Crisis Intervention and Assessment of Those in Crisis

Posted on October 30, 2024November 13, 2024 by Mark Moran

Those in crisis require different kinds of counseling than those in short and long term care counseling. Those in crisis have emotional and mental wounds that are intensely bleeding from within leading to sometimes lethal and dangerous decision making. Individuals feel lost and without purpose with no light at the end of the tunnel. Hence those in crisis lose cognitive and mental capabilities to make safe and logical decisions. This requires on site mental first aid and de-escalation. Those in EMT, police, FEMA, as well as chaplains and social workers who work with law enforcement approach those in crisis as mental first responders. One does not know what to expect and the job can definitely be dangerous due to the unexpected behavior of those in crisis. Individuals trained in crisis hence provide emotional and mental first aid and look to stabilize individuals from a mental and emotional way. This blog will look at the basic steps of Crisis Intervention and the role of assessing individuals in crisis.

Crisis Intervention professionals assess and implement plans to stabilize the person in crisis

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals

Hybrid Model of Crisis Intervention and Steps

Various models of Crisis Intervention look to examine the best psychological way to understand the state of crisis and how to help an individual reach pre-crisis state. Crisis professionals all agree that those in crisis experience disequilibrium as opposed to equilibrium and immobility as opposed to mobility (James, 2017, p. 48). Disequilibrium refers to lack of emotional stability, balance or poise within an individual (James, 2017, p.48) and immobility refers to the state of a being that is unable to autonomously change or cope or respond to different moods, feelings needs, conditions that require adaptation (James, 2017. p. 48). Hence it is the duty and vocation of the crisis professional to help individuals again find balance and ability to cope with the crisis inducing situation. The crisis professional is not again present to help resolve the issues causing the crisis itself but only present to help the person again find ability to cope with the situation in the heat of the moment. The crisis professional can then guide the person to appropriate resources and support to face the problems that created the conditions for crisis to occur. This involves various steps and procedures to help a person in crisis stabilize and find balance again. However, James warns that those in crisis are ones to follow steps but in reality are far more chaotic. With this in mind, these steps serve as a checklist or guidebook that can be adapted, or repeated, or reused as necessary within the process until the person again finds state of mind.

The Hybrid Model serves as a way for crisis professionals to help de-escalate the situation and help a person find pre-crisis state through seven steps. The first step is predispositioning/engaging and initiating contact (James, 2017, p. 50). This essential task sets the table and emotional response between anyone in crisis, whether one is facing little impairment or facing extreme emotional impairment. This step involves the crisis professional introducing him/herself and attempting to form some type of bond or understanding. When a person is in intense crisis, approach is key. An aggressive approach can turn the person to self harm or harm of others or also increase agitation within the mind. Trained police officers who approach someone in a mental breakdown who approach with more calmness and articulation are far better able to de-escalate as opposed to officers who approach as angry, aggressive or authoritarian. Many times, police escalate the situation of a person in crisis by challenging, commanding, or threatening. A person in crisis will not respond logically or calmly to these types of approaches. The best way is to introduce oneself calmly without threatening (James, 2017, p. 50). Within this initiation of contact, police or crisis professionals should attempt to learn the name of the person and also clarify one’s intentions in what the person in crisis should expect to happen next. Calm, clear and precise articulation can help break the ice and begin the process of de-escalation as opposed to making the situation worst.

The second task involves exploring the problem. This involves understanding the problem from the current context of the individual in crisis (James, 2017, p. 51). Key to helping and understanding requires core listening skills that encompass empathy and genuineness (James, 2017, p. 51). In this way, the crisis specialist examines the situation as a detective. H/she not only assesses the person (which we will review in the second part of the blog), but he/she also looks for clues about the current problem and addresses the person’s issue as how he/she is experiencing it. If a person is experiencing a breakdown, the crisis professional will discuss why the person is upset and reinforce understanding of why the situation is bad but also why it can be fixed. In addition to the person, the crisis professional will also see all the other issues surrounding the current issue, such as interpersonal issues, or other environmental issues and understanding how they fuel the current crisis.

The third task involves providing support. The crisis specialist, police or chaplain on the scene can provide support via continued empathetic dialogue. This includes letting the person know he/she is not alone and that the crisis specialist is a person who cares about he or she and that the crisis professional is present to help the person receive the support necessary (James, 2017, p. 52). This type of reassurance can help a person find some stability. Many individuals facing natural disasters will need those simply initial words of support to help them find some peace and calm after being completely overwhelmed. The crisis professional can supply psychological support, logistical support which leads the person to basic survival needs, such as food or water or shelter, social support which includes activating and discovering family, friends, coworkers or church, and information support which can include resources the person can access to find help (James, 2017, p. 53). Sometimes a person in crisis will need to be reassured that there is support before he/she will accept help from someone or leave a potentially dangerous situation. A crisis professional can help alleviate the hopelessness by asking and promising the help one needs. Of course, safety is a huge concern during these discussions. When weapons or erratic behavior exist, crisis specialists are at risk. Whether its a violent person in the street, a person threatening to shoot oneself with a gun in hand, the crisis specialist needs to assess, utilize the proper safety guidelines and also the backup present when hoping to diffuse and talk to individuals in a state of crisis.

The fourth task involves helping the person find alternatives to the current mode of thinking (James, 2017, p. 54). Sometimes rational ideas or different ways of viewing a crisis can help a person find some logic or some hope in finding pre-crisis state. This involves asking about situational supports the client has had in the past involving family or friends who can help, as well as offering coping mechanisms that include actions, behaviors or resources that can help the client in the temporary crisis. In addition, offering positive reframing of the current and temporary situation can help the client or person in crisis think more clearly. A crisis professional can offer a variety of solutions or alternative to the one in crisis to view the situation differently (James, 2017, p. 54). This ultimately involves a serious examination of the person’s realistic options within the current crisis situation.

Crisis Intervention counselors and specialists on scene look to help the person find emotional balance and mobility to cope with the short term problem through a series of tasks

The fifth task is to create a plan. Usually these plans are short goal but they offer order in the chaos for the person in crisis. The crisis professional offers certain ways of proceeding forward and meeting immediate and short term needs of the person. This type of grounding helps the person find some anchor in the chaos and that there are plans available to escape the crisis. This is important for individuals who may have lost a home to hurricane or a person who lost his or her job, or a person who is going through a divorce and lost his or her children. The crisis professional helps the person find order and some control (James, 2017. p. 55). The person should feel part of the plan and have autonomy within it.

The sixth and seventh tasks involve obtaining commitment on part of the person to follow through on the plan and then following up with the client within a few hours, or even days to ensure the person is still on the right path (James, 2017, p. 55-57). Commitment shows the person understands and comprehends the plan and also gives the person a sense of empowerment. Follow up is key to ensure the person still understands the plan and is meeting with the necessary agencies or persons to permit the plan to blossom. This also shows that the crisis professional cares and wants the person to be able to find permanent success following a crisis. This is important for anyone who lost a job or home and needs to contact certain groups, as well as those who were suicidal are committing to the plan of getting the help they need.

A similar model is referred to as the Robert Model. This involves assessment of the situation and person regarding lethality. Following assessment, involves rapport with the individual as found in the Hybrid model. Following rapport, identifying the problem and crisis and then exploring the emotions is addressed. Alternative options and plans are then addressed with follow up. As one can see, most models share a similar 7 step procedure that involves assessments, making contact, understanding the situation and giving options to de-escalate and help the person return to precrisis state with followup.

Interaction with Those in Crisis

Within the first task of initiating contact, it is crucial to establish trust and a bond with those experiencing crisis. Whether a person is brought to a mental health facility in a state of crisis, or arriving upon a scene, basic interaction with communication and listening skills are important. As they are in any counseling, particular ways crisis counselors speak and listen can play a big role in de-escalating a situation. Open ended questions are important that request descriptions of the situation such as “Please tell me” or “Show me” can help a person open up and communicate the crisis. In addition open ended questions that focus on plans of the person such as “What will you do?” can help make the person in crisis think. Expansion questions can help broaden the story by simply stating, “Tell me more” or questions that look to assess the situation. For most cases, “why” questions should be avoided since they provide opening for illogical defense. While it may attempt to allow one to understand, it also allows the person to intellectualize and defend why one is doing something that one should not do (James, 2017, p. 74). Close ended questions are used for more focus and quicker responses. They can obtain specifics, obtain commitments, and help focus on the issue at hand. Crisis counselors can also apply basic counseling skills that involve restatements of what the person feels as well as summaries of how the person is acting. Sometimes, restating and summarizing can allow a person in crisis to see the insanity of his/her state of mind.

In crisis, crisis professionals many time utilize owning or owning of feelings (James, 2017, p. 75). Utilizing “It” statements in what is to be done, or how one feels can help the conversation become more intimate and less confrontational as “we”. The person in crisis has only the professional to discuss, when “I” is utilized. Such as examples of ” I understand” . It is important not to falsely understand when one does not. In these cases, one should ask for clarification. Assertion statements are also useful when telling the individual what you expect and how you want someone to do something for one’s own safety. In these statements, specific actions are asked in the particular moment with “I” statements. In addition, it is important to offer positive reinforcement when applicable while working a person through crisis. Compliment the person who is able to breathe smoothly or who is starting to show control of emotions (James, 2017, p. 77).

In addition to various statements that can help create bonds and trust, as well as de-escalation, counselors need to listen with empathy and genuineness (James, 2017, p. 78). This involves empathetic listening for clues and acknowledging what the person is saying, but also understanding it while helping to guide the person to better options. It is not patronizing but serious listening and response to what is being related by the person in crisis. If the person in crisis understands that the counselor is acknowledging fears and taking what the person feels as serious, then respect can exist and the person in crisis will be more listening to reason and statements from the counselor. Through this, sometimes, a counselor can help create awareness of the situation during reflection of what the person in crisis is stating. Sometimes, restating the problem via good listening and offering a clear awareness of the difficult situation can be a great aid for the person. Sometimes, it is also important to allow the person in crisis to talk. One needs to allow sometimes for the person to talk, express, swear, curse, rant or mourn before reason can be restored (James, 2017, p. 80). In crisis intervention counseling this is referred to as catharsis. Ultimately, listening and communicating involves empathy with the client in crisis. It involves proper attending, verbal communication, reflecting feelings, and utilizing nonverbal cues and silence as a way to show empathy (James, 2017, p. 82).

Throughout the tasks, especially when discussing emotions, alternatives and plans, the crisis specialist needs to also promote expansion of the client’s tunnel vision of the temporary moment and open possibilities. This helps the client see the overall picture (James, 2017, p. 81). Sometimes during these phases and tasks, crisis counselors can also help individuals focus on the immediate issue. Many times individuals in crisis will spiral out of control and discuss multiple stressors that are not present. The crisis counselor can help partition, decompartmentalize and downsize client’s fears and stressors (James, 2017, p. 81). In addition, counselors during interaction need to know how to supply guidance and help implement order. Those in crisis and chaos depending on their level of impairment need direction and guidance. Finally, crisis counselors need to assure those they are working with that they are safe. “I” statements that assure safety and meeting of physical needs can help a person in crisis become more secure and open to de-escalation (James, 2017, p. 81).

Again, simplified, the basic ABC’s of Crisis Counseling merely involves achieving a relationship, breaking down the problem and committing to a plan of action. Identifying what activated the event, understanding the beliefs associated with it and the consequences surrounding it. This involves helping the person again find mobility and equilibrium throughout that process and utilizing the skills listed above in that process and also understanding the affective, behavioral and cognitive states of the person.

Assessment in Crisis Intervention

The tasks in helping a person find balance and mobility again are essential in crisis intervention. One of the initial observations during the first contact with a person in crisis is assessment of the person. Crisis Intervention offers a variety of assessment tools and charts to help EMT, police, chaplains and social workers to better able assess a person’s threat to oneself and others. Most assessment covers affective and emotional states, behavioral states and cognitive states. It is also important to assess whether a client has been in crisis before or if this is merely an isolated acute situation or if the person is chronic crisis with common re-entry (James, 2017, p. 69). Chronic, long term and transcrisis can all play roles in the persons limitations on resources and resiliency.

Affective states refer to one’s current mood. Hence any abnormal or impaired mood can show signs of crisis upon the scene. A person may seem over emotional or severely withdrawn. The behavioral functioning can also be important in assessing. The crisis professional observes the doing, acting and behavior of the person on scene (James, 2017, p. 58). Finally the cognitive state of the person in crisis in important in crisis. The crisis professional reviews the thinking patterns and thoughts of the person in crisis.

These three observations detail the ABC model of affective, behavioral and cognitive states (James, 2017, p.58). The Triage Assessment system and chart lists a series of questions that look at affective, behavioral and cognitive issues as well as supplying a chart to access severity of crisis (James, 2017. p. 59-64). A person’s affective state will include observing if the person is on medication or not, under a substance, experiencing psychosis or paranoid or any other mood related or physical appearances. A person’s behavioral state is ranked based on if the person is defiant, aggressive, reckless, suicidal, or violent. From a cognitive state, observations include if a person is uncooperative, impulsive, hysterical, confused or unresponsive (James, 2017, p. 60 & 68).

The Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive scales help assessment with the worst score totaling 30. Important labels include no impairment and minimal to low, moderate, marked and severe. Stable moods are contrasted moods devoid of feeling, behaviors are rated from socially appropriate to behaviors that intensify crisis, and decisions are ranked from considerate of others to decisions that are clear and present danger to self and others (James, 2017, p. 61-62). Ratings are based off of a 1 to 10 model of each facet of affective, behavioral and cognitive. Within affective, one rates anger, fear and sadness. Within behavioral, one rates approach, avoidance and immobility. Within cognitive, one ranks current transgression, perceived future threat and past reflection on loss. In addition, there exists observation questions regarding the person that looks at if the person is on or off medication. Individuals who rate within 3 to 10 total points within assessment are considered minimal impairment and need little direction and can self direct. Those with ratings of 11-15 require some guidance and direction. Those with a score of 16 to 19 are indicative of a person losing more and more control of the situation. Those with scores at 20 are potentially entering into harms way and need intense direction to avoid a lethal range, while those in the upper 20 scores have entered into a lethal range and lethality is present (James, 2017. p. 66).

Conclusion

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals

Crisis Intervention is a structured response to pure and utter chaos. It is mental first aid. While structured it is adaptable and adjustable. Those who are experienced and talented utilize the core concepts and adjust and adapt in the moment. The seven tasks to help a person find balance and mobility are key as well as assessing low impairment and high impairment cases within one’s affective, behavioral and cognitive abilities. Those in crisis intervention whether in police, EMT, social work, mental health, and chaplaincy require empathy, patience and skill to safely deal with those who are harmful to self and others.

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program. Qualified professionals can earn a four year certification to help them within this field. Whether working at a crisis center or trained professionals on the scene, the certification can help give academic and core information that can aid others attempting to work in this high stress but high rewarding field. The program is online and independent study with mentorship as needed

Resources

Bengelsdorf, H., Levy, L. E., Emerson, R. L., & Barile, F. A. (1984). A crisis triage rating scale: Brief dispositional assessment of patients at risk for hospitalization. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172(7), 424–430. Access here

James, R & Gilliand, B. (2017). “Crisis Intervention and Strategies” (8th). Cengage.

Marschall, A. (2023). “How a Crisis Intervention Provides Mental Health Support”. Very Well Mind. Access here

Myer, R. A., Lewis, J. S., & James, R. K. (2013). The introduction of a task model for crisis intervention. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 35(2), 95–107. Access here

Roberts, A. & Ottens, A. (2005). “The Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model: A Road Map to Goal Attainment, Problem Solving, and Crisis Resolution”. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention. Access here

A Closer Look at Crisis Intervention

Posted on October 23, 2024 by Mark Moran

Crisis Intervention is a specialty field that is on the battlefield itself. It is the first aid of those in initial emotional pain and mental disorientation. It involves emergency workers, fire, police, paramedics, but also trained professionals in social work, chaplaincy and mental health. These individuals go to the distressed whether the situation is individual or collective at a local or state level. They meet the emotionally distressed at their home, whether it is due to violent crime, rape, murder, suicide, or sudden death, or to sites where national disasters such as hurricanes have wiped out a person’s home, or to terrorist or shooting sites where communities are left without meaning. Crisis Intervention Specialists look to help individuals find sanity in the insanity and help equip them with the necessary immediate physical, mental, emotional and spiritual care needed to access and find direction. They are not long term specialists for trauma but the first mental health responders to crisis itself.

Those in crisis intervention look to stabilize the person and help them regain emotional balance and the ability to cope when things personal or local disaster strikes

Crisis Intervention stems back the very first Suicide phone line in 1906 and the need for it was escalated with the infamous Coconut Grove Nightclub fire of 1942 (James, 2017, p. 3). The crisis emergency became more apparent with the Community Mental Health Act of 1963 that closed asylums and referred those with mental issues to local mental health services (James, 2017. p. 3-4). Unfortunately, without observation, most suffering from mental trauma, addiction, or minor mental health became the problem of law enforcement and many now find themselves in prisons. The constant and sometimes fatal interactions with mentally unstable individuals with police have led to multiple unfortunate deaths which have called for better mental health accountability by society as well as police training in crisis intervention. With the awakening of post Vietnam PTSD among veterans, addiction, as well as women rights and abuse, the need for crisis intervention grew even more. Today it is a must in a society with many mental maladies that lead to acute instance of crisis.

AIHCP offers a four year certification for those interested in a Crisis Intervention Specialist Certification

What is Crisis?

Crisis definition while sharing key qualities is defined by many mental health professionals. According to James there are a variety of instances that constitute crisis. People can face crisis when obstacle to life goals seems to insurmountable that it leads to despair and disorganization in life. People can face crisis when a traumatic event occurs that totally usurps one’s life and life narrative. People face crisis when a person has no response for the problem or immobilizes them and prevents them from moving forward. People face crisis when fall into anxiety, fear, shock and distress about a disruption in life. People face crisis a loss of psychological equilibrium and emotional instability and imbalance result. People face crisis when they enter into an acute emotional situation arising from external sources that one has temporary inability to cope with or deal with. People face crisis with extraordinary events of disaster and terror or rapidly building stressors that upset the homeostatic balance of the person’s life creating a vulnerable state (2017, p. 9).

James also gives a more precise definition accumulating the above ideas of crisis. He refers to crisis as the “perception or experiencing of an event or situation as intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms. Unless the person obtains relief, the crisis has the potential to cause severe affective, behavioral, cognitive malfunctioning up to the point of instigating injurious or lethal behavior to oneself or others (2017, p. 9)”.

Types of Emergencies

Behavioral emergencies when situations escalate to a point of immediate intervention to avoid death or injury (James, 2017. p. 9). This can include suicide intervention, homicides , lethal situations, abuse, rape, or any type of violent interpersonal behavior. It can be direct or indirect. Sometimes these emergencies occur due to accidents without intent of injury but injury or life risk occurs. In other cases, they can be a product of emotional reaction

Another type of emergency is referred to systemic emergencies that affect organizations, communities or nations. James defines a systemic emergency as a “when a traumatic event occurs such that people, institutions, communities and ecologies are overwhelmed and response systems are unable to effectively contain and control the event in regard to both physical and psychological reactions to it (2017, p.11)”. These can include natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis, earthquakes or tornadoes, as well as terrorist actions, or public shootings. Within all crisis is the possible of it spreading. The term metastasizing crisis is utilized to explain how crisis can outgrow one person and spread to another or how one local crisis can spread to a larger reason. Crisis Intervention teams and emergency response units look to contain crisis through primary prevention as well as secondary intervention policies to prevent as well as minimize.

In all of these cases, the presence of danger exists. Things can change quickly and there are no quick fixes In most of these crises, individuals are faced with choice or no choice. Many are unable to make a choice without help but choosing to do something shows ability to respond and react. Whether an individual is negatively effected by a crisis depends on their individual makeup. Any human being can be victim of a crisis but how one responds depends on interior and exterior characteristics of both the person and the the type of emergency. Resiliency plays a key role in whether one in crisis events and emergencies will go numb, or emotionally instable and uncapable of response. Ultimately beyond exterior and interior sources of a person, it is ultimately one’s perception of the crisis that has a stronger influence than the actual event itself (James, 2017, p. 11-12).

Types of Crisis and Transcrisis States

Within these types of emergencies, there exist numerous types of crisis to the individual. Individuals can suffer from developmental crisis as a result of change throughout life that produces abnormal responses of crisis. Such examples can include the birth of a child, college, a midlife crisis, or even aging (James, 2017, p. 18). In addition to developmental crisis, individuals also face situational crises that are uncommon or extraordinary as to result in inability to respond or cope. Existential crises are far deeper reaching and reach the core of the person’s belief system. Finally, ecosystemic crises involve acts of nature, or human causes evils or disasters that affect individuals or communities (James, 2017. p. 18).

Individuals can experience many different types of crises.

While it is the job of the Crisis Intervention Specialist to help individuals again find balance during crisis, sometimes individuals carry baggage of unresolved issues and current stressors can trigger past unresolved trauma. This is referred to as transcrisis states that can emerge. These states can also occur due to a variety of mental issues ranging from development and unfilled duties, to repressed trauma, as well as addiction which can lead one into crisis when faced with other issues.

James notes however that transcrisis state should not be confused with PTSD which is an identifiable disorder linked to a specific trauma (2017, p. 13). While those with PTSD may be in a transcrisis situation, transcrisis by itself is more vague and due to multiple issues and stressors. The state is one that is residual and reoccurring and always capable of catching fire with a stressor that overflows the cup of the person’s mental abilities.

Basic Crisis Intervention Theories

Lindermann introduced the first basic concepts of Crisis Intervention with his research from survivors from the Coconut Grove Nightclub fire but he focused more solely on normal grief reactions and adjustments to the loss. Caplan, later would view the whole of the traumatic event as crisis beyond grief and loss. Caplan listed the the basic qualities of crisis and adjustment to crisis involving disturbed equilibrium, grief therapy, grief work and restoration of equilibrium (James, 2017, p. 14-15).

Other systems would expand on this basic theory and address certain aspects of psychology of one or more over the other. This included various systems. First, psychoanalytic theory applied the idea of expanded crisis theory beyond general systems that surround the person to also include the individual’s subconscious thoughts and past emotional experiences and how they relate to the current crisis (James, 2017, p. 15). Systems theory instead of looking within the person, emphasized analyzing the interrelationships and interdependence of individuals in crisis or the event and how needs were met within those systems. Via aid and assistance, one can lessen the crisis to the individual or family (James, 2017, p. 16). Ecosystems theory places more emphasis on the macrosystem involving the person, family or community and the interrelated elements and how change to one aspect can lead to disarray for the whole (James, 2017, p. 16). Adaptational Theory focuses on a persons adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies and how good coping will alleviate the crisis sooner than maladaptive reactions. Hence the focus is on how one copes with the issue in a healthy way (James, 2017, p. 16). Interpersonal theory focus on internal locus of the person and the ability to reshape and reframe and find optimism. It is based on empathy and listening as well as the ability to help individuals find confidence that will ultimately defeat the crisis state (James, 2017, p. 17-18). Finally, Developmental theory analyzes how ones development in life has prepared or not prepared an individual for future crisis (James, 2017, p. 18)

Crisis Intervention Models

The three primary models in crisis intervention are the equilibrium model, the cognitive model and psychosocial transition model.

Different models approach crisis from different angles. Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Certification

The Equilibrium model is based off Caplan and identifies crisis state as an emotional and mental imbalance. Their abilities to cope and meet the needs of the crisis are overwhelmed and require assistance in finding equilibrium as opposed to disequilibrium. The goal is to help individuals find balance (James, 2017, p. 19).

The Cognitive model looks to correct faulty thinking in crisis regarding the events surrounding the crisis. The goal is to help the individual become aware of their faulty thinking, reframe and change their views or beliefs about the situation. They are very much connected with CBT (James, 2017, p. 19).

The Psychosocial model states that individuals are a product of their genes, social influences and social environment. When crisis arrives, professionals look to help individuals identify internal behaviors and moods as well external factors which are preventing the individual from utilizing resources or workable alternatives to the crisis at hand (James, 2017, p. 19).

A large part of all models is helping individuals again be able to cope with the problem at hand. Hence the term Psychological First Aid was coined for crisis intervention (James, 2017, p. 20-21). Like stopping the bleeding of the wound, crisis intervention specialists, first responders, emergency relief, social workers, and chaplains are trained to help individuals by meeting basic needs so the person can regain pre-crisis state. US Department of Veteran Affairs, among many, list the most important steps in psychological first aid. Some of these issues also deal with supplying basic safety and security, including shelter and food when necessary as part of basic Maslov needs. Basic Psychological First Aid includes proper contact and engagement which is non-intrusive and compassionate. It should include a sense of safety and comfort. It needs to help stabilize if needed the individual from a mental perspective. It needs to gather information for the needs of the individual and then giving practical assistance for those needs. Furthermore, it entails connecting the individual with social supports such as family, friends as well as informing the individual how to cope with stress and help the person continue to function. Finally, it involves securing for the individual future contacts for aid and help with various services for their particular issue or mental health. (James , 2017, p. 21).

Within this first aid model, the ACT model can play as key guide. One needs to access the problem and understand the needs of the person, connect the person to social support systems and to identify any traumatic reactions or possible future disorders.

Conclusion

Crisis comes in many forms and is universal to all humanity but different people react differently to crisis. Some may lose emotional balance and equilibrium and need immediate care. Those in emergency services, chaplaincy, social work, or disaster relief need to understand the nature of crisis and how to help individuals in the moment regain that emotional equilibrium. While different crisis range and different models exist to help others, crisis intervention is similar to emotional first aid in that it looks to stop the immediate emotional bleeding and help the person again regain control of the situation and be able to cope. While this only deals with the first phase of a long recovery, like all emergency and acute situations, it is vital for many to be able to survive the initial blast of crisis at during different times.

Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study with mentorship as needed. The program is and to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification who work in human services, mental health and healthcare professionals, social work, chaplaincy, nursing, emergency call centers, first responders, and disaster relief teams.

Resource

James, R. & Gilliland, B. (2017). Crisis Intervention Strategies (8th)”. Cengage

Additional Resources

Boscarino, J. (2015). “Community Disasters, Psychological Trauma, and Crisis Intervention”. Published in final edited form as: Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2015. National Library of Medicine. Access here

Ford, J. D. (2021). Essential elements of crisis intervention. In J. D. Ford, Crises in the psychotherapy session: Transforming critical moments into turning points (pp. 63–79). American Psychological Association. Access here

Valeii, K. (2024). “Psychological First Aid: How It’s Used”. Very Well Health. Access here

Wang, D & Gupta, V. (2023). “Crisis Intervention”. National Library of Medicine. Access here

“What to Do In a Crisis”. NAMI. Access here

Crisis Intervention Specialist: Essential Skills and Training

Posted on July 15, 2024 by Dominick Flarey

By – James M. Katz, BA

In the face of a crisis, having skilled professionals equipped with the right tools and knowledge can be a lifesaver—literally. This is where the role of a Crisis Intervention Specialist becomes crucial. They are the frontline responders who address mental health crises, employing suicide prevention techniques, providing trauma-informed care, and executing crisis management strategies. Their work is vital in navigating individuals through their darkest moments, ensuring safety and facilitating the path towards healing and stability. Understanding what a Crisis Intervention Specialist does and why their work is so important showcases the critical nature of their role in our communities.

This article will explore the path to becoming a Crisis Intervention Specialist, beginning with the required educational background and moving through the professional certification process. It will delve into the key skills necessary for success in the field, including crisis intervention techniques, intervention strategies, and the ability to define crisis intervention effectively. Additionally, the training path, including crisis intervention training and crisis intervention programs, will be discussed to provide a comprehensive overview of how professionals are prepared for this demanding yet rewarding career. On-the-job training and experience, financial aspects of pursuing this career, and career development and advancement opportunities will further delineate what it takes and what it offers to those who choose this path of service.
A crisis intervention specialist is a mental health professional who helps people during difficult and traumatic times. They provide support, hope, and care to individuals, families, and communities facing serious challenges. These specialists work in various settings, such as schools, hospitals, and community organizations, to offer immediate help and counseling to those in need.

Key Takeaways

Crisis intervention specialists support people in serious and traumatic situations.
They work in many places like hospitals, schools, and community centers.
Key skills include communication, problem-solving, and emotional resilience.
Educational paths include relevant degrees, certifications, and ongoing training.
Their work has a big impact on individuals and communities, offering immediate help and building resilience.

What is a Crisis Intervention Specialist?

Definition and Scope

A Crisis Intervention Specialist is a highly trained professional equipped to offer counseling, assessment, and treatment to individuals experiencing a crisis. These specialists, also known as crisis interventionists, are qualified mental health professionals with specialized training to support, provide hope, and deliver healthcare to individuals, families, and communities facing serious and often traumatic circumstances.

Key Responsibilities

The responsibilities of a Crisis Intervention Specialist are diverse and demanding. They assess and treat individuals with mental, emotional, or substance abuse problems, including issues related to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs. https://www.franklin.edu/career-guide/mental-health-and-substance-abuse-social-workers/what-do-crisis-intervention-specialists-do This role may involve a variety of tasks such as individual and group therapy, crisis intervention, case management, client advocacy, prevention, and education.

Crisis Specialists often operate from private home offices, using telecommuting hardware and software to provide telephonic and text-based emotional support and resources. They are expected to manage documentation, access resources via web-based platforms, and provide strengths-based, unbiased crisis counseling to all individuals who reach out for help. Ensuring the highest standards for the delivery of evidence-based or evidence-informed crisis support, including suicide prevention and intervention, is a critical part of their job.

Additionally, these professionals must maintain professionalism in their workspace and ensure the privacy and confidentiality of each caller’s information. They actively participate in on-the-job professional development opportunities and remain flexible to new job duty assignments. Crisis Intervention Specialists work in various settings including crisis call centers, schools, government-based or military organizations, and mental health facilities such as hospitals and clinics. Some may travel extensively to respond to crises at different locations, while others might work remotely.

Their clinical skills include mental health and substance use counseling, behavioral analysis, rapid assessment, and verbal de-escalation, while crucial soft skills comprise empathy, patience, good communication, and problem-solving abilities.

Conducting Assessments and Evaluations

Crisis intervention specialists are trained to assess and evaluate individuals in distress. They quickly determine the severity of the situation and identify the immediate needs of the person in crisis. This helps in creating an effective plan to address the issue at hand.

Providing Immediate Support and Counseling

These specialists offer immediate support and counseling to those facing traumatic or high-stress situations. They provide a listening ear and practical advice, helping individuals navigate through their crisis moments.

Coordinating with Other Professionals

Crisis intervention specialists often work with other professionals, such as doctors, social workers, and law enforcement officers. This collaboration ensures that the person in crisis receives comprehensive care and support from various angles.

Essential Skills for Crisis Intervention Specialists

Communication and Interpersonal Skills

Crisis intervention specialists must be excellent communicators. They need to listen carefully and speak clearly to help people in tough situations. Good communication helps build trust and understanding. This is important when working with individuals, families, or groups.

Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking

These specialists often face complex problems that need quick solutions. They must think on their feet and come up with effective plans. Being able to solve problems quickly can make a big difference in a crisis.

Emotional Resilience and Self-Care

Working in crisis situations can be very stressful. Specialists need to stay calm and strong, even when things are tough. Taking care of their own mental health is also important so they can keep helping others.

Work Environments for Crisis Intervention Specialists

Hospitals and Mental Health Clinics

Crisis intervention specialists often work in hospitals and mental health clinics, where they provide immediate support to patients experiencing severe emotional distress. These professionals are crucial in stabilizing individuals and preventing further psychological harm. They collaborate with medical staff to ensure comprehensive care.

Schools and Educational Institutions

In schools, crisis intervention specialists help students who are dealing with emotional or behavioral issues. They work closely with teachers and counselors to create a safe and supportive environment. Their role is vital in addressing crises that can impact a student’s ability to learn and thrive.

Community and Government Organizations

Specialists in crisis intervention also find roles in community and government organizations. Here, they assist individuals and families facing various crises, from natural disasters to personal emergencies. Their work helps strengthen community resilience and provides essential support during challenging times.

Required Educational Background

Degrees and Majors

The journey to becoming a Crisis Intervention Specialist begins with obtaining a bachelor’s degree. Prospective students often select majors that include psychology, sociology, gender and women’s studies, education, or social work . While a bachelor’s degree allows one to work in crisis intervention, it restricts direct one-on-one patient interactions. For those aiming to engage in individual intervention counseling, a master’s degree in social work or psychology becomes essential. Further educational advancement can lead to more specialized roles. Some individuals may choose to pursue a Ph.D., which not only enhances professional opportunities but also facilitates careers in academia or as crisis intervention instructors. This level of education involves significant contributions to the field, such as publishing in peer-reviewed journals.

Continuing Education

Continuing education plays a pivotal role in the career of a Crisis Intervention Specialist. Certifications, often pursued through reputable organizations like the American Institute of Health Care Professionals, are crucial for professional development. These certifications may cover various areas including intervention theory, treatment planning, nonviolent crisis intervention, and more.

The American Institute of Health Care Professionals, for instance, offers a comprehensive Continuing Education program that leads to Certification in Crisis Intervention Consulting. This program consists of seven courses, each provided in a dedicated online classroom with one-to-one faculty mentoring. The certification process underscores the importance of staying updated with the latest developments in healthcare, which is crucial for delivering effective patient care.
Moreover, some certifications, like the CIC-Cusp, require a minimum of 50 hours of continuing education within a four-year period to maintain the certification status. This ongoing learning is essential not only for personal growth but also for adhering to the evolving standards of crisis intervention practice.

Professional Certification Process

Types of Certifications

To become a recognized Crisis Intervention Specialist, individuals must obtain certification from a reputable professional organization. This certification is an official acknowledgment that the individual has met all the established standards set by the organization. Unlike licensure, which is government-regulated, certification is granted by professional bodies and does not adhere to any laws. For instance, the Crisis Specialist Certification is awarded after participants successfully pass a certification exam, which requires a minimum score of 80%. Candidates are allowed two attempts to pass this exam, and failing to do so necessitates retaking the course.
The American Institute of Health Care Professionals offers a model where certification is based on a core curriculum of Continuing Education (CE) Courses. This ensures that all certified members possess up-to-date knowledge and skills pertinent to their specialty. Certification in various areas such as intervention theory, treatment planning, nonviolent crisis intervention, and more, demonstrates an applicant’s expertise beyond a general degree and is highly valued in professional settings.

Maintaining Certification

Maintaining certification is crucial for a Crisis Intervention Specialist to ensure they remain competent and effective in their role. Certified professionals are required to undergo recertification every few years. This process involves completing additional training and passing the exam anew to stay aligned with the latest research and best practices. Continual learning and adherence to evolving standards are emphasized through required continuing education credits. These credits must be accumulated as per the certifying body’s standards to maintain certification status. Continuing education serves multiple purposes; it keeps professionals abreast of the latest developments in their field, maintains their skills, meets licensure requirements where applicable, and ultimately enhances patient care. The commitment to ongoing education reflects a professional’s dedication to their craft and their ability to provide the highest standard of care. In conclusion, the certification process for Crisis Intervention Specialists not only validates professional competence but also ensures continual growth and adherence to the highest standards of practice.

Key Skills for Success

Interpersonal Skills

Interpersonal skills are crucial for a Crisis Intervention Specialist, as they often act as the first point of contact in crisis situations. Effective communication is essential, not just in conveying information but also in de-escalating potential crises. Specialists need to be articulate and confident, capable of handling high-stress situations with clarity and composure. They should also be adept at building relationships and fostering trust quickly, which can be pivotal in crisis resolution. Demonstrating empathy and maintaining professionalism are key, as these traits help create a safe space for individuals in distress, allowing them to feel understood and supported.

Problem-Solving Abilities

Crisis Intervention Specialists must excel in problem-solving, particularly under pressure. The ability to analyze situations quickly, identify key issues, and implement effective solutions is fundamental. This requires not only a thorough understanding of crisis intervention techniques but also the ability to think critically and make decisions swiftly. The nature of crises means that no two situations are the same, thus flexibility and adaptability are essential. Specialists must be prepared to alter their strategies as situations evolve, ensuring that their interventions are responsive and effective.

Stress Management

Managing personal stress is equally important for Crisis Intervention Specialists. The role involves frequent exposure to highly stressful and emotionally charged situations, which can take a toll on one’s mental and physical health. Effective stress management strategies are necessary to maintain personal well-being and professional effectiveness. This includes recognizing the signs of stress, employing techniques such as deep breathing or mindfulness, and ensuring adequate rest and recovery. Specialists must also be adept at managing organizational stress, anticipating potential crisis impacts, and preparing accordingly to mitigate adverse effects on the organization and its members.

By mastering these key skills, Crisis Intervention, Specialists can provide essential support and guidance, helping individuals navigate through their most challenging moments while also maintaining their own health and resilience.

Challenges Faced by Crisis Intervention Specialists

High-Stress Situations

Crisis intervention specialists often find themselves in the middle of very stressful situations. They need to stay calm and think clearly, even when things are chaotic. Handling these high-pressure moments is a big part of their job.

Emotional and Psychological Impact

Working with people in crisis can take a toll on a specialist’s own emotions and mental health. They might feel sad or stressed after helping someone through a tough time. It’s important for them to find ways to cope with these feelings.

Managing Work-Life Balance

Balancing work and personal life can be hard for crisis intervention specialists. Their job can be demanding, with long hours and unexpected calls for help. Finding time to relax and spend with family is crucial to avoid burnout.

Impact of Crisis Intervention Specialists on Communities

Supporting Individuals in Crisis

Crisis intervention specialists play a crucial role in helping people during their most difficult times. They offer immediate support and guidance, helping individuals navigate through their crises. Their presence can make a significant difference in the lives of those struggling with mental, emotional, or substance abuse issues. By providing timely assistance, they help prevent situations from escalating further.

Strengthening Community Resilience

These specialists not only support individuals but also contribute to the overall resilience of the community. They work to build stronger support networks and educate the public on how to handle crises. This proactive approach helps communities become better prepared to face future challenges, fostering a sense of unity and strength.

Collaborating with Local Resources

Crisis intervention specialists often collaborate with local resources such as schools, hospitals, and community organizations. This teamwork ensures that individuals in crisis receive comprehensive care and support. By working together, they can address the various needs of those affected and provide a more holistic approach to crisis management.

Financial Aspects of the Career

Salaries and Benefits

The financial rewards of a career as a Crisis Intervention Specialist can vary widely based on several factors including the individual’s level of education, certifications, and specific job role within the field. Typically, entry-level positions may offer a starting salary range from $30,000 to $40,000 annually. However, those with advanced degrees and specialized certifications can expect significantly higher compensation, potentially exceeding $70,000 per year. In addition to salary, benefits play a crucial role in the overall compensation package for Crisis Intervention Specialists. Common benefits include health insurance, paid leave, and retirement plans. Some employers also offer tuition reimbursement programs, which are particularly beneficial for those pursuing ongoing education or additional certifications. These benefits not only provide financial security but also support the specialist’s career development and personal well-being.

Geographical Differences

Salaries and employment opportunities for Crisis Intervention Specialists can also be influenced by geographical location. Urban areas typically offer higher salaries compared to rural settings due to the higher cost of living and the greater demand for mental health services in densely populated regions. For instance, specialists working in cities such as New York or San Francisco may earn more than their counterparts in smaller towns or rural areas.
Moreover, some states and regions may have higher concentrations of employment opportunities in this field, often correlated with larger populations and more extensive healthcare systems. This geographic variability means that those willing to relocate may find more lucrative or plentiful job opportunities, which can significantly impact career trajectory and earnings potential.

By understanding these financial aspects, individuals interested in becoming Crisis Intervention Specialists can better plan their career paths and financial goals, ensuring they are adequately prepared for the varied opportunities and challenges in this field.

Career Development and Advancement Opportunities

Advanced Roles

Pursuing advanced degrees such as a master’s in counseling or psychology can significantly broaden a specialist’s scope of practice, enabling them to handle more complex cases and work in diverse settings. Specialists with a master’s degree are equipped to engage more directly with patients and are often preferred for positions that require individual patient interactions.

Moreover, obtaining a Ph.D. can propel a Crisis Intervention Specialist into higher echelons of their career, such as academic positions or roles as crisis intervention instructors. This level of education demands significant contributions to the field, including publishing in peer-reviewed journals and mastering the discipline’s fundamental principles. Such advanced roles not only enhance professional growth but also expand the range of career opportunities available in both public and private sectors, as well as in nonprofit organizations. Through these structured educational and certification paths, Crisis Intervention Specialists are well-prepared to advance in their careers, continually enhancing their ability to provide effective support and intervention during crises.

Career Advancement Opportunities for Crisis Intervention Specialists

Leadership and Supervisory Roles

Crisis intervention specialists can move up to leadership positions where they manage teams and oversee programs. These roles often involve guiding less experienced staff and ensuring the quality of services provided. This step up not only brings more responsibility but also the chance to shape the direction of crisis intervention efforts.

Specialization in Specific Populations

Some specialists choose to focus on working with particular groups, such as children, veterans, or individuals with substance abuse issues. Specializing allows them to develop deeper expertise and provide more targeted support. This path can lead to becoming a recognized expert in that area, opening doors to new opportunities.

Engagement in Research and Policy Development

Another avenue for career growth is getting involved in research and policy-making. By contributing to studies and helping to shape policies, crisis intervention specialists can influence the broader field. This work not only advances their careers but also helps improve practices and outcomes for those in crisis.

Conclusion

Through an in-depth examination of the journey to becoming a Crisis Intervention Specialist, this article has elucidated the pivotal roles these professionals play in offering support during crises. Emphasizing the critical skills, requisite educational background, and the importance of continuous professional development and certification, it is clear that becoming a Crisis Intervention Specialist requires dedication, compassion, and a high degree of specialized training. Notably, the article showcased how these specialists not only provide invaluable support to individuals in dire need but also contribute significantly to the broader framework of mental health services.

The significance of ongoing education and the pursuit of advanced certifications underscore a commitment to excellence and an understanding of the evolving nature of crisis intervention. This field, which demands both personal resilience and deep empathy, offers professionals a unique opportunity to make a profound impact on lives during moments of vulnerability. As the landscape of mental health and crisis intervention continues to evolve, the dedication of those who choose this path remains an essential beacon of hope for individuals and communities navigating the complexities of crises.

If you’re a mental healthcare professional and want to become a Crisis Intervention Specialist then please review our Crisis Intervention Counseling Certification Program. Our program requires a student to complete 7 online Crisis Intervention Courses in order to qualify for certification. For more details, please visit our Online Crisis Intervention Counseling Certification program.

FAQs

What are the fundamental principles guiding crisis intervention?
The four core principles of crisis intervention include: (1) immediate intervention to stabilize the affected individual or community post-event; (2) helping the victim understand the events that occurred; (3) assisting in problem-solving within feasible limits; and (4) promoting self-reliance to aid in recovery.
What roles do crisis intervention specialists play?
Crisis intervention specialists engage in various roles, such as: providing affective interventions to help clients express their emotions related to the crisis; offering cognitive interventions to eliminate negative beliefs contributing to the crisis; assigning behavioral tasks, like encouraging social interactions; and more.
What qualities make an effective crisis worker?
Effective crisis workers possess several key characteristics, including the ability to empathize with clients while maintaining professional detachment, a nonjudgmental attitude, a nonreactive demeanor, a high tolerance for stressful situations, and specialized training in crisis intervention.
What responsibilities does a crisis intervention specialist have?
A Crisis Intervention Specialist is responsible for assessing and treating individuals with mental, emotional, or substance abuse issues. This can include managing alcohol, tobacco, or drug abuse problems through individual and group therapy, crisis management, case management, client advocacy, and providing educational and preventive measures.
What is a crisis intervention specialist?
A crisis intervention specialist is a trained professional who helps people in serious and often traumatic situations. They provide support, hope, and healthcare to individuals, families, and communities.
Where do crisis intervention specialists work?
Crisis intervention specialists can work in many places, like hospitals, mental health clinics, schools, community organizations, and crisis call centers.
What skills are important for a crisis intervention specialist?
Important skills include good communication, problem-solving, critical thinking, emotional strength, and self-care.
What education is needed to become a crisis intervention specialist?
You usually need a relevant degree, like in psychology or social work, and specialized training. Continuing education is also important to keep up with new methods.
How do crisis intervention specialists help communities?
They support people in crisis, help make communities stronger, and work with local resources to provide better care.

Research Articles:

Fortifying the Foundations: A Comprehensive Approach to Enhancing Mental Health Support in Educational Policies Amidst Crises. Wiedermann CJ, Et Al. Healthcare. 2023; 11(10):1423.
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Police, ambulance and psychiatric co-response versus usual care for mental health and suicide emergency callouts: A quasi-experimental study. Every-Palmer S, Et Al. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2023;57(4):572-582.
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The Missing Piece: A Population Health Perspective to Address the U.S. Mental Health Crisis. Laura Sampson, Et Al. Daedalus 2023; 152 (4): 24–44.
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Students’ Perceptions of Crisis Intervention: Using a Trauma Informed Approach Versus Restraint. Mary Triana, Millcreek Township School District Eric Bieniek, Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania. 35TH ANNUAL NYAR CONFERENCE (MARCH 3-6, 2024)
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