alternative and holistic nursing methods

How Adventure Supports Physical and Mental Health Recovery Programs

Posted on by Joseph Gerard

Group of friends walking with backpacks in sunsetWritten by Veronica Turner.

Adventure-based therapy uses outdoor activities to help individuals improve their physical and mental health. It taps into the natural human desire for exploration and challenge and incorporates hiking, climbing, orienteering, and other adventure sports.

This approach aims to build confidence and encourage movement in engaging ways. According to it, focusing on practical experiences outdoors allows patients to push their boundaries while feeling connected with nature.

Today’s article will examine how adventure therapy integrates with physical health recovery programs. We’ll also explore various strategies that utilize recreational activities as therapeutic tools for healing processes.

Whether you’re considering new methods for patient care or looking to broaden your understanding of existing ones, read along as we unravel this innovative approach’s potential to enhance recovery outcomes.

 

What is Adventure Therapy?

The term defines a therapeutic approach involving experiential outdoor activities to promote psychological, physical, and social wellness.

Even though it sounds like a modern approach to mental health, we can trace its practices back to the 1800s. Back then, physicians often recommended fresh air and outdoor activities for various ailments, especially mental health ones. The belief was that nature could restore balance and health.

Based on this belief, a few healthcare institutions that treated mental illnesses (like Friends Hospital in Philadelphia, which still uses nature as a healing factor) decided to create a holistic environment that would allow patients to connect with nature.

The results were so positive that the idea persisted until the 21st century, when it became what we now call adventure therapy.

 

Who Is It For?

Adventure therapy is aimed at people suffering from anxiety, depression, PTSD, or trauma, but it can be efficient in treating substance abuse or helping people deal with loss.

Studies have shown that outdoor activities like hiking or climbing promote grounding techniques, which help participants dealing with PTSD (especially combat-related) reconnect with their bodies in the present moment.

For those dealing with substance use disorders, adventure therapy encourages healthy coping mechanisms.

In this case, walking in the Picos de Europa (for example) allows patients to face challenges that mimic life’s difficulties without substances. Additionally, they can connect with other people since this is a hut-to-hut trek that includes country houses and old farms managed by locals.

There are also studies that show physical exercise through mountain trekking, or hiking can help reduce the risk in suicidal patients.

Youth experiencing behavioral issues often benefit from these structured outdoor interventions. The setting encourages teamwork and communication while offering safe spaces to express emotions constructively.

Adventure therapy can also be a great option for physical health recovery sessions and boosting fitness. These activities help strengthen participants’ cardiovascular systems, improve flexibility, and build muscular strength.

As a result, participants can sleep better and boost energy levels, which helps speed up healing and recovery.

Lastly, some studies found that adventure therapy also supports people managing eating disorders by fostering positive body awareness through non-competitive physical activities.

 

How Does It Work?

Adventure therapy is not meant to replace traditional treatments. Its primary purpose is to complement existing therapies by boosting self-esteem, improving emotional regulation skills, and nurturing interpersonal relationships within natural settings.

This method is particularly beneficial for those who thrive on experiential learning or are open to non-traditional therapies. Also, depending on activities and time length, there are several different types of adventure therapy.

The main types are:

  • Wilderness therapy – An immersive, part-time program set in remote natural settings. Over about 10 weeks, participants engage in group activities that encourage personal growth and self-discovery. Groups remain consistent throughout the program unless someone exits, fostering a stable community environment.
  • Adventure-based therapy – Usually happens near existing treatment centers, such as residential or intensive outpatient programs. It offers flexibility since group members may vary over time as individuals enter or leave treatment. Activities can occur outdoors or indoors, accommodating diverse therapeutic needs within a familiar setting.
  • Long-term residential camping – Programs extend up to a year and place individuals in outdoor camps or mobile units for an extended period. Participants learn valuable skills like healthy peer interactions and coping mechanisms for everyday stressors. This approach encourages introspection by highlighting the effects of one’s actions within supportive communities.

Regardless of type, the immersive nature of outdoor activities promotes self-reflection. It allows participants to step outside their comfort zones in supportive environments, enhancing self-esteem and coping skills.

 

What Activities Are Part of Adventure Therapy?

Activities will vary from one program to another as therapists must take into account participants’ physical condition and individual preferences. Plus, every person’s response to diverse stimuli is unique.

In general, adventure therapy includes activities such as:

 

  • Hiking and/or trekking
  • Backpacking
  • Swimming
  • Camping
  • Rock climbing
  • Cycling or mountain biking
  • Paddleboarding
  • White water rafting
  • Obstacle course
  • Kayaking or canoeing
  • Orienteering

The main purpose of these activities is to promote physical fitness and mindfulness while building communication and enhancing problem-solving skills. Some more challenging activities, like rock climbing or white water rafting, are meant to challenge fears and build self-confidence.

 

Is Adventure Therapy Effective?

Adventure therapy thrives on engaging participants beyond traditional therapy’s constraints. Its effectiveness is rooted in several core principles that promote personal growth and insight.

For instance, one standout aspect is the action-oriented approach. Unlike conventional therapy, which can feel isolated and confined, this method unfolds outdoors, allowing therapists to observe more. Body language and interactions are essential components of understanding the individual holistically.

Additionally, adventure therapy nudges people out of their comfort zones by placing them in unfamiliar environments. This shift fosters fresh perspectives and reduces resistance to change, which can be critical for meaningful transformation.

Introducing controlled stress also plays a crucial role. Participants face challenges that reveal their capacity for positive change, reinforcing confidence in new behaviors and attitudes. The setting allows therapists to comprehensively assess clients’ natural behaviors by observing patterns outside standard settings.

Small group dynamics are another powerful element. These groups nurture community bonds where mutual needs are acknowledged, demonstrating collective progress over time. Furthermore, focusing on successes rather than deficits encourages strength-based growth.

Lastly, with therapists participating equally in activities alongside clients, both parties have a sense of equality. This changes the narrative where the therapist is the clear observer, and the patient is the one being analyzed, enhancing rapport and engagement.

In summary, yes, adventure therapy is effective. It promotes growth by engaging participants in real-world settings, reducing resistance to change, encouraging strength-based development, and building community through small-group interactions.

 

Pros and Cons of Adventure Therapy

Based on existing research and literature, adventure therapy offers numerous benefits. It fosters a sense of responsibility and encourages building positive relationships. Participants develop social skills such as communication and conflict resolution, which enhance cooperation with others.

The therapy also boosts self-awareness and confidence while increasing physical and psychological resilience. It promotes active engagement in therapeutic processes, encouraging openness and emotional exploration.

Real-life challenges provide meaningful opportunities for growth, decreasing depression and anxiety symptoms and improving overall well-being. Additionally, adventure therapy teaches healthy coping mechanisms, including stress management techniques.

Still, there are a few aspects both individuals seeking help and therapists should consider. First, there’s the accessibility issue. Remote locations and outdoor settings may not be easily accessible for everyone, especially those with physical limitations or on a tight budget.

Speaking of budget, these programs can be quite expensive due to logistics, trained staff, and specialized equipment. Short-term programs might range from $500 to $2,000 weekly, depending on program length, location, and services offered.

On the other hand, wilderness or residential camping programs often run higher due to extended durations and specialized staff, with costs reaching up to $30,000 or more for several months.

There are also some additional risk factors that don’t show up in traditional therapy sessions. Outdoor activities carry inherent risks that need careful management and planning. Plus, unfavorable weather conditions can mess up a program’s success, making participation challenging.

Lastly, not all individuals thrive in unstructured environments; some may find traditional therapy more effective.

All these factors are essential when designing the best therapeutic approach for each individual’s needs.

 

Is Adventure Therapy Here to Stay?

Given that we’ve been practicing adventure therapy, in one way or another, since the 1800s, it’s safe to say that this approach to mental and physical health will continue to help many people moving forward.

Technology also plays a key role in this evolution. For instance, with the help of virtual reality, therapists can now simulate outdoor experiences for those unable to access traditional settings, expanding reach and inclusivity.

Integrating data analytics will make it easier to create personalized treatment plans by simply tracking participants’ progress through wearable devices during activities. This real-time feedback aids therapists in tailoring interventions effectively.

Sustainability becomes central as programs emphasize environmental stewardship alongside personal growth. Participants learn conservation principles while engaging with nature, fostering responsibility toward both their well-being and the planet’s health.

Collaborations across disciplines enhance this approach further – blending elements from art therapy or mindfulness practices introduces holistic dimensions into adventure-based experiences.

Increasingly diverse populations are finding value here, too – from veterans reintegration into civilian life to corporate teams seeking leadership development outside conventional boardrooms.

 

Wrap Up

Adventure therapy transforms lives by immersing participants in nature’s healing embrace. It offers unique challenges that encourage personal growth and resilience, empowering individuals to confront real-world obstacles.

This approach revitalizes therapeutic practices, blending traditional methods with innovative outdoor experiences for a future where healing and exploration go hand-in-hand.

 

Author Bio: Veronica Turner is a health and lifestyle writer with over 10 years of experience. She creates compelling content on nutrition, fitness, mental health, and overall wellness.

References

Jacobs, |By Sam. (2024, June 11). Human potential movement – what is IT & how it started. Spread Great Ideas. https://spreadgreatideas.org/glossary/human-potential-movement/

Lackey, N. Q., Tysor, D. A., McNay, G. D., Joyner, L., Baker, K. H., & Hodge, C. (2019). Mental health benefits of nature-based recreation: a systematic review. Annals of Leisure Research, 24(3), 379–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2019.1655459

Gelkopf, M., Hasson-Ohayon, I., Bikman, M., & Kravetz, S. (2013). Nature adventure rehabilitation for combat-related posttraumatic chronic stress disorder: a randomized control trial. Psychiatry research, 209(3), 485–493.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178113000474

Sturm, J., Plöderl, M., Fartacek, C., Kralovec, K., Neunhäuserer, D., Niederseer, D., Hitzl, W., Niebauer, J., Schiepek, G., & Fartacek, R. (2012). Physical exercise through mountain hiking in high-risk suicide patients. A randomized crossover trial. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 126(6), 467–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01860.x

Bowen, D. J., Crisp, S. J. R., & Neill, J. T. (2016, May 13). Wilderness adventure therapy affects the mental health of Youth participants. Evaluation and Program Planning. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149718915300094

Arnold, S. C. (1994). Transforming Body Image Through Women’s Wilderness Experiences. Women & Therapy, 15(3–4), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1300/J015v15n03_05

 

 

Please also review AIHCP’s Holistic Nursing Certification programs and see if it meets your academic and professional goals.  These programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification

5 Spectacular Benefits of Hydrotherapy for People with PMLD

Posted on by Joseph Gerard

Side view of wet-haired adult woman with eyes closed in bubbled water in spaWritten by Peter Rossi, in collaboration with Dr David McConaghy.

 

Nowadays, in the circles of doctors and medical experts, the therapeutic approach of hydrotherapy doesn’t go unheeded. It is based on warm water immersion and controlled movements, and it’s known for having many benefits for those facing the complex challenges of PMLD.

“Hydrotherapy can be used in any situation where someone has an injury or ailment that causes discomfort,” says doctor David McConaughey, who has been deeply engaged in scientific research on the effects of this form of therapy.

If you’ve always been keen on spending time in the soothing water and would like to try such a type of therapy but simply don’t know where to start, a high-quality hot tub is exactly what you need! Therefore, Hot Tub Reviews by the professional hot tub designer Peter Rossi might assist you in choosing the perfect option.

But if you want to take a deep dive into the topic of how hydrotherapy can help people with PMLD, this article is for you. Here, we’ll bring light to how the therapeutic properties of water, buoyancy, and sensory experiences can lead to muscle relaxation, sensory stimulation, pain management, cardiovascular health, social interaction, and emotional well-being.

 

What is PMLD?

PMLD, or Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities, is a term used to describe a severe and complex level of disability. According to fundamental studies, individuals with PMLD are profoundly limited in their understanding because of their substantial intellectual disability, which is shown by an estimated IQ of less than 20 [1]. Due to this fact, it is often extremely difficult for them to communicate with others.

Besides, people with PMLD usually may have multiple physical disabilities, including hearing, vision, and movement impairments as well as other issues, such as epilepsy and autism. Most members of them are unable to move without help, and many others have complicated medical conditions that require intensive care [1]. However, even though people with such a diagnosis face significant difficulties, it is important to recognize their inherent value and potential for growth and development.

 

  1. Improved Muscle Relaxation

When individuals with PMLD step into the warm water, the magic of hydrotherapy begins since the principle of buoyancy starts to work. Scientifically, buoyancy is the force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.

In simple words, when you’re in the water, the weight of your bones and muscles is reduced because the water practically supports your body. Such a process tends to reduce swelling and promote muscle relaxation [2]. It can be especially beneficial for people with PMLD, who often experience muscle stiffness and tension.

Also, let’s not forget that hydrotherapy sessions often involve carefully structured movements and exercises. Such movements take advantage of the water’s viscosity and resistance. When individuals move against this resistance in the water, their muscles engage in isometric and isotonic contractions, which stimulate muscle strengthening and flexibility.

Isometric contractions involve muscle tension without changes in muscle length, while isotonic ones make muscles shorten or lengthen while they are under tension. Both types contribute to improved muscle tone and mobility.

 

  1. Enhanced Sensory Stimulation

The interesting thing about hydrotherapy is that it engages multiple senses simultaneously. So, as soon as individuals with PMLD are immersed in warm water, they meet a whole range of sensory delights.

Firstly, the temperature of warm water can have a soothing effect on the nervous system, helping them to calm and relax. Also, various sounds of water in motion, like splashes and bubbling, can help people with PMLD tune into their surroundings. And, of course, the designs of hydrotherapy settings are often very aesthetically pleasant, and they can enhance the overall sensory experience as well.

Also, for people with PMLD, who may have heightened or diminished sensory responses, hydrotherapy can be an effective way to help them find a balance. The sensory input in a controlled environment can promote relaxation and improve sensory regulation.

Besides, it’s been proved by a lot of studies that hydrotherapy sessions lead to increased alertness and a sense of calmness in individuals with PMLD. For instance, in one of the studies conducted in 2011 with the participation of a patient with Parkinson’s disease, it was revealed that the patient got significant improvement in postural stability after aquatic therapy [3].

 

  1. Pain Management and Comfort

Many individuals with PMLD experience a considerable decrease in pain, and hydrotherapy sessions are capable of bringing them overall comfort.

How does it all work? Well, when immersed in warm water, the blood circulation increases, improving blood flow to sore or tense muscles and therefore reducing pain and discomfort. Moreover, the buoyant force of the water counteracts gravity, and due to this, it helps to reduce the pressure on joints, offering a reprieve from daily discomfort. This is especially beneficial for individuals with conditions who constantly suffer from joint pain.

Furthermore, in 2008, there was a research which contained the comparative analysis of water-based and land-based exercises for their ability to reduce pain. Eventually, it turned out that water-based exercise was superior to land-based exercise for relieving pain before and after walking [4].

Except for the physical benefits, hydrotherapy helps with stress reduction. For individuals with PMLD who may experience high levels of stress due to their condition, the calming properties of warm water can be a real salvation.

 

  1. Improved Circulation and Cardiovascular Health

One of the key factors in hydrotherapy’s impact on circulation is hydrostatic pressure, which is the force exerted on the body by the water. This pressure increases with the depth of immersion and, therefore, promotes better blood circulation throughout the body. It can be especially beneficial for people with PMLD who may face challenges related to blood flow.

Also, the warm water used in hydrotherapy sessions contributes to cardiovascular health. It causes blood vessels to expand, which lowers blood pressure and reduces strain on the heart. Such a gentle cardiovascular workout can improve heart function over time.

All these facts can be confirmed by the results of numerous studies. In particular, it was scientifically proven that various forms of hydrotherapy can improve cardiac function and also increase peripheral circulation in cerebral palsy [5].

What is also interesting is that hydrotherapy exercises performed in water are truly a unique form of cardiovascular exercise. The buoyant water reduces the impact on joints and, at the same time, provides resistance to movements. It gives a person who performs these exercises an excellent opportunity to strengthen the heart and improve overall cardiovascular fitness.

 

  1. Social Interaction and Emotional Well-being

Beyond its physical benefits, hydrotherapy gives individuals with PMLD a wonderful opportunity to develop the social and emotional aspects of their health. Increased engagement, reduced anxiety, and a greater sense of belonging – all of these can be observed thanks to the effects of hydrotherapy. How does it work?

First of all, hydrotherapy sessions often take place in a group setting, where people can interact with their peers and therapists. Moreover, hydrotherapy usually provides various activities where participants can engage with one another. It gives people with PMLD many opportunities to communicate and form strong connections.

Secondly, given the fact that individuals with PMLD sometimes are very limited in expressing their emotions, hydrotherapy can help to solve this problem as well. The thing is that the combination of the warm, calming water and the support of therapists can create a sense of security and trust. Therefore, such a pleasant environment can lead to increased emotional well-being.

And finally, since PMLD sometimes leads to feelings of isolation, hydrotherapy sessions can make people with such struggles feel real support and love. As a result, it can reduce these feelings of isolation and enhance emotional well-being.

 

In Conclusion

As you might have already got it, hydrotherapy makes true wonders. This special kind of treatment uses water to provide relief and comfort. It can be incredibly beneficial for a lot of people, and in particular for those who suffer from PMLD. It can help them improve muscle relaxation, sensory stimulation, pain management, blood circulation, cardiovascular health, and many more.

Yet, hydrotherapy is more than just physical therapy; it is a huge source of social interactions and emotional well-being. It provides individuals with PMLD the opportunity to communicate with their peers, build connections, and find joy in the warm embrace of water.

As you’ve learned about the five spectacular benefits of hydrotherapy for people with PMLD, you can now understand that this therapeutic approach is not a simple treatment. It is a way to a better and more comfortable quality of life.

References

  1. Boxall K. Involving people with profound and multiple learning difficulties in research: barriers and possibilities. Disability Studies Conference, University of Lancaster, September 2010. 24 p.
  2. Eversden L, Maggs F, Nightingale P, Jobanputra P. A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of hydrotherapy and land exercises on overall well-being and quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007;8:23.
  3. Vivas J, Arias P, Cudeiro J. Aquatic therapy versus conventional land-based therapy for Parkinson’s disease: An open-label pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92:1202- 10.
  4. Silva LE, Valim V, Pessanha AP, Oliveira LM, Myamoto S, Jones A, et al. Hydrotherapy versus conventional land-based exercise for the management of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized clinical trial. Phys Ther 2008;88:12- 21.
  5. Mooventhan A, Nivethitha L. Scientific Evidence-Based Effects of Hydrotherapy on Various Systems of the Body. North American Journal of Medical Sciences. Ujire, Karnataka, May 2014. Volume 6, Issue 5. 11 p.

 

Author Bio:

Peter Rossi, an expert in the pool and hot tub industry and Dr David McConaghy  is a professional psychiatrist.

 

 

 

Please also review AIHCP’s Holistic Nursing Certificate program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals.  These programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.