimately it is about the client discovering his/her own inner abilities to not only change but to sustain change.

Conclusion

No client is the same and many will have different innate virtues or vices, talents or deficiencies, strengths or weaknesses.  It is up to the counselor to help cultivate what is best in the client and help the client become his/her very best.  Through individual skills, the counselor can help within each session, but the counselor must try and fail with multiple different theories and therapies that work best for his/her client.  This involves realizing that each case is unique and different people will respond differently to different practices or approaches.  A counselor must forever remain creative and flexible in approaches and adhere to the standards of empathy which helps establish trust with clients.

Counselors play the role of listener, advisor and coach. Please also review AIHCP’s numerous mental healthcare certifications for Human Service and Healthcare professionals

A counselor can utilize a basic structure of identifying the problem, helping the client see where he/she wishes to be and help the client find ways to do it.  This involves working the client through the story and helping them see the real and right story moving forward.  It involves then goal setting and moving forward with action.  It makes the counselor more than a listener and advisor but also a coach.

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous counseling programs for those in the Human Service and Healthcare fields.  While clinical counselors have more ability to help clients deeper with issues, pastoral counselors in Human Service can also help.  This is why AIHCP offers these certifications to both clinical and non clinical Human Service professionals.  The programs in mental health include a Grief Counseling Certification, as well as a Christian Counseling Certification, Crisis Counseling Certification, Stress Management Consulting Certification and Anger Management Specialist Certification. The programs themselves are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.  Please review AIHCP’s numerous certification programs.

 

 

Reference

Egan, G. and Reese, R. (2019). “The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed.) Cengage.

Additional Resources

Ackerman, C. (2017). “19 Best Narrative Therapy Techniques & Worksheets”. Positive Psychology. Access here

Bates, D. (2022). “Storytelling in Counseling Is Often the Key to Successful Outcomes”. Psychotherapy.net.  Access here

Guy Evans, O. (2023). “Narrative Therapy: Definition, Techniques & Interventions”. Simply Psychology.  Access here

“Narrative Therapy”. Psychology Today.  Access here

 

Christian Counseling and Use of Time Video Blog

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

God expects us to be good stewards of all gifts and time is one of them.  In the Parable of the Talents, Jesus speaks of the anger of the master over the servant who did little with the talents and buried them.  Hence as Christians, we are called to share our gifts and cultivate them.  When sloth enters into the equation, one wastes time and squanders chances to better oneself on multiple levels.  We have many different responsibilities in life and a true vocation.  We need to live each day and fulfill daily duties.  By giving God each day, we are better able to fulfill our many duties.

Time management is a key that can also help individuals better balance work, school, family, responsibilities and leisure.  At the center must be time for prayer and God to properly direct our energies to where they need to go.  Morning Offerings to God help dedicate each day to God and help us focus our energy to Him.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification.  The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification as a Christian Counselor.

 

Signs of Mental Illness Video

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

Mental health is health.  Too many stigmas exist that prevent individuals from seeking help when signs of mental illness occur. Unlike physical symptoms of sickness that are addressed immediately, mental illness falls to the side due to stigmas and embarrassment.  It is important to notice changes in emotional and mental health that persists longer than 2 weeks.  Many minor things as OCD, ADHD, or minor stress and depression issues can be resolved through professional care.

Please also review AIHCP’s numerous mental health certifications within Grief Counseling, Crisis Counseling Spiritual/Christian Counseling, Anger Management and Stress Management Programs.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals.  Remember only those within the clinical side of Human Services can treat mental illness.  Pastoral counselors can refer or help others in non pathological issues.

Counseling Techniques in Understanding Meaning and Cultivating Change

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

When clients experience stress, grief or loss, sometimes meaning is critical to understand.  The emotions and feelings need to find meaning in relation to the issue.  Counselors need to have the helping skills to aid the client in finding meaning again.  This is essential especially in Grief Counseling.  In grief and loss, the individual needs to find meaning in the loss and be able to connect the past with the present to move forward to the future.  New meanings in relationship to the loss help the person connect the dots and knit together the chapters of life into a logical story.  When meaning is not found and emotions rage without direction, then the stressor or loss can lead to grief pathologies of depression or prolonged grief.  Hence it is important for the counselor to be able to navigate the person through the emotion and find meaning.  This is more than understanding the process of grief and loss, or dealing with stress, but also being able to help the client find meaning through good counseling techniques that help the client find meaning.

In previous blogs, we discussed the importance of meaning re-construction, as well as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or CBT, as key ways to help clients tie together pass loss or trauma to the present to move forward.  In this blog we will focus more on the micro skills and probing that is necessary to help clients find meaning via interaction, reframing and interpretation skills, and how to relate to the client.  Obviously, many of the other micro skills of attending the client, observation, focusing, responding, challenging and confronting are all implied within this blog and found in other previous blogs.

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple counseling blogs as well as certification programs in Grief Counseling, Stress Management, Crisis Intervention or Christian and Spiritual Counseling.

The Importance of Meaning

Finding meaning is critical to life. When bad things happen, counselors can help clients discover meaning

Meaning is essential to human existence.  This is why it is so important for individuals suffering from trauma, or abuse, or loss, or any situation to find meaning in their situation.  Sometimes it involves regaining it because it has been taken away, other times, it is discovering it for the first time.

Logotherapy is a type psychotherapy that helps individuals find meaning. It is based off Victor Frankl, the famous Holocaust survivor, who utilized meaning in life, even in its darkest hours, as a prisoner in a Nazi camp, to find hope.  Frankly administered to many of his fellow prisoners and helped them find also meaning despite the evil and trauma and abuse that surrounded them under Nazi rule.

Frankly believed everyone had a will to meaning.  This meaning is what pushes all in will and action and even helps one endure suffering and pain. These beliefs persist in the value and uniqueness of each human person.  It also is a platform for a person to move forward in life.  This has numerous applications in counseling and helping others. It involves understanding purpose in life despite pain, but the importance to define and push forward.  It involves understanding that life is far from fair but one can still find meaning through it.  Purpose is beyond bad things (Waters, E., 2019).

Frankly summarized his philosophy in six basic tenets.  Humanity is comprised of mind, body and soul but it is through the soul that we experience and find meaning.   He continued that life has meaning in all circumstances, good or bad.  He stated as well that humans have a will to meaning that pushes them.  He also listed humans also have freedom to access this meaning no matter the situation.  He stated in addition that true meaning is not merely an statement but something concrete that correlates with life and one’s values and beliefs.  Finally, he emphasized that all human beings are unique (Waters, E., 2019).

From Frankl and his classic work, “Man’s Search for Meaning”, counselors, but especially grief counselors have an excellent way to help reconstruct meaning to clients and cultivate true change in a client’s life.

Obviously, much of the work associated with David Neimeyer and meaning reconstruction are found from the ideas of Frankl.. Meaning helps tie together past, present and future into something that matters to the individual.  It helps make sense of the loss and allows the chapters of one’s life, even the bad ones, to have meaning to the overall story and book.  Obviously, counselors play a key role in helping clients evolve the story told initially into telling the right story that correlates with reality.  This involves intense counseling and sorting out feelings, but eventually these feelings can lead to a true meaning.  Reflecting and reframing are keys in achieving this for a client.

Reflection 

When individuals are discussing feelings and emotions, it is essential eventually, not initially, to guide them to meaning.  In the very beginning, it is important to allow raw emotion to be expressed, felt and processed, but it needs to eventually find meaning within the grieving process.  Counselors can help clients reflect on the emotion.  Ivey refers to the term “reflection on meaning” as a way to help clients find deeper understanding regarding issues, purpose, feelings and behaviors (2018, p. 258).  Ivey also points to the importance of interpreting and reframing these feelings.  Interpretation helps the clients understand their feelings and add meaning to them through a variety of perspectives or multicultural or psychodynamic ways.  The client is able to find new meaning, while the counselor provides the necessary reframing to explore new interpretations (2018, p. 258).

The counselor through reframing, can with empathy begin to offer different interpretations of the event itself,  One skill a counselor can utilize is linking.  Linking helps the client tie together two or more things that enables them to find new insight (Ivey, 2018, P. 265).  A counselor can tie family history, values and talents to the client in relationship to the issue, or tie the event to psychodynamic issues that exist within the client.  The linking helps the client find new perspectives on the issue at hand.

Counselors can help clients link and find self discovery through a variety of approaches.  Some counselors may utilize decisional theory that presents outcomes and alternatives for action.  Decisions need to be understood and made with the client understanding outcomes (Ivey, 2018, p. 268).  Another approach is person centered.  Linking is utilized to tie the problem together with the person’s strengths.  CBT is another way to help individuals review old ways of thinking, acting and behaviors and re-interpret them.   Reframing and linking can also be utilized with psycho-dynamic theories that help the person understand the person’s deeper subconscious past.  Finally, multicultural therapy can help a person link to and also reframe an issue with ones’ own ethnic and cultural backgrounds

 

 Reframing

A counselor’s response is key in helping one reframe and interpret meaning. In previous blogs, we discussed first attending the client, with basic responses, such as paraphrasing or summaries.  How one reflects how one feels helps open new dialogue and understanding.  Other ways to help discuss emotions and help build meaning and cultivation to change involves disclosures, feedback and consequences.

Counselors can help clients reframe and reinterpret events and emotions and help them find new meanings moving forward

Disclosures are excellent ways to involve oneself by sharing an appropriate story of one’s own life, but usually it involves oneself utilizing the phrase ” I think or I feel” in relationship to one’s issue or feeling or intended action.  Feedback is also critical in cultivating change.  It can be confirmatory or corrective. When corrective, it looks to help align a person back on track.  It involves empathy and nonjudgment when being applied but helps the client again find the proper perspective and route.  Remember, the client remains in charge and review how the client responds.  Empathetic confrontational approaches should be utilized.  Finally, logical consequences can be employed to help a client.  It summarizes the possible positive and negative consequences of a particular action.  The common phase includes “If you do…then…will possible result” (Ivey, 2018. p. 302).

Employing psychoeducation and instruction is also a key way to help push individuals to change and reframing.  By making the client understand the science and philosophy of their feelings, one can better take ownership to change.

Whatever link the counselor can utilize through whichever therapy, or phrasing is good.  Each individual is different.  The key is to help the person find a new perspective on the emotion, situation, stressor or loss.  This enables the person to form a new meaning which can help them tie the past with the present and into the future.

Fostering Resiliency

Through any change and new discovery,  counselors need to foster resiliency.  This helps the person emotionally and physically push forward into the new change and maintain the new meaning he/she has found.  This can be accomplished through a multitude of stress management techniques that involves multicultural approaches, psychoeducation, social skill training, assertiveness training, conflict resolution, bio or neurofeedback, positive reframing, CBT, time management, relaxation management and active planning techniques (Ivey, 2018, p. 288).  Ivey also lists the importance of Seven Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes.  He includes exercise, nutrition, sleep, social relations, cognitive challenges, meditation and cultural health.  Within these, he also lists the importance of prayer, hobbies, positive thinking, social outreach and avoidance of negative substances (2019, p. 288).

Egan, emphasizes that in cultivating change, counselors need to help client discover their own resilience.  Egan points out the difference between process resilience and outcome resilience.  In counseling, the counselor should be able to encourage clients to change in face of challenges, but also note outcomes.  With outcome resilience, the counselor comments on the change and how one has returned to one’s own self (Egan, 2019, p. 263).  Like a coach, the counselor hence cheers the person’s progress and ability to overcome.  Counselors need to also help clients identify resources for resiliency, within family, friends or other social support systems.  A counselor should help a client find ways to make better connections with families and friends as well.  In pushing forward, a counselor can help a person reframe issues, such as challenges or crisis as ways to grow and to understand that change is part of life (Egan, 2019, p. 265).  A client must continue, especially after loss, or trauma, to continue to keep things in perspective, maintain a healthy outlook,  find new ways for self discovery and maintain care of oneself (Egan, 2019, p.265).  A counselor can help a person maintain this progress.

Recall also, the previous blog which discusses the change scale in clients and how it is essential that the counselor discovers the level of acknowledgement and commitment to change a client may possess, as well as helping the client implement first order or second order changes depending on their situation.  The counselor can help the client with goals to implement the change and also be aware of possible setbacks and pitfalls.

Conclusion

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple mental health certifications, including AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

In helping clients change, reflection and reframing are key in helping the client link and find meaning in the trauma or loss.  As time progresses, the client will be able to find meaning and connect the incident into one’s life narrative.  Counselors can help this transition through a variety of skills mentioned in this blog and throughout other blogs written for AIHCP.  These skills help the client understand the emotion and find linking to it.  This helps them discover new meaning and ways to reinterpret the event.  Furthermore the counselor helps the client move forward by fostering resiliency and helping the client continue to move forward.

Please also review AIHCP’s various mental health certifications.  These certifications are granted to professionals in the health care field and human service field.  Some may be licensed professionals while others may be pastoral in nature.  Obviously such licensures or lack of, grant or prohibit the extent of certain counseling therapies and techniques.

AIHCP’s programs include Grief Counseling, Crisis Counseling, Stress Management Consulting, Anger Management Consulting and also Christian Counseling and Spiritual Counseling.  The programs are online and independent study.

References

Egan, G. & Reese. R. (2019).”The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed). Cengage

Ivey, A. et, al. “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed( (2018). Cengage.

Additional Resources

Morin, A. (2023). “How Cognitive Reframing Works”. Very Well Mind. Access here

Caraballo, J. (2018). “Reframing is Therapy’s Most Effective Tool, Here’s Why”. TalkSpace.  Access here

Ackerman, C. (2018). “Cognitive Restructuring Techniques for Reframing Thoughts”. Positive Psychology.  Access here

Waters, E. (2019). “Logotherapy: How to Find More Meaning in Your Life”. PsychCentral.  Access here

Religious Decline Video

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

Religious decline is tied to its own internal struggles of organized religion as well as external sources.

Within religious institutions, a lack of trust exists.  Abuse and scandals, as well as financial manipulation have pushed many away from organized religion.  In addition, many individuals see more spiritual connections and dislike the dogmatic codes of a more social religion.

Externally, religion has been at odds with secularism and atheism for over 3 centuries since the modern era. Humanistic, evolutionary, and secular morals have become stronger and stronger.  The appeal of moral freedom from a dogmatic code, coupled with internal strife of institutions has created a spiritual decline at the start of the 21st Century.  No doubt, the faith has always risen and fallen over periods, with ages of corruption and reform, but religion itself finds itself in decline, especially in the Western world.

Will a pride in religious culture, help awaken the faith? Will reforms against abuses and extremism help attract people back to the faith?  Time will tell but as we exist today in the first part of the 21st Century, we are definitely experiencing a time of decline awaiting a reform and spiritual awakening in Christ.

Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Training Program.  Christian Counselors can play a role in re-lighting the flame for Christ in the world with one person at a time.

Focusing and Empathetic Confrontation in Counseling

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

Like in previous blogs, attending to the client, empathetically listening and observing, properly responding and encouraging are key elements in basic counseling.  Like a coach training a player or athlete, challenging and encouraging a client to change is like coaching.  It involves the counselor helping the client push forward, and like in coaching, this sometimes involves more than just challenging, but to also focus on the issue that needs addressed and then properly fix it.  A good coach will focus and see a flaw in the mechanics of a player and then challenge and confront the player and help guide the player to fixing it.  Counselors focus on the client’s story and then discover the core issues.  After finding the core issues, they offer empathetic confrontations to help push forward.   These skills represent later measures after basic attending, listening, observing and responding and look in later sessions to help the client find real and true change.  In this blog, we will first look at focusing and then conclude with empathetic confrontation.

Focusing in Counseling

According to Ivey, the skill of focusing is a form of attending of the client that enables a counselor to discover multiple views of the client’s story (2018, p. 221).   It helps the client think of new possibilities during the restory and call to action (Ivey, 2019, p. 221).  A counselor goes well beyond merely the “I” in the story but looks to broaden the story beyond merely the client but into other aspects of the client’s life.  How the counselor responds to the client hence can play a key role in where the story proceeds in the counseling sessions.  Counselors who direct the conversation through selective attention skills can take the “I” conversation into other social and cultural spheres of the client.  These other spheres of influence can be key clues into the client’s mindset. Ultimately, focusing is about helping the client address emotional issues.  It is client based and humanistic in approach.

How a counselor focuses on the multiple aspects of a client’s story is key to understanding the whole story. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification

Ivey lists seven focus dimensions that counselors can utilize in responding and discussing issues.  The first is to focus on the client him/herself.  This involves direct questions regarding the client’s feelings.  The second involves focusing on the theme .  It involves asking the client about the issue itself and discovering details regarding the theme of the issue and how the client feels in the immediate moment.   The third dimension shifts focus to others within the client’s life.  It delves into questions about significant others, family members, friends or others involved in the issue.  The fourth dimension of focusing looks at mutual aspects of how the client and counselor can work together. It emphasizes “we” and how the counselor and client can find ways to deal with the issue.  The fifth dimension focuses on the counselor.  It involves how the counselor can paraphrase and share appropriate and similar experiences with solutions.  The sixth focus puts into perspective the issue in regards to the client’s cultural or environmental background and how they may play into the current issue.  Finally, focusing on the here and now delves into identifying how the client feels at the moment itself (Ivey, 2018, p. 221).

Focusing on a client’s cultural/religious/ethnic background can play a key in discovering issues that exist in the person.  It can help explain why a particular client responds and reacts a certain way.  It can also be used to find strengths for the person.  Ivey illustrates the importance of Community and Family Genograms that help map out the client’s background (2018, p.212).   A good family genogram will help clients identify issues from a cultural standpoint and understand better their relationship to their surrounding environment and its stressors.  In addition, it can also help clients discover new hidden strengths that exist within their family and culture.   Helping the diverse client take pride in their past and heritage can help build resiliency.  When stressors or issues occur, a client can utilize a term referred to as “body anchoring” where the client reflects upon a voice of a relative, famous individual, or cultural icon to help him/herself find confidence and strength to face the issue (Ivey, 2018, p. 220).  This also helps multicultural clients have the power to name issues that are effecting them.  Using focus on culture can be a very helpful tool when utilized correctly during a counsel session.  This type of focusing helps many diverse populations deal more effectively against microaggressions (Ivey, 2018, p. 248).

Ways to help find a client’s particular cultural awareness during focusing is through the Cross five stage model, named after William Cross (Ivey, 2018, p. 244).  Also referred to as the five stages of cultural identity, Cross identified how diverse populations recognize themselves and respond to confrontation.  Focusing on the stage of a particular client hence can be very beneficial.  The first stage involves the conformity stage.  The individual may be unaware of racial identity and merely conforms to societal expectations.  The second stage involves dissonance where the individual realizes that something does not match or fit.  This can lead to self-appreciation or self doubt.  The third stage results in resistance or emersion.  An individual may become more angry at the injustice or immerse oneself more in one’s own culture.  The fourth phase involves introspection where the individual sees oneself as an individual and part of the cultural group.  The final phase of integrative awareness is the full sense of caring for oneself and one’s cultural heritage.  This leads to appreciation and action but more so due to pride and awareness (Ivey, 2018, p. 245).   Through identification of these phases or stages, counselors can help clients better utilize the client’s heritage and culture to empower the client in various interventions.

Empathetic Confrontation

Empathetic Confrontation looks to help someone understand negative behaviors in a nonjudgmental and empathetic way

A counselor, like a coach, uses a variety of encouragement and challenging strategies to help a client find change.  Within the Problem Management Model, a client is shown the present, perceived view and ways to find the new view.  This involves identifying internal as well as external conflicts.  Sometimes, clients may become stuck in a way of thinking. They lack intentionality to change or lack creativity (Ivey, 2018, p. 229).  Within this state, the client becomes immobile, experiences blocks, cannot achieve goals, lacks motivation and has reached an impasse (Ivey, 2018, p. 229).   In these, cases, like a coach, the counselor needs to help the client face these issues and move forward.   This involves a type of confrontation but this confrontation is not meant to imply aggression or hostile or argumentative behavior but is an engagement for change. According to Ivey, Carl Rogers pushed for the ideal of Empathetic Confrontation, which espouses a gentle listening to the client and then encouraging the client to examine oneself more fully (2018, p. 2029).   Summaries are an excellent way to help confront a client with empathy.  In this way, the counselor can present a two-part summary which states both positions with the connecting phrase “but on the other hand” (Ivey, 2018, p. 229-230).  This presents both views of feelings and allows the client to digest the statement and see any discrepancies or issues of conflict within his/her logic.

 

Carl Rogers points out that even when presented in these terms, sometimes, the client may feel attacked or confronted. In these cases, he suggests to also hold tight to nonjudgmental attitudes, keeping one’s own beliefs to the side.  Rogers emphasized that individuals with issues who come to counseling do not need judged or evaluated but guided (Ivey, 2018, p. 230).   Within any issue, the counselor confronts but also supports.  This involves first a relationship that must exist.  Without a relationship of trust, the client will not accept any advice from a sterile stranger who he/she may merely see as a paid listener.  When confronting, it is essential when summarizing to state the client’s point of view first, before comparing the opposing view.  In addition, the client must remain in charge of outcomes.  The counselor when confronting is not telling the client what to do but offering suggestions (Ivey, 2018, p. 232).  In conclusion, the counselor must listen and observe for mixed messages and then respond with empathy in a summary that clarifies any internal or external issues.  This should resolve with actions towards resolution of the issue (Ivey, 2018, p. 235).

Egan points out that are multiple ways to challenge and confront clients to life enhancing actions.  Egan differentiates between goals but also strong intention and commitments to a course of action.  The importance of understanding the value of action intentions is key in helping a client carry out a particular again (2019, p, 234-235).    Implementing these instructions, with strong phrases such as “I strongly intend to do x when y occurs” can help clients find tools necessary to incorporate the necessary change (Egan, 2019, p. 235).  Sometimes, a self contract to do a certain thing can be a powerful tool in helping clients galvanize towards change (Egan, 2019, p. 239).

Egan also points out that counselors need to help their clients overcome procrastination.   Egan lists numerous excuses that can include competing daily agendas or short term pains (2019, p. 236).  It is important to guide one’s client between conscious deliberation and procrastination that prevents true change.

Egan reminds counselors to also help clients identify unused resources that can help facilitate change.  Replace “I can’t” with “I can” phrases by helping the client discover unused talents and resources to help one overcome negative thoughts of failure. (Egan, 2019, p.237).

When aiding clients with life enhancing actions, it is important to provide sometimes confirmatory feedback as well as corrective feedback.  Obviously, confirmatory feedback acknowledges progress, but corrective feedback looks to help clients who wandered off from the course of action (Egan, 2019, p. 244).   The spirit of empathy and nonjudgment are again essential in how this is accomplished.  In many ways, it is confronting but in a non hostile way.  Counselors can help clients stay on track through multiple ways via checklists, identification of possible obstacles and helping them identify damaging attitudes.  Such attitudes can be due to a passivity not to take responsibility, a learned helplessness, disabling self talk, or disorganization (Egan, 2019, p. 245-248).  Egan also warns that while helping clients, be aware of entropy and how initial change can gradually break down.  Egan lists false hopes and the natural decay curve as two things that can occur in clients (2019, p.249-250).  Within each, clients may have too high of expectations, or consider mistakes to destroy the entire process.  Give clients the power to make mistakes throughout the process.

Sometimes, as noted, some clients are more resistant to confrontation and change.  Some may become visibly upset if confronted with a discrepancy in life.  Different clients respond to different challenges in different ways.  The Client Change Scale or CCS is a way to measure a client’s reaction to empathetic confrontation (Ivey, 2018, p. 237).  Level 1 involves denial of the issue. Within this level, the story is distorted and the client will look to blame others unfairly.  Level 2 consists of bargaining and partial acceptance of the story.  In this reality, the story is finally changing in a more true direction.  Level 3 involves acceptance of the reality.  The truth is recognized and the story is finally complete.  Level 4 incorporates new solutions to make the story better and finally Level 5 refers to transcendence and the incorporation of the new story into the client’s life (Ivey, 2018, p. 246).  The CCS helps the counselor track each session and see if progress or regression occurs from one session to the next in regards to change.

Egan points out that many individuals are reluctant to change due to variety of issues including fear of intensity of it, lack of trust in the process, extreme shame, loss of hope, or even the cost of the change itself (2019, p. 253-255).  In dealing with these things, counselors need to be realistic and flexible and look to push the client beyond resistance by examining incentives of change (Egan, 2019, 259).  In some cases, when change is identified and the need for it accepted, clients may need time in adjusting or implementing it.  Egan points out that change can exist on two levels.  He refers to these types of changes as first order changes and second order changes.  First order change is operational and a short term solution, while second order change is more strategic and long term.  Egan compares the two with first and second as being compared in these ways.  First order utilizes adjustments to the current situation, while second is systematic, first monitors, while second creates new, first creates temporary, while second creates to endure.  First changes look sometimes to deal with the symptoms while second attacks the causes (Egan, 2019, p. 308).

In some clients, the situation to change may not permit a new paradigm but may requires coping skills.  For instance, a stressed employee may be forced to keep a stressful job but may need to tinker with it due to the financial a loss of finding a new job would incur with a more lasting change, while a battered spouse would require a permanent change and would not be able to cope with the existing abuse.

An interesting model is the GROW model.  John Whitmore, creator of the model utilized the acronym to produce change and to assess one’s willingness to change.  G represents goal or what one wishes to accomplish. R stands for reality and where the client currently exists.  O stands for options and what one can possibly do.  Finally W stands for will, or what one is willing to do.

This model as well the Problem Management Model are ways to help move the sessions and help identify issues and assess how to empathetically confront and challenge individuals to productive change.

Conclusion

How a counselor attends to a client also involves sometimes more than listening but also focusing on particular aspects of the client’s life.  This involves the other aspects of the clients life and in many cases includes cultural and social issues that affect the client.  This can be merely family but also take upon the broader cultural aspect of a person.  Someone of European descent may react quite differently than someone of Asian descent to the same issue.  Hence focusing in on these issues is an essential attending skill.  It is also important to understand where one cultural exists within oneself.  The Cross model can help counselors better gauge one’s cultural awareness and how that plays in one’s particular situation.

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification as well its Christian Counseling Program.

In addition, this blog discussed the importance of Empathetic Confrontation.  Carl Rogers understood the importance of helping individuals identify problems that were internal or external but he also understood that is was critical to approach confrontation with nonjudgment and empathy.  Employing a two part summary with “on the other hand” can help expose issues and offer good solutions but different individuals react to confrontation to change differently.  The Client Change Scale is an excellent way to gauge and monitor a client’s willingness to change.  Through Empathetic Confrontation, the counselor looks to challenge past themes or schemas of a client’s life and help them find new ways to correct negative behaviors.

Please also review AIHCP’s many mental health certification programs.  AIHCP offers a Grief Counseling Certification, as well as a Christian Counseling Certification. In addition, AIHCP offers programs in Crisis Intervention, Healthcare Life Coaching, Stress Management and Anger Management Consulting.  The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.

 

 

Reference

Ivey, A. et, al. “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed( (2018). Cengage.

Additional Resources

Williams, M. (2018). “Ethnic and Racial Identity and the Therapeutic Alliance”.  Psychology Today.  Access here

Sutton, J. (2022). “How to Assess and Improve Readiness for Change”, PositivePsychology.com.  Access here

“Focusing” (2016). Good Therapy.  Access here

“The Technique of Confrontation in Counseling” (2022). Optimist Minds. Access here

 

 

Challenging and Encouraging Clients in Counseling

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

To help transform a person to change, attending, listening and responding are key, but the skilled counselor needs to be able to help instigate change or water the seeds of the healing process within a client.  Whether loss and grief, or merely more daily stressors or emotional issues that are holding the client back from living life productively, the counselor needs to know how to coach the client and help the client find that preferred outcome.  This involves not only identifying the goals and actively pushing towards them but also motivating and challenging them.  Like a coach who is able to abstract the best out of their players on the field, a counselor needs to be able to encourage and challenge his/her clients to produce meaningful change.  Some clients respond better, others may be still facing inner turmoil and self esteem issues.  Some clients may be more resilient naturally, while others may need more prodding and gentle and empathetic guidance.  Each client is unique and different but the general ideas within this short blog complement the previous blogs on attending the client and responding to the client.

Challenging and encouraging a client to change is much like a coach trying to get the best of a player on the field

 

Some clients may have zero motivation to be challenged.  They may possess some world view or bias that prevents this change.  Some may be forced to attend counseling and feel no need to change.  This can occur with state mandated counseling or clients forced to attend because of family or spouses.  Some clients may feel motivated simply because of guilt and look to foster a positive change.  Some may simply have an interest in the counseling process and wish to see what happens.  In the best case, one will find a client who understands the critical importance of counseling and the changes that need made.  Regardless of the clients motivation level, it is the purpose of the counselor to help bring the best out of the client. This can be easier said then done.

 

 

 

The Counselor as Coach?

Life coaching in itself is a newer field within the Human Service Field.  It is not clinical or requiring of various licensing but it does promote the idea of healthy change and life styles.  It involves a professional who is trained to motivate, direct and help clients meet end goals.  This involves both encouraging and challenging the client.  Whether it is a weight goal, training goal, dieting goal, or health and life style change, life coaches are inherently trained to help produce change through motivation, encouragement and challenging of their clients.  Counselors, whether pastoral or clinical, working in grief counseling or other mental counseling disciplines, through empathetic listening and responding, should have a vested interest in helping their clients meet change, but some may lack the skills to help motivate the client to change.  As counselors, the client is directed and given options, but is never commanded or forced to change, instead, the client is invited to change through an array of options.  Many times, clients need motivated and encouraged and even challenged to push forward through these options. Many times they may fall and need help getting up.  Again, like a coach in sports, it is the counselor’s profession to not only direct, but also to help the client emotionally and mentally push towards that direction.

Challenging for New Behaviors

According to Egan, it is important to challenge clients to change.  He states,

“Help clients, challenge themselves to change ways of thinking, expressing emotions, and acting them mired in problem situations and prevent them from identifying and developing opportunities…become partners with your clients in helping them challenge themselves to find opportunities in their problems, to discover unused strengths and resources, both internal and external, and to commit themselves to the actions needed to make opportunity development happen (2019, p. 190).

In challenging, Egan emphasizes the importance of the counselor and client relationship which is based on trust and partnership.  A counselor, in the eyes of the client, needs to earn the right to challenge.  Once this is established, the counselor needs to ensure that challenges are presented tentatively but not apologetically, with a balance between not being too harsh but not also too passive.  In addition, counselors need to ensure the challenges are clear and specific.  Challenges also should not make demands or be forceful in nature but provide a structural system of choices.  As the term challenge indicates, it is never easy, so help clients utilize unused strengths to help meet the challenges and the ability to build on successful challenges to meet new ones (2019, p. 220-225).  As Egan points out, the counselor should be a “catalyst for a better future (2019, p. 190)”.

Many times, a counselor has to identify what is preventing the person from being able to face a challenge in life

In challenging clients, many times, they have many inherent issues that are already hampering them with the problem and maybe life in general.  To help clients become more resilient and able to create new behaviors, counselors sometimes need to identify blocks and issues within the client.  Egan lists a variety of target areas that negatively affect a client’s ability to respond to challenges and delay productive and healthy change.  Through attending, listening and responding, a counselor is able to identify certain issues that may restrict the ability of a client to respond effectively to challenges.

The first issue Egan lists are what he refers to as self defeating mindsets that include “assumptions, attitudes, beliefs, values, bias, convictions, inclinations, norms, points of view, perceptions of self and the world, preconceptions and prejudices (2019, p. 190-191)”.   Albert Ellis looked at facing irrational beliefs head on with interventions that would challenge irrational mindsets.  According to Ellis, many individuals have flawed misconceptions on life.  Egan lists a few of these ideals.

  • I must only be liked and loved in life
  • I must always be in control in life
  • I must always have my things done my way or no way
  • I should never have any problems
  • I am a victim and not responsible for any of my issues
  • I will avoid things that are difficult
  • I believe my past dictates what I do in the future
  • I do not need happiness in anything or anyone else

(Egan, 2019, p.191)

Ellis considered these mindsets as impediments to change because when something did happen that was bad, the person would tend to “catastrophize” it and become unable to adjust to the problem or even be remotely open to challenges to face it.  In addition to these mindsets, Egan points out that some individuals embrace in four fallacies that hamper change, as according to Sternberg.  Among those listed by Sternberg were egocentrism and taking into account only one’s own interests, omniscience and thinking one knows everything about the issue, omnipotence and feeling one can do whatever one desires and invulnerability and one will never face true consequences (2019, p.192).  Obviously these four fallacies are undesirable characteristics and whether naive or part of a greater personality disorder, they are issues that can prevent true change in the client.

In addition to mindsets, some individuals may have self defeating emotions and feelings that prevent them from achieving goals.  They may possess low self esteem or poor self image.  They may have fears that prevent them doing greater things.  Others may possess various dysfunctional behaviors that are external in nature.  In essence, the person cannot get out of their own way in life.  Their behavior, unknown to them sometimes, continues to create the issues they are trying to escape. Others may possess discrepancies in what they feel and think in regards to what they say and do and how they view themselves versus how they are truly viewed by others. Other times, individuals can be hampered in making true change or answering challenges because of unused strengths or resources (Egan, 2019, p. 194-197).

Other “Blind Spots” within the client preventing and hampering change can include various levels of unawareness.  This can include being blind to one’s own talents and strengths seen by others but not perceived by the self.   Some individuals may be unaware due to self deception itself, or choosing ignorance.  Some individuals will avoid issues and problems because they simply would rather not know because the truth may be too terrifying.  In helping clients challenge themselves to new behaviors, counselors can open clients to new areas of awareness with simple self questions.

  • What problem am I avoiding?
  • What opportunities am I ignoring?
  • What am I overlooking?
  • What do I refuse to see?
  • How am I being dishonest with myself?

(Egan, 2019, p. 204)

As the counselor, but also a coach, it is important to help clients identify these issues and understand why they are unable to move forward.

Helping Clients Identify These Issues and Healthy Challenging

Carl Rogers promoted a empathetic approach. In helping others face hard realities, a fact based empathetic approach is key.  Showing patience and empathy and carefully presenting the issue with assertiveness but compassion is key in helping the client awaken to certain issues.  Of course, timing, tone, and words all play a key role in helping the client become acceptive.  The counselor cannot come across as afraid to address issues but not confrontational.  Sometimes, certain words, may offset a client or labels, and the counselor will need to navigate why and how to discuss the issue.  Also within this process, the counselor cannot simply give a set of directions but present options.  Finally, again, the counselor needs to present the new awareness and challenge to the client without judgment but in a way that creates self awareness and pushes forward change.

Counselors help motivate clients to change through empathy and supplying the client with appropriate level challenges and options to meet

When discovering hindering blind spots and issues, the counselor needs to become a detective in some respects before he/she can truly become a coach.  What is the client truly trying to say, or hinting at, or half saying (Egan, 2019, p.206)?  Counselors need to help clients understand their implicit thoughts and words and make them become more explicit.  In doing so, counselors can help clients understand themes in their stories, make connections with what may be missing and share educated hunches in feedback (Egan, 2019, p. 207-210).  Counselors can through their hunches, help clients see the bigger picture, dig deeper in the story, draw conclusions, open up more, see overlooked aspects, or even own their own story (Egan, 2019, p. 210-211).

 

 

Of course how these opinions and disclosures are presented to the client are critical.  They are part of the art of counseling and also the product of good coaching. A good coach is able to present a deficiency in a player’s form or approach and help turn into change and better performance.  This however involves not tearing down the player, but building the player up and giving the player the tools necessary to improve.  As an teacher and encourager, a coach is able to transform the problem and help the player have success on the field.  Likewise, an counselor needs to be able to coach his/her client through approaching a weakness and being able to challenge the person to overcome it and make it a strength in the field of life.  Strength Based Therapies as proposed by Pattoni, (2012) help clients label their strengths and identify them and utilize them in variety of goal setting environments. The process looks to expand hope but also create autonomy in facing issues.

When providing factful information and options to a client, a counselor needs to remain empathetic and tactful in delivering the news.  Some news can be shocking to a client and the client may need time or understanding in the process (Egan, 2019, p. 213).  Hence Egan recommends sometimes sharing one’s disclosures and challenges, but he recommends it to be used with caution.  He recommends being sure to use it sparingly, appropriately and culturally aware.  Timing can be key.  One does not wish to have one’s own disclosure to become a distraction (2019, p.215).

As a counselor and coach, how one gives suggestions and recommendations for better improvements are critical.  Inspired first with empathy and secondly aware of internal issues of the client, a counselor needs to approach and challenge the client without confronting but at the same time presenting clear and factual options to promote change.  These challenges are not easy, so like a good coach, a counselor needs to find ways to provide encouragement during the change process.  Counselors should invite clients to challenge themselves and help them identify specific challenges that will make the best changes.  Like a sports coach, while identifying any issue, the counselor needs to encourage and identify strengths to overcome a particular challenge.  Furthermore, the challenge needs to be evaluated as not to be too intense to be self-demeaning to the client.  Sometimes, success is built upon.  So when identifying challenges, the counselor needs to present them in a fashion that leads to success (Egan, 2019, p. 220).

As a counselor-coach, a counselor identifies changes that are essential and helps the client identify change.  Some clients are more resistant to change.  In another blog, we discuss the Client Change Scale which lists the levels of difficulty for a client to accept change or implement it based on their stage.  It is the counselor’s job to help the client see the necessity of change and help the client find it through encouragement and help.  Some changes will be first order, or deal with the current situation, or others may be second order and more long term or permanent.  This depends on the nature of the issue and the needs of the client.  The counselor like a coach, helps the client implement goals, strategies and plans to implement the change.   The counselor helps the client see his/her possible self, delve into creativity,  and think differently (Egan, 2019, p. 315-318).  In essence, the counselor helps the client see a better future, set goals to attain it and help them put it into action (Egan, 2019, p. 314).

 

Conclusion

Counselors are like coaches.  They need to challenge their clients by identifying weaknesses and help clients overcome them with appropriate challenges.  This involves active attending and responding to the client and understanding the inner challenges the client faces.  The counselor then is able to better become a catalyst of change in the clients life with setting appropriate challenges to make the client a better person in the field of life.

Please also review AIHCP’s multiple counseling certifications in Grief Counseling, Christian Counseling, Life Coaching, Anger Management, Stress Management and Crisis Intervention Counseling

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification, as well as its Christian Counseling Certification.  Other mental health certifications for both pastoral and clinical counselors, or those engaged in the Human Service Fields, include Stress Management, Life Coaching, Anger Management, and Crisis Intervention. The programs are online and self study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in any of these fields.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reference

Egan, G. & Reese. R. (2019).”The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity-Development Approach to Helping” (11th Ed). Cengage

Additional Resources

Sutton, J. (2022). “Motivation in Counseling: 9 Steps to Engage Your Clients”. Positive Psychology.  Access here

Sutton, J. (2022). “How to Perform Strengths-Based Therapy and Counseling”. Positive Psychology. Access here

“The Skill of Challenge in Counselling”(2019). Counseling Tutor. Access here

Voitilainen, L. et, al. (2018). “Empathy, Challenge, and Psychophysiological Activation in Therapist–Client Interaction”. Front Psychol. 2018; 9: 530. National Library of Medicine. Access here

 

Multicultural Competence in Counseling

Posted on by Dominick Flarey

A driving force in recent years is a more counselor awareness of multicultural differences between people.  As the world becomes smaller and more and more different ethnic and religious communities interact, the reality that individuals with very different views is becoming more and more common.  Simply through social media, the interaction between different individuals with diverse backgrounds has increased over the years.  Counselors also are coming into more contact with others of different beliefs and cultures and it is important for counselors to understand cultural issues within a client and how that affects the counseling process.  How a particular person from one culture versus another culture can vary greatly how various emotions such as grief are displayed, or how certain emotions are seen as positive and negative.  When working with a client, a counselor needs to be able to understand these differences.  The counselor will also need to understand other sensitive issues that exist for a particular client that is tied to his/her culture or background.  This involves many investigative and interviewing steps to have a full grasp of the client.

Multicultural Competence

When counseling, counselors need to be aware of cultural differences between themselves and clients

Many are sometimes rigid to ideas of multicultural issues and may see it as merely another “woke” agenda but this is farther from the truth.  Multicultural competence is imperative to social skills, especially for counselors.  It helps counselors better understand different clients to maximize helping and minimize harm.  According to Ivey, it is ethically imperative that counselors become more multicultural competent in their care of clients (2018, p. 51).   Hence any hesitancy by counselors to remain close minded to cultural realities is something contrary to the very nature of helping others.  There are extremely important things to consider when helping others with different backgrounds and they play key roles in the therapeutic process.

Ivey lists the “RESPECTFUL” model which highlights key dimensions within a human person.  Each letter of respectful correlates with something unique about ourselves as well as others.  When looking at the counselor and client, it is important to identify not only the client within this model, but also the counselor and how the differences between the two could possibly manifest and side track the counseling process.  We will briefly look at this model.

 

 

R= Religious or spiritual background.  Obviously someone who is Christian would differ greatly from someone who is Hindu, or someone who is religious versus someone who is secular.

E= Economic and social background.  A more wealthy counselor may have issues identifying with an individual with far less income and wealth.

S= Sexual Identity.  Individuals who are heterosexual or homosexual have very different stories to tell in regards of acceptance within society

P= Personal Style and Education.  Different levels of education can cause differences in how well communication and conversation is achieved.

E= Ethnic and Racial Identity.  Different cultures and races have different experiences with situations. Sometimes counselor and client are two differently culturally and racial people

C= Chronological/Life Span.  Depending on one’s age, the outlook on a particular situation can differ greatly.

T= Trauma.  An individual based on their situation or culture may inherit various different levels of inherent trauma

F= Family background and History.  A person’s upbringing can play a key role in his/her development.  A person raised in a two parent home versus a one parent home

U= Unique Physical Characteristics.  A person with various disabilities has a unique set of challenges.

L=Location and Language.  A person’s land or origin, or where a person resides or the language a person speaks can all create unique difficulties

(Ivey, 2018, p. 33)

These types of differences all point to unique challenges a counselor may encounter with a particular client.   When counseling, different cultural expressions can emerge in how one expresses or speaks or means a certain phrase.  Hence it is important to be aware of the RESPECTFUL model and see how each element can possibly apply to a client

Soul Wounds

Different races, cultures and people face historical traumas and what is referred to as “soul wounds”

 

Different cultures experience different griefs or collective wounds that an individual has inherited.  This can be referred to as social grief, but also according to Ivey, as “soul wounds” (2018., p.52),  Historical trauma can play a key role in how an individual living in the present experiences the world and interacts with it.  African American clients can experience quite a different situation from day to day interaction with others than White Americans.  A simple traffic stop can have a greater traumatic effect due to racial profiling, police brutality, and social injustice.  In addition, African Americans suffer the tragic legacy of slavery within their history.  Following slavery, unjust and unequal economic restrictions prevented many African Americans from accumulating wealth leading to current poverty levels for many of them.  These types of issues and a host of other microaggressions greatly affect African American clients.

Simple prejudice can also exist at the microlevel that many individuals do not notice.  Microaggressions based on mere differences of culture and skin color exist within the world.  Whether unintended or intended, these aggressions add up over time.  Individuals face prejudices, looks, stares, or unkind words or opinions that can build up within them over time (Ivey, 2018, p. 52).  In most cases, although, microaggressions are not intended to be harmful, they still can cause great harm and trigger the other party.

So whether it is the African American community, or the Native American community, or the LGBTQ community, various slights and soul wounds exist within their communities that affect them.  Understanding these wounds and the importance of recognizing this diversity is critical in any type of counseling.

Counselor World View 

Believe it or not, the counselor brings with him/herself a variety of inherent bias and world views that he/she must be aware of and attempt to filter out when counseling.  Awareness  of one’s own background is as key as awareness of the client’s background (Ivey, 2018, p. 52).  Within this, a counselor of a particular background must be aware of his/her own beliefs and background but also how he/she appears before the client.  A white male counselor may initially cause some distance between a black female client.  The issue of creating trust and understanding may take longer. In this case, privilege and image play a key role.  A young counselor may find struggles counseling an older client, so minimizing the status of oneself or the privileges associated with oneself can play a key role in a healthy counselor/client relationship.  Unfortunately, sometimes, counselors and clients do not match, and through no fault of either, another fit may be best.  Do not feel horrible if this is the case because in many cases the perception of the client regarding the counselor is key.

The client hence needs to show cultural sensitivity to race, religion, age, gender, sexuality or culture of the individual.  This involves using political correct terminology (Ivey, 2018, p. 52).  The counseling session should not include language that is non-inclusive that already exists in the  outside world and causes distress to the client.  The counseling should be professional and void of damaging language.  In addition, the counselor must be extra careful in how he/she presents himself to different individuals with different backgrounds that may cause distress, either through posture, facial expressions, or words.  The counselor also needs to be mindful of his/her own beliefs and maintain a neutral setting with those of extremely different views.  The counselor should do his/her very best to be inclusive and open minded in listening and discussing issues that are different than his/her own religious or even moral beliefs.   If bias exists, then it needs to be dismissed.  A client can never be dismissed or set to the side due to cultural or moral differences.  This goes against all ethical standards of counseling.  If cultural differences are so great and there is no benefit in the counseling, usually the client will sense it, but if not, a counselor can help the client find a counselor that better matches the client’s needs, but again, this must be done with sensitivity, care and mutual agreement.

Conclusion

Ultimately it is the counselors job to be multicultural competent.  Some counselors may be less open to this type of training but to better serve the client and cause no harm it is absolutely essential that counselors become multicultural competent.

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling and Christian Counseling certification programs and see if they meet your academic and professional goals

Counselors need to be aware of different backgrounds through the RESPECTFUL MODEL, be aware of soul wounds of a particular culture and also be aware of their own beliefs and values.  The counselor needs to remain neutral but educated on different backgrounds.  This is not only important ethically but it also permits the counselor to better understand how different people experience the world and how they communicate it.  In addition, a counselor needs to be aware of his/her own values and appearance and how that translates to a potential client.

Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification, as well as its Christian Counseling Certification.  AIHCP also offers a host of other mental health certifications for clergy, pastoral and clinical counselors, social workers and any individuals within the Human Service fields in Crisis Intervention, Stress Management and also Anger Management.  All of the programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.

Also for members of AIHCP with existing Grief Counseling Certifications, please review AIHCP’s Grief Diversity Counseling Program which focuses on such issues of grief and diversity within different cultural groups.

 

Reference

Ivey, A. et. al. (2018). “Intentional Interviewing and Counseling: Facilitating Client Development in a Multicultural Society” (9th Ed.) Cengage

Additional Resources

Seales, J., (2022). “Cultural Competence in Therapy: What It Is and How to Find It”. PsychCentral.  Access here

Farook, M. “The State of Multicultural Counseling Competencies Research”.  Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy. Access here

Gillson, S. & Ross, A. (2019). “From Generation to Generation: Rethinking “Soul Wounds” and Historical Trauma”. Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 1; 86(7): e19–e20. National Library of Medicine. Acces here

Berns-Zare, I. (2021). “6 Ways to Build Multicultural Competence and Combat Racism”. Psychology Today.  Access here