Mourning is the outward expression of loss and grief. In many cultures there are precise and accepted mourning rituals in how one and society expresses grief. When other societies come into contact, sometimes mourning rituals may seem odd to others. Some may be more silent while others may be very dramatic. Whichever the case, when these types of mourning and expression are restricted by others, then the grief becomes suffocated. This can cause multiple issues to the griever. In some ways this is also a type of grief bullying.
This is also the case in certain places. For instance, in hospitals, individuals look to silence or quiet the loud sobbing or crying of an individual who is given bad news. In an attempt to keep others more comfortable, the mourning becomes restricted because the behavior is not meeting the societal standards of the time and place. This is an issue with different ethnicities and races in how they grieve and how society reacts to their grieving. Minorities can face a less receptive audience when grief overtakes them than others. This relates to their grieving in school as well as work. Such reactions to suffocate the public display of grief or silence it can have negative effects on the griever.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in Grief Counseling.
Affairs untended to after death can lead to a multitude of problems for surviving family. Division, arguments and issues with the state can follow the death of a loved one without a will in regards to possessions and financial funds. In addition, one’s wishes after death may not be properly carried out. In addition to death itself, sometimes individuals can become unable to make decisions due to an injury. A Medical Directive or Living Will can also list one’s affairs in order and lay out important medical decisions that one would make if conscious. These directives protect the individual from others making medical choices for them in regards to medication utilizing extraordinary measures.
Please also review AIHCP’s Pastoral Thanatology Program, as well as its Grief Counseling program. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a certification in Grief Counseling or Pastoral Care.
In the meantime, realize it is not a morbid thought to contemplate death or accidents, but an intelligent one that does not wish to ignore this important part of life. Hence actively partake in what legally must be done with one’s life and health to prevent others from doing it for oneself.
When loss is less definite but lingering in the balance, one can begin to feel like life is a fog and one is living with a ghost. This is very common with family and friends of the terminally ill. The sentence has been passed and the loss is being experienced but it has yet to occur. This type of anticipatory grief can cause confusion and create obstacles in loving the person who is still alive. Instead of appreciating what time is left, one mentally is thinking of the funeral and the tomb. This prevents the few joys that remain and the beautiful conversations that still can be shared. In addition, this can later lead to complications of the loss after it occurs, as one may feel guilt over the final days. Others may feel relief that the state of limbo is over but still feel guilty for feeling relief. Many times Grief Counselors are needed to help individuals through the crisis.
Anticipatory grief is grief before the loss. It is anticipatory in many ways. It mourns the loss and fears the loss.
Anticipatory grief happens to many individuals and while it is natural during trying and stressful times, individuals must be alert enough to understand the presence and better able to navigate. Primary caregivers, such as spouses, face caregiver burnout during this time. They are not able to mourn or feel happiness, but instead deal with a magnitude of emotions. Resentment, mental fatigue, grief, and guilt can all occur. After the actual death, many primary caregivers feel a relief. This is especially true of loved ones who no longer could communicate or barely function.
Ambiguous grief can be very similar to Anticipatory in that usually also deals with terminally ill but in most of these cases the loved one is no longer physically or mentally present. So in many ways both griefs can exist. However, there is no true way to find complete closure. This is also the case with loved ones who are lost in war or go missing. The individual is unable to find complete closure.
The article, “When There’s No Hallmark Card for Your Grief”. by Jessica Fein looks closer at ambiguous grief. As the title describes, without closure or a loss event, there are no condolence cards because the death has yet to occur but nonetheless the grieving individual is experiencing and expecting a loss at the same time. This type of confusion causes many conflicting emotions. The article states,
“Coined by therapist Dr. Pauline Boss in the 1970s, ambiguous grief means mourning the loss of someone who hasn’t died but is no longer physically present or mentally present. In the former, your loved one might have gone missing in war, for example. In the latter, your loved one might be suffering from dementia or drug addiction or, as in my daughter’s case, a degenerative disease that slowly took away her ability to communicate. With ambiguous grief, there’s no closure because the grieving remains unresolved.”
“When There’s No Hallmark Card for Your Grief”. Jessica Fein. March 9th, 2023. Psychology Today.
Anticipatory as well as Ambiguous grief causes many conflicting emotions as stated. It is a place of limbo. The loss itself is has yet to occur but it has been declared. This can cause early reactions to loss or force individuals into a isolation and numb mode of existence. The individual awaits the impending death sentence. The issue at hand is the loss has yet to occur and time remains to experience love with the terminally ill person.
This can cause multiple emotions. Grief Counselors can help individuals sort out the meaning of many of these emotions.
Anticipatory Grief
In regards to relief, many find a relief for a loved one who finally passes. Seeing a loved one become more ill and less capable makes seeing the existence of the loved one more painful. In many cases, individuals hope for the end. As ironic as this is, the fear of the loss has been lessened by the pain and suffering of the loved one. This in turn can cause relief in the actual death. This relief can also be felt by those who have expended excessive energy in care of the loved one. For some the experience of this relief can be an anchor of guilt. Grief Counselors can help individuals see that this relief is natural and acceptable and that one should experience guilt.
In addition to relief, others may feel guilt based upon how they interacted with the loved one while the deceased was still alive. They may regret their isolation or lack of communication due to their ambiguous grief. They may feel like they needed to be there more for the loved one. They may also feel guilt for during those times, seeking to enjoy life itself. These types of guilt are very common with long drawn out terminal illnesses. The person after the death begins to analyze every thing he or she did or do not do. This analyzation can cause distress and complicate the loss itself. It is important to identify this type of guilt in grief counseling and dispel it.
Ambiguous Grief
Ambiguous grief has some elements of anticipatory grief in it but it also lacks closure in itself. There is no closure in the loss due to the medical condition or absence of the person
In regards to ambiguous grief, the lack of closure is decided due to the terminal illness not the individual who cares about the person. The person is mentally or physically incapable of discussion or resembling who he or she once was. This leads to a another type of limbo. In addition, ambiguous grief can also affect individuals who lose loved ones to war or those who go missing. There is no closure.
The inability to communicate to a ill loved one or say a coherent goodbye, or never to know where a loved one is who has been displaced or assumed dead at war are painful events that can impede healing and also rise to complications in the grieving process. In relation to those who are missing, there is a torturing decision between abandoning hope and accepting loss. One cannot simply dismiss the emptiness but one is tortured with doubt about what happened? Nightmares can haunt these individuals.
The viciousness of this type of grief prevents healing and closure, it permits a constant torture between hope and despair. The survivor is subjugated to perpetual suffering. Many feel the need to find hope that someone will awaken from a coma, or return home from missing. Others contribute to causes that reflect the nature of their loss. Yet, the splinter of hope that one will return always exists and this in turn leaves the grief wound constantly open.
Some experience guilt in ever experiencing happiness again after a loss of a loved one. Others feel guilty for losing hope and giving into despair. There is a definite feeling of helplessness and this contributes to the prolonged and complications of grief itself.
Conclusion
AICHP offers a certification in Grief Counseling for qualified professionals. The program is independent study and online.
Both anticipatory grief and ambiguous grief can cause complications and prolonged grief. Ambiguous grief though is far more toxic because in all cases there is no resolution or closure which leaves a permanent emptiness. Individuals can keep hope, if they need it, but ultimately the unknow and ambiguity haunts the survivor. Finding causes or promoting social awareness to issues surrounding the issue may help give purpose but the grief wound cannot heal without concrete closure. With this in mind, emotions such as guilt, helplessness and utter despair can dominate.
Anticipatory grief offers closure but closure can become more difficult due to how one handled the terminal illness prior to the death. Hence emotions of guilt and relief are very common. Anticipatory grief can exist in ambiguity as well as one awaits impending news. Relief of knowing whether one is alive or dead can equally confusing when the bad news does finally arrive.
Grief Counselors can help with the loss but in most cases a licensed counselors are needed to offer deeper form of cognitive grief therapies to help individuals cope from prolonged grief due to the complications found in both of these types of losses.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it matches your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in Grief Counseling.
Additional Resources
Locked in grief: a qualitative study of grief among family members of missing persons in southern Sri Lanka. Amila Isuru, Padmakumara Bandumithra & S. S. Williams. BMC Psychologyvolume 9, Article number: 167 (2021). BMC Psychology. Access here
“The Pain of Grieving for a Missing Person”. María Alejandra Castro Arbeláez. December 21st, 2022. Exploring Your Mind. Access here
“Coping With Not Knowing What Happened to a Missing Loved One”. Raj Persaud, M.D. and Peter Bruggen, M.D. June 17th, 2017. Psychology Today. Access here
“What Is Anticipatory Grief?”. Cynthia Vinney. November 10th, 2021. VeryWellMind. Access here
“Anticipatory Grief: Are You Mourning Before a Loss?”. Hillary Lebow. January 7th, 2022. PsychCentral. Access here
“Grieving Before A Death: Understanding Anticipatory Grief”. Litsa Williams. What’s Your Grief. Access here
Many individuals’ grief are ignored or put to the side. When certain these types of losses do not meet society’s standards of loss then they can be swept under the rug leaving the bereaved with no resources. Some losses are considered insignificant or inappropriate. Some suffer stigma due to the type of situation surrounding the loss. The loss is hence ignored, hidden or demeaned.
Grief Counselors need to address all loss and the uniqueness each loss poses for different individuals. Some individuals may have their own subjective circumstances that enhance a loss that would not be as big an issue to others, while others may feel shame or ridicule for expressing their grief. It is critical to respect all grief and loss and allow individuals to have a platform to grieve and be accepted.
Grief Counselors can help others process disenfranchised grief. Please review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification
Examples of Disenfranchised Grief include pet loss, loss of a girlfriend or boyfriend, loss of a same sex partner, or the loss of someone due to a stigmatizing disease such as AIDs. Family whose loved one dies by the one’s own hands with suicide suffer this type of grief as well. When a loss is ignored, ridiculed, shamed or demeaned, the individual’s loss is not valued or recognized and this leads to an inability to properly express the grief and process it.
The article, “Disenfranchised Grief—Grief That Doesn’t Fit Society’s Standards and Is Not Often Acknowledged—Is Complex But Common” by Brina Patel analyzes the feelings and emotions associated with Disenfranchised Grief and why it is important to acknowledge all loss. The article states,
“Chances are you’ve experienced disenfranchised grief at some point—maybe during your last big breakup or when your childhood dog passed away. However, just because your situation doesn’t fit in with society’s mold of grief, that doesn’t mean that it shouldn’t be validated and processed. Skipping those all-important steps can have detrimental impacts on your mental health, and you may feel isolated and unsupported.”
“Disenfranchised Grief—Grief That Doesn’t Fit Society’s Standards and Is Not Often Acknowledged—Is Complex But Common”. Brina Patel. December 3rd, 2022. Well & Good.
Grief is a natural response to loss, but not all types of grief receive the same level of recognition and support. Disenfranchised grief is a type of grief that is not socially recognized or acknowledged. It is often not openly expressed, and the person experiencing it may feel isolated, misunderstood, or invalidated. Disenfranchised grief can result from the loss of a person, relationship, or identity that is not widely acknowledged or socially sanctioned. Examples of disenfranchised grief include the loss of a pet, a miscarriage, the end of a non-traditional relationship, or the loss of a job. Grief Counselors can help those suffering from these types of losses.
What is Disenfranchised Grief and How is it Different from Other Types of Grief?
Disenfranchised grief is different from other types of grief in that it is not socially recognized or acknowledged. This means that the person experiencing disenfranchised grief may not receive the same level of support or validation as someone experiencing a more socially recognized type of grief. For example, if someone loses a spouse, they may receive sympathy cards, meals, and flowers. However, if someone experiences the loss of a non-traditional relationship, they may not receive the same level of support and may even face stigma or judgment.
Disenfranchised grief can also be different in terms of the mourning process. The person experiencing disenfranchised grief may not be able to openly mourn or express their feelings, which can prolong the grieving process and make it more difficult to heal.
Common Types of Disenfranchised Grief
There are many different types of disenfranchised grief. Some common examples include:
Pet Loss
The loss of a pet can be a significant source of grief, but it is not always recognized as such. People who lose a pet may be dismissed or belittled by others who do not understand the bond between a person and their pet.
Miscarriage
The loss of a pregnancy can be a traumatic experience, but it is often not acknowledged as such. Women who have experienced a miscarriage may feel like they are not allowed to grieve or that their loss is not as significant as other types of loss.
End of a Non-Traditional Relationship
The end of a non-traditional relationship, such as a same-sex relationship or a polyamorous relationship, can be a significant source of grief. However, people in these types of relationships may not receive the same level of support or validation as those in more traditional relationships.
Job Loss
Losing a job can be a traumatic experience, especially if the job was a significant part of a person’s identity. However, people who lose their job may not receive the same level of support or validation as those who experience other types of loss.
Signs and Symptoms of Disenfranchised Grief
Individuals suffering from disenfranchised grief feel forgotten, belittled, shamed and can intense anger
It can be difficult to identify disenfranchised grief because it is often hidden or not openly expressed. However, there are some signs and symptoms that counselors can look for. These include:
Difficulty Expressing Emotions
People experiencing disenfranchised grief may have difficulty expressing their emotions or may feel like they are not allowed to express their emotions. They may bottle up their feelings or avoid talking about their loss altogether.
Isolation
People experiencing disenfranchised grief may feel isolated or alone. They may feel like no one understands what they are going through or that they are not allowed to talk about their loss.
Guilt
People experiencing disenfranchised grief may feel guilty for grieving or for their loss. They may feel like they do not have the right to grieve or that their loss is not significant enough to deserve grief.
Anger
People experiencing disenfranchised grief may feel angry or resentful towards others who do not understand their grief or who dismiss their loss.
How to Support Someone Experiencing Disenfranchised Grief
Supporting someone experiencing disenfranchised grief requires empathy, validation, and understanding. As a Grief counselor, there are several techniques you can use to support someone experiencing disenfranchised grief.
Active Listening
Active listening is a technique that involves listening to the person without judgment and without interrupting. It involves reflecting back what the person is saying and validating their feelings. Grief Counselors can play a key role in validating the feelings of others.
Listening, being empathetic, normalizing and validating one’s disenfranchised grief can help them heal and cope with these types of losses
Empathy
Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of the person experiencing grief. It involves putting yourself in their shoes and imagining how you would feel in their situation.
Validation
Validation is the act of acknowledging the person’s feelings and experiences as real and important. It involves letting the person know that their grief is valid and that it is okay to feel the way they feel.
Normalizing
Normalizing is the act of letting the person know that their feelings and experiences are normal and that others have experienced similar types of grief. It involves educating the person about disenfranchised grief and letting them know that they are not alone. Greif Counselors can help those suffering these types of losses realize that all loss is legitimate.
Techniques for Addressing Disenfranchised Grief in Counseling
There are numerous therapies to help individuals face disenfranchised grief and understand their particular loss
There are several techniques that counselors can use to address disenfranchised grief in counseling. Licensed Counselors can employ these therapies
Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation involves educating the person about disenfranchised grief and helping them understand that their grief is valid and normal.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on changing negative thoughts and behaviors. It can be helpful for addressing feelings of guilt or anger associated with disenfranchised grief.
Mindfulness-Based Therapy
Mindfulness-based therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on being present in the moment and accepting one’s thoughts and feelings without judgment. It can be helpful for addressing feelings of isolation and loneliness associated with disenfranchised grief.
Narrative Therapy
Narrative therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on helping the person create a new narrative about the loss. It can be helpful for reframing the loss and creating a new sense of meaning and purpose
Case Studies Highlighting the Impact of Disenfranchised Grief
Case studies can be helpful for understanding the impact of disenfranchised grief. Here are a few examples:
Jane
Jane experienced the loss of a pregnancy early in her first trimester. She felt like she was not allowed to grieve because the pregnancy was not far along. However, she was devastated by the loss and struggled to move on. After seeking counseling, she was able to process her grief and find closure.
Sam
Sam lost his job after working at the same company for 20 years. He felt like he had lost a significant part of his identity and struggled to find a new sense of purpose. After seeking counseling, he was able to reframe his loss and find new opportunities for growth and development.
Maria
Maria experienced the end of a same-sex relationship. She felt like she was not allowed to grieve because the relationship was not recognized by society. She struggled with feelings of isolation and loneliness. After seeking counseling, she was able to process her grief and find a new sense of community and support.
Disenfranchised Grief and Cultural Differences
It is important to recognize that disenfranchised grief can be influenced by cultural differences. Some cultures may not recognize certain types of loss or may have different mourning rituals. As counselors, it is important to be sensitive to cultural differences and to adapt our approach accordingly.
Conclusion and Next Steps for Grief Counselors Seeking to Support Clients with Disenfranchised Grief
Grief Counselors can help individuals realize their loss is unique and special no matter what society says or dictates.
Disenfranchised grief is a type of grief that is often overlooked or misunderstood. As Grief counselors, it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms of disenfranchised grief and to provide empathy, validation, and understanding to our clients. By using techniques such as active listening, empathy, and validation, we can help our clients process their grief and find closure. There are many resources available for counselors supporting clients with disenfranchised grief, and it is important to continue to educate ourselves.
AIHCP offers a Grief Counseling Certification which can help prepare individuals to help others with disenfranchised grief. The Grief Counseling Certification Program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals. Please review the program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals.
Additional Resources
“What Is Disenfranchised Grief?”. Sanjana Gupta. April 16th, 2022. VeryWellMind. Access here
“All About Disenfranchised Grief”. Cathy Cassata. July 27th, 2021. PyschCentral. Access here
“Disen-whaaaat?? Understanding Disenfranchised Grief”. Litsa Williams. July 8th, 2013. What’s Your Grief. Access here
“Disenfranchised Grief Might Be the Hardest Kind to Process—Here’s What It Is and Why, According to Experts”. Claire Gillespie. August 5th, 2021. Health. Access here
From a white male perspective, things for other people of color may look improved historically, but within the shadows, many of the same demons still lurk and at times reimpose themselves. Yes, slavery has been eradicated, separate but equal denounced, and African Americans elected to almost every position of government, but there still are large issues. The George Floyd case shows it. While there is a new color, “blue”, that has its own brotherhood, those who are black or brown in color face greater threat of profiling and violence during arrest. Not all cases can be validated, but there are enough cases to point towards an inherent problem. In addition, due to socio economic barriers since the time of slavery, African Americans suffer a heritage of disadvantage in where their families came from, lived, and were educated. This imbalance still reveals itself in poverty and crime statistics. It also showed its ugly face in how African Americans received unequal care during the Covid Epidemic.
Many African Americans suffer from a subconscious trauma and are faced with a variety of stressors that incur the idea of a collective “Black Grief”
These types of inequalities and historic pains and scars lead to a unique experience of grief and loss coined as “Black Grief”. Many experts have referred to this as a type of subconscious trauma as well that lingers within the DNA of Black Americans who suffer from this type of treatment by the police, or other agencies. Anxiety, depression, and hyper vigilance are added emotions to Black communities due to national issues with police brutality and other types of unequal treatments. There are simply more social stressors associated with one’s color of skin.
This in no way frees individuals from personal responsibility. In no way is this a free pass for African American to commit a crime against a White American. Black culture calls for responsibility of oneself, but the lingering affects of over a century of racism, poverty and displacement, plays a key role in current situations of many impoverish African Americans who did not receive a fair handshake with the American dream. In many ways without progressing too far down a “woke” agenda, there is a privilege being a White American every time an officer pulls someone over or when someone acts erratic in public or when someone applies for a position. This does not mean the individual has not earned or worked hard and deserves credit for achievement, but it does point towards a system that put Black ancestors at a totally unfair and immoral disadvantage. It is true certain European immigrants faced hate and ridicule but none experienced the immorality of slavery itself.
While on the outside the Civil Rights Movement has made great strides and racism is considered heinous and a political and financial death sentence, there exists within the modern African American communities a disadvantage and a trauma that causes Black grief. It manifests in poverty, lack of opportunity for many, and police treatment. While many African Americans boast of succeeding, their unique stories should not dismiss the many that are trapped in a system that has left them without an equal hand since they were born.
Many African Americans face depression, anxiety and hypervigilance due to stressors that other races do not face
The same can be true for other peoples of color or different descents that do not blend into the Caucasian colors. Spanish descent individuals face a blatant racism equating them to cartels and illegal immigration. While the Lady Liberty supposedly calls all to her shores, these individuals are rejected at the border. Let us not also forget the great grievances and murders against the Native Americans whose land was stolen. These individuals were relocated time again and again and some faced genocide at the hands of the American army in the 19th Century. The loss of self and land closely is tied to Native Americans is a lingering subconscious and collective trauma. Finally, let us not forget the unfair treatment of Asian Americans and Japanese Americans during World War 2 and the camps they were illegally assigned to. within the United States and currently the anti-Chinese hate due to Covid-19.
There is a dangerous balance in play in American history as America attempts to understand itself. On one side is a proud movement that recognizes the Founding Fathers and the beauty of the Declaration of Independence and its profound affect on the entire world. It sees America as the City on the Hill and as a birth place for democracy. Yet in love of country, sometimes one loses sight of patriotism and fosters nationalism. Patriotism loves one’s country and defends it but does not dismiss other cultures and expressions. Nationalism on the other hand proclaims one’s nation and nationality as superior as others and looks to maintain purity of it. It is racist and warlike. It is a distortion of patriotism. It fails to reprimand one’s own nation for past ills and proposes a select history that only sees on view and one side. Nationalism is what led to the World Wars.
American exceptionalism is a myth. The United States, while a great nation, is not a perfect state, nor has ever been. Not only did the United States support slavery and utilize it as a key part of its economic survival, the White Anglo Saxon Protestant (WASP) had infiltrated itself into the core of the nation at its conception. This can be seen in the its puritan roots where it was viewed as the City on the Hill and its nationalistic Manifest Destiny expansion West. Horribly also, was the Know Nothing Movement/Nativist Movement and political party that worked against all forms of immigration. Irish and Catholics and Jews were all discriminated against in the Early and Mid-Nineteenth Century and bias continued into the 20th Century. Well after the Civil War, these White Nationalist Movements based on WASP principles demeaned not only Blacks but also any immigrants. It is terrifying to see such ideals manifest itself today under such nationalist slogans under MAGA. The insurrection at the Capitol only shows the movement of WASP like cells looking to revive nationalism and nativism over patriotism.
Does this mean as Americans we turn against our past heroes? The “Woke” movement looks to erase the past, as much as the Nationalists look rewrite it, but there is balance. Some monuments should be removed, but not all. Some bases may need renamed, but not all, but for the most part, past American heroes should still be revered but also ridiculed for their faults. They can be revered for their service of country but also criticized for moral decisions. As the future proceeds, new monuments can be created for those who were left in the past or treated unfairly to show the progress of American enlightenment against past wrongs and commitment to betterment. Those who were immorally enslaved, or murdered or relocated from homes, deserve recognition of their past trauma. This does not undo the evil but it does help current generations find some collective justice and recognition of their grief.
Conclusion
Two forces are looking to tear the country in two. Extreme rightists who favor a nationalist agenda and extreme leftists who looks to eradicate the past, but in the balance is found in true patriotism that loves the nation but recognizes its wrongs. Tearing down the past is not the answer to collective trauma but rebuilding the future with recognition to that grief.
African Americans, Native Americans and immigrants have all faced unequal treatment in the past. While it has improved, the collective trauma manifests in these cultures through anxiety, depression hypervigilance. This is only re-awakened when incidents such as George Floyd erupt. African Americans, especially, face an equal uphill battle and face anxieties that White Americans do not face during simple traffic stop.
While America is not the City of the Hill that many nationalists envision, she is still a great nation trying its best. Most Americans are good people and are patriotic enough love her but also see her wrongs. It is especially to critical to the future to acknowledge the wrongs of the collective trauma experienced by Americans of ethnic minority.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Diversity Program which focuses on African American, Native American and other minorities
If interested in the concept of grief and especially collective grief of minorities, please review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification. Please also review AIHCP’s new Grief Diversity Program which is open to qualified and certified Grief Counselors. The program is online and independent study and addressed the particular issues facing minorities and their collective grief.
Additional Readings
“The Imposition of Black Grief”. Nneka Okona. February 27th, 2023. Yes: Solutions Journalism. Access here
“A hidden pandemic: Grief in the African American community”. Mishel Reja. February 2nd, 2021. ABC News. Access here
“America’s Most Oppressed Minority “. Candy Raye. February 22nd, 2020. Odyssey Online. Access here
“Cultural perspectives of death, grief, and bereavement”. Paul T Clements1, Gloria J Vigil, Martin S Manno, Gloria C Henry, Jonathan Wilks, Das Sarthak, Rosie Kellywood, Wil Foster.
2003 Jul;41(7):18-26. doi: 10.3928/0279-3695-20030701-12. Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. Access here
“Nativism and the Know-Nothing Party”. Kimberly Kutz Elliot. Khan Academy. Access here
In a world where everything is labeled as “counseling” in the generic sense, things can become confusing for those seeking deeper mental care instead of everyday advice. This can lead to legal ramifications where individuals unknowingly are claiming to be counselors and can infer penalties from the state. Hence grief support as opposed to grief therapy are two very different things. Anyone can perform grief support. Ministers, chaplains, certified professionals, as well as teachers, funeral directors, nurses, hospice care givers, and others who deal with grieving populations. This type of grief support deals with the basics of loss and the emotions that entail with it. However, grief therapy is a deeper type of counseling. Licensed counselors are able to help others with complicated or pathological grief and loss. Licensed counselors, social workers, certain psychiatric nurses, psychologists and psychiatrists are able to counsel and treat individuals with grief pathologies. Hence grief support and grief therapy are two very different things
Grief support deals with basic human loss and how to cope and adjust to that loss in a healthy way.
AIHCP certifies individuals in grief support and does not offer licensure. Licensure to perform grief therapy varies from state to state but usually requires a undergraduate in psychology or counseling and then passing state guidelines and exams. Individuals with a license who attain a certification from AIHCP obviously can perform grief support and grief therapy but only those with an existing licensure.
The article, “What’s the Difference Between Grief Support and Grief Therapy?” by Mark Shelvock takes a closer look at the differences between grief support and grief therapy. In regards to grief support, he states,
“Grief support is fostered in any environment where people can talk about their loss or grieving experiences with others. This may come from a family member, friend, partner, neighbour, colleague, teacher, health care provider, or a not-for-profit community worker. Typically, grief support focuses on providing a supportive environment where a grieving person can engage with a specific loss they are grappling with in present-day life.”
“What’s the Difference Between Grief Support and Grief Therapy?”. Mark Shelvock. November 17th, 2022. Psychology Today.
In addition, he discusses the necessity of grief therapy for cases that are beyond the basic human loss. Grief therapy involves more indepth care and deals with more pathological issues in the grieving process itself. To read the entire article, please click here
Commentary
Hence the importance of understanding the differences between grief support and grief therapy are essential for the proper understanding of certain roles that professionals play. Those in grief support are in most cases the first line and option for many seeking help understanding the process of loss. They provide guidance and direction. They do not look to offer solutions to loss or promises it goes away, but instead gives to the person a listening ear.
Grief Support
Grief support can be individual or collective with support groups. Grief support groups sometimes are a better option for individuals that do not have a strong support system. AIHCP also offers Grief Support Group Certification. Whether, individual or collective, grief support is important for individuals in processing the loss, understanding it, coping with it and adjusting to it in a healthy and safe way. In this regards many non-licensed professionals are able to offer support and help in this area. This is where a Grief Counseling Certification is an excellent resume booster. It helps professionals attain more acute knowledge about the grieving process and how to help others manage their grief.
Most individuals are able to acclimate to grief and loss in a healthy way and do not incur pathological symptoms. They grieve within the normal time, adjust and need occasional support. These individuals are able to adjust to the loss. This does not mean that they ever “get over” the loss. This is a false promise. No one ever truly recovers from a loss of a loved one. This is the ultimate price of love, but individuals can adjust and live life. Grief support and basic grief counseling helps certain individuals understand this process in a healthy and better way.
Grief Therapy
Sometimes due to complications within the loss, complicated grief can emerge. If the loss is especially tragic, sudden, or heinous in nature, then individuals may not adjust to the loss in a healthy fashion. Others may experience a type of loss in their childhood and remains a deep trauma. Others may have the subjective elements within their mental capabilities that can make any type of loss a complicated one. Still others may deal with depression or other mental maladies.
Grief therapy deals with pathological loss through a licensed professional.
Licensed counselors and other mental care providers aid individuals in these types of losses. They provide deeper therapies that only state approved and trained professionals can provide. These individuals can enhance their knowledge through certification if they so choose, but are equipped with the psychological training to handle grief pathologies. If an individual is suffering from grief due to an intense trauma, experiences depression, or is unable to break the grieving cycle in a healthy way, then grief therapy is required for these individuals.
Conclusion
Those who provide grief support need to be careful in how they present themselves. They must use the word “counselor” very carefully and be sure clients understand they are not licensed counselors. They need to understand the nature of complicated grief and when to refer a client to a licensed professional. Grief support deals with basic loss and the adjustment to that loss but it cannot replace grief therapy for those suffering from complications in grief. Many who offer grief support, also use the terms grief coaching, or grief consulting.
It is important to know the difference between grief support and grief therapy. Please review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification
AIHCP offers a Grief Counseling Certification for licensed and non licensed professionals. Obviously, the certification is not meant to serve as substitution for licensure, but serves as an enhancement for professionals who are licensed and a tool for non licensed professionals to be able to offer grief support. Please review the program and see how it will professionally aid yourself in your particular field of dealing with grief
Additional Resources
“What Is Grief Counseling?”. Sanjana Gupta. June 21st, 2022. VeryWellMind. Access here
“When Does Grief Require Therapy?”. Sophia Dembling. March 26th, 2022. Psychology Today. Access here
“Understanding Therapy for Grief and How It Can Help”. Sara Lindberg. October 17th, 2022. Healthline. Access here
“Complicated grief”. Mayo Clinic Staff. Mayo Clinic. Access here
When others experience individuals in pain and suffering, they many time do not know what to say. Some remain silent and distant due to the discomfort it may bring them, or inability to express, while others may seek to comfort. Unfortunately, many good intentioned individuals who look to offer help do more damage in the words they say. Many do not understand the process of grief or experienced loss and the words they say can make the grief process worst. Unlike Grief Counselors who are trained in grief and loss counseling, these individuals usually say the wrong thing at the wrong time. Understanding grief can help individuals in how to approach the bereaved and how to speak or not speak to a individual experiencing trauma. It is an important life skill that can make all the difference for a suffering friend or colleague.
Helping the bereaved with the right actions and words is key for trained grief counselors
The article, “I Lost My Dad. These Are The 7 Words I Wish I’d Never Been Told At His Funeral.” by Carly Midgley relates her own experience with the death of her father. She too experienced the many well wishes of others at the funeral but many of the words at times did not help but made it more difficult for her. The article discusses on why certain things that seem innocent are not the best phrases or condolences for those experiencing a loss and instead encourages better ways to help the bereaved. Midgley states,
“But the people who surrounded me seemed as helpless as I was, uncertain how to proceed regardless of whether they’d known him. Sometimes, their attempts at comfort made a difference: A walk around the funeral home with a friend who let me talk as long as I wanted, or a family friend sharing what they remembered of my father’s youth, helped pull me to the surface of my grief just long enough to breathe. Other times, however, the people I spoke to were so filled with awkwardness about death, or with eagerness to fix it for me, that the exchanges turned prescriptive:”
“I Lost My Dad. These Are The 7 Words I Wish I’d Never Been Told At His Funeral”. Carly Midgley. January 19th, 2023. Yahoo News.
Obviously well intentioned individuals will reach out at a funeral to help the suffering family with words of advice or condolences. Many times, these words are not the right thing to say. Some of this stems from the types of individuals and their own experience with grief. Some may seem aloof or distant due to the discomfort of death and discussing it or even seeing other people be emotional. Others may be still working on their own grief and attempt to offer advice that has helped themselves. Others may be trying to say the perfect thing in an attempt to fix and heal the bereaved.
When helping the bereaved, it is important to have a strong understanding of the connection and gravity of the loss. It is important to only offer more words if requested regarding one’s own experiences and to keep it simple. One cannot fix the loss but one can offer condolence and sometimes not even a word but if appropriate a hug or a listening ear.
Phrases to Avoid at a Funeral
The biggest issues occur when one attempts to know it all or look to fix the loss on the spot. Phrases that compare the loss or speak of knowing how it feels need to be avoided. The time is not about one’s experience but the person grieving. Furthermore, grief is unique, the person may be experiencing the same type of loss very differently so one does not truly know how one feels. It is best to only offer comparative stories of loss if requested.
Many well intentioned people say the wrong words at a funeral regarding loss. Please also review AIHCP’S Grief Counseling Training
Other phrases start with the words “at least”. While well intentioned, they attempt to lessen the loss but the loss itself is something the person is experiencing. While it may be receptive to some ears, it may upset others who only know the objective reality that their loved one is gone. So if someone died abruptly, adding the phrase that at least he did not suffer is not conducive to helping the situation. Or at least, his or her suffering is now at end. While this phrase can be utilized carefully depending on the situation, it can become more painful to parents who lost a child.
Phrases that also put the deceased in a better place should be avoided. The bereaved only want their loved one them not somewhere else. So while opening a phrase with “at least she is in a better place” does not equate to lessening the pain for many. It does not remove the current absence. Furthermore many times, individuals may be angry with God and not ready to discuss the afterlife. Hence it is good to avoid this phrase.
Another phrase to avoid features a judgement upon how one will feel. A phrase that opens with you will be OK or you will get over this in time should be completely avoided. It is a large mistake to attempt to dictate how one will feel or tell someone who is currently grieving that it will be OK. The present moment needs to be respected.
An equally worst thing to say is that it could be worst. For the bereaved it is already horrible. The loss of a loved one cannot be worst or compared to other losses. The loss itself must be respected for what it is and not lessened, challenged, or compared.
In addition, many individuals offer help, but fail to realize many do not have the energy to do something or even ask. Instead of offering, do. Instead of waiting for a call, call. Many are left after the funeral with nothing. The funeral to those more distant is a mere ceremony, but for those missing their loved ones, it is the first step in a long process of grieving. The funeral is the start not the end. So it is important to check on friends and ask them if they are OK or how they feel. Listening and allowing others to vent is a big thing.
Things to Say
In contrast, focus on the loss itself. He or she will be missed or I am sorry for your loss are very comforting, direct, acknowledging and non judgmental. They do not take away from the person or the sorrow of the present.
Conclusion
Many people at funerals offer condolences the wrong way. This is due to their own discomfort with death, lack of understanding grieving or attempts to fix the bereaved. Sojourning and listening and respecting the loss for its own is critical to helping people during grief and loss. When individual’s feelings are acknowledged and respected in the moment, then individuals can grieve in a healthy fashion.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification. The program trains qualified professionals to become certified Grief Counselors who have the understanding and training to properly address grief and help individuals process it. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification. Please review the program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals.
Additional Resources
“What to Say (and What Not to Say) to Someone Who’s Grieving”. David Pogue. February 14th, 2019. New York Times. Access here
“THE MOURNER’S BILL OF RIGHTS”. Alan Wolfelt. December 21st, 2013. TAPS. Access here
“7 Things to Not Say at a Funeral” Aaron Earl. May 24th, 2018. Lifeway Research. Access here
“What to Say (and Not Say) to Someone Who’s Grieving”. Taneasha White. September 23rd, 2021. PsychCentral. Access here
In some cases, grief and loss is not acute nor even directly correlated to a observed loss. Sometimes loss is more abstract. Sometimes loss is beyond losing something tangible but is a loss of “what if” or “should have”. Sometimes loss is something never possessed or greatly desired but never found. In these cases, a nonfinite grief exists. This grief is not something to ignore but something that needs attention within one’s life. One may take upon reflection, respect the emotions and move forward to prevent this type of grief to anchor one into the abyss of existential crisis.
Human happiness is a very complex reality and when one chases things that cannot give perfect happiness then one can find themselves wandering in the desert of life yearning over things not worth. It is important to see if one’s nonfinite grief is focused on true things of value and make the changes or accept the necessary realities to find happiness.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in Grief Counseling.
Grief experts have labeled the term Disenfranchised Grief to be a type of grief that is hidden due to fear of ridicule, or a type of loss that is not recognized or belittled by others because to others it is outside the range of societal norms or perceived as insignificant. Types of examples can be the loss of a pet, or particular loss that is extremely painful but personal but not acknowledged by society. Another example would be the pain of an individual who may be a boy friend or girl friend who may have lost someone in High School. While the family receives the bulk of the sympathy, the Highschool boyfriend or girlfriend may find themselves on the outside looking in. Another example of Disenfranchised Grief pertains to suffering from a stigmatizing disease. Still others who lose a loved one within the LGBTQ community may find a stigmatizing view towards their particular loss. All of these losses are ways society attempts to control how one grieves or what is worthy of grief itself. These type of constraints are an issue that Grief Counseling attempts to unbind in counseling sessions. Acknowledging the loss and grief is key and making awareness to others that these losses matter.
Many individuals are expected to react to grief in a quiet and private way. Please also review AIHCP’s Pastoral Thanatology Certification
Society attempts to control grief in other arenas as well. Not just merely in what is worthy of grief, but also in how one should grieve in public. Societal norms and standards of public display in the West seem to find contempt in outward expressions of grief. The discomfort of others witnessing a sobbing mother, or a hysterical child grieving the loss of a parent seem out of control and socially awkward. “What’s Your Grief” takes a closer look at this attempt to censure public displays of grief in it’s article “What is Suffocated Grief”. The term labeled “Suffocated Grief” refers to situations where other standards attempt to moderate grief expression. The article states,
“It wasn’t until years later, sitting in a conference listening to Dr. Tashel Bordere, that I realized it was more than that.. I heard the phrase ‘suffocated grief’ for the first time, a term she coined. She explained that for some, their expression of grief is not simply unacknowledged or stigmatized, as in disenfranchised grief, but it is punished. As she described normal grief reactions being penalized, all those calls to security flashed in my memory.”
“What is Suffocated Grief”. Whats Your Grief. December 21st, 2022. Whats Your Grief
Hence even if a grief loss is seen as within the norms of societal grief reaction and not disenfranchised, it still may fall under societal condemnation in regards to reaction to the loss and how that reaction is perceived in public. This literally takes grief bullying to a whole new level and can cause larger issues for the griever.
Many within societal norms see outward expressions of grief as uncomfortable or not acceptable in public
Grief reactions are not universal. Various cultures and faiths all grieve differently to a particular loss. One standard of expression or mourning cannot be held higher to another. Mourning as a public reaction to loss is the primary target of Suffocated Grief. The prevailing society sets the standards and rules for what is perceived as appropriate. When encountering loss, one’s reaction within a society must meet those societal standards of duration or extremity. When one travels off the path of “proper” reaction then that person is perceived as odd or temporarily insane. The discomfort for others is the primary issue. Individuals sometimes do not know how to respond to a particular emotion of others. Some individuals become uncomfortable or embarrassed when confronted with raw human emotion. Hence, hospitals, facilities and nursing homes will noise regulations or removal of individuals from a particular patient or ICU room when human emotion becomes to raw and visible.
Where is Grief Suffocated?
Suffocated grief unfortunately can be seen in many medical facilities. The ICU can become a very stressful place and the outward mourning of someone who may have passed may cause a considerable upheaval to the point of removal from the facility. Noise and crying in public can be perceived as threatening. Individuals who express themselves in the moment of extreme distress are seen sometimes as insane or out of control. While precautions need to be taken to protect everyone involved, such outward displays of mourning are usually frowned upon in the West.
The same is true within schools. Many minority children who experience more loss than white counterparts are sometimes held to a higher standard when expressing the same loss. They are not permitted to express themselves and when they do, it is seen or perceived as aggressive.
Suffocation of grief is especially seen in the work force. Many positions have little to no paid bereavement leave. Instead individuals are forced to return to work while grieving and expected to maintain composure and professionalism.
It seems, once the final shovel of dirt has been thrown over the grave, everyone should become silent and move on with life without expression.
Better Training
Understanding Suffocated Grief is important because it opens one to the pain of others. It is a sign of empathy to realize others are suffering. Instead of turning away, one needs to open arms. Pastoral Care and better training in grief are definitely needed in the caring professions. Medical professionals and nurses need to become better trained in the reactions of grief. A less sterile response to the needs of family experiencing a loss need to be implemented. How medical professionals discuss death and how they reveal these things can play large roles in helping others experience the bad news in a more quiet way. When these basic decencies are not met, individuals are more likely to be angry or devastated by a loss and display more outward mourning.
These feelings need to be respected within a safety net that prevents physical harm to oneself or damage to property.
Conclusion
Mourning or outward expression of grief within society is a very subjective thing. Cultures differ across the world. One way of reacting to loss should not be sanctioned by another community. Instead, others should be able to express grief and have the time to express grief without fear of ridicule. Healthcare professionals should receive training in helping others when reactions to grief and loss are experienced.
Alan Wolfelt lists a number of Bill of Rights for Mourners that cannot be taken away. One is to express oneself uniquely during loss and another is to experience “grief bursts” without fear of societal condemnation or grief bullies. It is important to grieve and express if one feels the need to do so.
The American Academy of Grief Counseling offers both a Grief Counseling Certification and also a Pastoral Thanatology Certification for qualified professionals in ministry, counseling and the medical fields. The programs are open enrollment and independent study. If interested, please review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling and Pastoral Thanatology Programs.
Additional Resources
“Disenfranchisement and ambiguity in the face of loss: The suffocated grief of sexual assault survivors.” Bordere, T. (2017) Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 66(1), 29–45. APA. Access here
“THE MOURNER’S BILL OF RIGHTS”. Alan Wolfelt. December 21st, 2013. TAPS. Access here
“The Ways We Grieve”. Ralph Ryback, PhD. February 27th, 2017. Psychology Today. Access here
“What to Know About Disenfranchised Grief”. WebMD Contributors. October 25th, 2021. WebMD. Access here
While society teaches that males should keep sadness to themselves, psychology teaches that like all human beings, males, as females, need to express their feelings and grieve their losses in order to heal and properly cope with grief. Social taboo prevents this for many men and it prevents healthy grieving and can lead to complications within grief itself. With that said, men, like women can become depressed and need the same outlets and aid that women need.
Men in general can have a more difficult time dealing with grief and loss publicly. Grief Counselors can help men better cope
The article, “8 Surprising Signs of Depression in Men” by Valeria Martinez Kaigi, PhD. takes a closer look at depression and men. She points out that depression exhibits itself differently in men and one needs to notice the signs. She relates that aggression and frustration and substance abuse are some of the many signs of depression in men, as well as sexual dysfunction. She laments though that many men are reluctant to seek help unlike women. She states also that suicide tied to depression is 4 times higher with men then women due to impulse and risk taking of men. She remarks,
“First, depression is associated with more impulsive and risk-taking behavior and substance misuse in men, which can quickly escalate to behaviors that lead to suicide. Second, men are less likely to talk to a healthcare provider or therapist about their mental health and get the support they need, such as medications or talk therapy. Finally, the symptoms of depression in men are not often recognized by men themselves, their healthcare providers, or loved ones. Which means that many men — and the people closest to them — may not realize they need help in the first place. That’s why it’s so important to know, and share, the above signs of depression.”
“8 Surprising Signs of Depression in Men”. Valeria Martinez Kaigi, PhD. December 1st, 2022. Hartford Health Care.
It can be difficult for men to recognize the symptoms of depression, let alone ask for help. With the right understanding and resources, however, it is possible to recognize the signs of depression in men and get them the help they need. In this blog article, we’ll explore the common symptoms of depression in men, how to recognize them, and where to find help.
Grief Counselors can help identify signs of depression and guide individuals to licensed therapists.
Introduction to Depression in Men
Depression is a mental health disorder that affects millions of people across the world. It’s important to recognize that even though men and women can experience similar symptoms of depression, the experience of depression can be very different between genders. Depression in men is often less recognizable than it is in women, and men are often less likely to seek help or talk about their feelings.
Depression in men can be particularly difficult to recognize because men are often expected to be strong and self-reliant. As a result, men can feel like they can’t express their emotions or seek help for their depression. This can make it difficult for men to recognize their own symptoms of depression, or for those around them to recognize them.
Common Symptoms of Depression in Men
When it comes to understanding depression in men, it is important to recognize the common symptoms of depression. These symptoms can be divided into four main categories: physical, behavioral, emotional, and mental.
Physical Symptoms of Depression in Men
Physical symptoms of depression in men can include changes in appetite, changes in weight, fatigue, insomnia, headaches, and digestive problems. Men with depression may also experience a decrease in libido, or a lack of energy and motivation.
Behavioral Symptoms of Depression in Men
Behavioral symptoms of depression in men can include withdrawal from activities they once enjoyed, changes in eating patterns, increased substance use, and increased risk-taking behavior. Men with depression may also have difficulty focusing or making decisions, and they may become easily agitated or irritable.
Emotional Symptoms of Depression in Men
Emotional symptoms of depression in men can include feelings of guilt and worthlessness, feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, sadness, and difficulty feeling pleasure. Men with depression may also experience changes in their mood, such as feeling anxious or tense, or feeling flat and disconnected from their emotions.
Mental Symptoms of Depression in Men
Mental symptoms of depression in men can include difficulty concentrating and making decisions, racing thoughts, negative thought patterns, and suicidal thoughts. Men with depression may also experience intrusive thoughts or images, or they may become overwhelmed by the simplest of tasks.
How to Recognize the Symptoms of Depression in Men
The best way to recognize the symptoms of depression in men is to look for changes in behavior and mood. It is important to note that not all men will experience the same symptoms of depression, and that symptoms can vary from person to person. It is also important to recognize that the symptoms of depression in men can be subtle, and that men may not express their feelings in the same way that women do.
If you are concerned that a man you know may be suffering from depression, it is important to be aware of the common symptoms of depression in men. Look for changes in their behavior, such as a decrease in energy or motivation, changes in their eating patterns, or an increase in substance use. Also, keep an eye out for changes in their mood, such as feelings of guilt or worthlessness, or feelings of hopelessness or helplessness.
How to Help a Man Who is Depressed
If you are concerned that a man you know is suffering from depression, it is important to let them know that you are there to support them. Offer to listen without judgement, and let them know that they can come to you for help. Encourage them to seek professional help, and let them know that there is nothing wrong with seeking help for their mental health.
It is also important to recognize that sometimes it is not enough to just be supportive. If you think that the man you know is at risk of harming themselves or others, it is important to seek professional help immediately.
Where to Find Help for Men with Depression
There are many resources available for men who are struggling with depression. The best place to start is to speak to a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. They will be able to assess the severity of the depression and recommend the best course of action. A certified Grief Counselor can also supply help in guiding someone through loss or directing one to a licensed therapist.
A certified Grief Counselor can help many men understand grief and loss and how to better cope with it
In addition to speaking to a mental health professional, there are many support groups and helplines available that can provide support and advice. These helplines are often available 24/7, and they can provide a safe space to talk and share experiences.
Conclusion
Depression in men is a serious issue that can be difficult to recognize. It is important to be aware of the common symptoms of depression in men and to be supportive of those who are struggling. If you are concerned that a man you know may be suffering from depression, it is important to encourage them to seek professional help and to provide them with resources and support. With the right understanding and resources, it is possible to recognize the signs of depression in men and get them the help they need.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in Grief Counseling. Certified Grief Counselors can help men become more aware of their feelings and how to better cope with loss and properly grieve. Grief Counselors can also help men it is OK to grieve and that public stigma against a man who cries it not only outdated but also untrue.
Additional Resources
“Male depression: Understanding the issues”. Mayo Clinic. December 21st, 2022. Mayo Clinic. Access here
“What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Depression in Men?”. Erica Cirino. April 7th, 2021. Healthline. Access here
“Depression in Men”. Debra Fulghum Bruce, PhD. September 4th, 2022. WebMD. Access here
“Understanding the Signs of Depression in Men”. Alison Yarp, MD, MPH. December 17th, 2022. VeryWellHealth. Access here
