Spirituality is usually a topic many secular counselors like to avoid but it is an inherent part of many individual’s lives and plays an even larger role in the grieving process. Spirituality generally is good for grieving but sometimes it can present issues that complicate grieving. Grief Counselors need to be aware of how spirituality can also complicate the grieving process and how to help individuals grieve in a healthy way. This video takes a closer look at these issues
Spirituality can affect the grieving process. Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it matches your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year Grief Counseling Certification
Christian Counseling and morality needs to take into account the science of psychology and how the brain works. In many ways, individuals are affected by the inner workings of their brain and mind and it can explain many moral actions beyond merely saying yes to something. Christian Counselors need to be aware of these things and how they affect the subjective element of a person’s choices.
Moral decisions are effected by the inner workings of mind. Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Program
Crisis intervention is an important part of mental health services that seeks to help and stabilize people during times of serious emotional distress. When individuals face intense challenges, the need for quick and effective help becomes very important, as prompt support can change the outcome of a crisis. The ABC Model of crisis intervention provides a clear structure for professionals to understand and meet the immediate needs of those in crisis. This model involves three steps: A (Achieving contact), B (Boiling down the problem), and C (Coping). Each step is meant to help clarify the client’s situation and empower them to take back control. By using the ABC Model, professionals can assess the urgency of their client’s emotional distress and use strategies that build resilience and encourage positive coping methods, which can lead to better mental health results.
Crisis Intervention Specialists utilize the ABC model to help individuals find orientation after crisis
Crisis intervention is an important process meant to help people who are having severe emotional and psychological issues, so they can find their balance again. This method usually includes looking at the situation, understanding immediate needs, and checking available resources to provide support. Professionals use various techniques that fit the person’s needs, creating a feeling of safety and empowerment when times are tough. Since crises upset personal balance, quick intervention is important to prevent lasting psychological damage. The success of crisis intervention can be significant; it not only eases immediate pain but also lays the groundwork for further healing and strength. By using structured methods like the ABC model, professionals can assess the issue, find coping strategies, and help individuals move toward positive solutions. Ultimately, grasping the meaning and range of crisis intervention highlights its importance in maintaining mental health and improving quality of life during difficult situations.
B. Importance of effective crisis intervention
During crises, the ability to act well can greatly affect both personal well-being and the stability of society. The need for quick response during crises is highlighted by the rise in childhood challenges impacting mental health, which can cause long-lasting harmful effects if not quickly addressed. The American Academy of Pediatrics notes that having safe, stable, and nurturing relationships (SSNRs) helps reduce toxic stress in children, promoting resilience and better coping with future challenges (Andrew S. Garner et al., 2021). In workplaces, especially in the hospitality sector, good crisis intervention is important for keeping employees safe and meeting health standards. Research shows that a clear psychological plan can improve compliance and protect both staff and the community during emergencies (Xiaowen Hu et al., 2020). Ultimately, effective crisis intervention is key to changing individual paths and building healthier, more resilient communities.
C. Overview of the ABC model
The ABC model is an important framework in crisis help, focusing on a clear method to meet emotional and psychological needs during tough times. This model has three main parts: Activating Event, Beliefs, and Consequences. First, an activating event causes emotional reactions, which leads people to think about their beliefs regarding the situation. This belief system greatly affects the emotional and behavioral outcomes that come next. Knowing this link helps professionals help individuals change their thoughts for better coping methods. Also, using the ABC model in crisis help is vital, particularly in fields like hospitality, where following health and safety rules is very important. For instance, a study shows that good communication and management can lead to employees really following safety rules, demonstrating how the ABC model can improve how organizations handle crises ((Xiaowen Hu et al., 2020)).
II. Understanding the ABC Model
In crisis help, the ABC Model gives a clear way to meet urgent needs and build strength. This model focuses on three main parts: feelings, actions, and thoughts that people have during a crisis. Knowing these parts helps workers to improve conversation, respond to feelings, and spot unhelpful behaviors that slow down recovery. For example, the use of artificial intelligence and large data sets to find and track the mental effects of crises is similar to how health markers show health levels in medicine. This shows that an in-depth understanding matters in both fields. By using new technologies, mental health workers can improve their responses, focusing on emotions and choices. In the end, using the ABC Model helps with quick crisis fixes and gives people tools for long-term coping, highlighting its important role in modern therapy.
A. Explanation of the ABC model components
The ABC Model of crisis intervention has three main parts: Affection, Behavior, and Cognition. Affection means showing emotional support to people in crisis, creating a safe and understanding space for open talks. This emotional bond is important because it helps set the stage for the next steps in intervention. Behavior involves what both the person in crisis and the helper do; it looks at harmful actions that might make things worse and supports healthier choices. Lastly, cognition is about helping the person change how they think and see the crisis, which builds resilience and promotes positive problem-solving approaches. This complete method not only deals with current issues but also gives people skills for managing themselves in the future, with the goal of restoring their sense of control and well-being. All these parts together build a solid framework for good crisis intervention.
B. Historical development of the ABC model
The ABC model’s history is important to know for its use in crisis help. It started in the 1970s by Albert Ellis and was later changed by people like Gerald Caplan, who focused on a methodical way to handle psychological crises. This model aimed to provide quick assistance to those in distress, concentrating on using resources and ways to cope. Over the years, the model has changed a lot, with its main ideas being updated to include new research and methods. For example, with climate change making mental health risks worse, there is a greater need for thorough plans that combine risk evaluation with crisis help, similar to what is proposed in studies of financial stability and sustainability (Simon Dikau et al., 2021). Additionally, the use of technology and data-driven strategies, as seen in responses to recent pandemics, shows that the ABC model remains important for addressing modern crises effectively (Israel Edem Agbehadji et al., 2020).
C. Application of the ABC model in crisis situations
In crisis intervention, the ABC model is a key structure for grasping and addressing the needs of people in tough situations. This model focuses on three parts: Activating events, Beliefs, and Consequences, which help professionals respond to crises. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, health emergencies brought enormous stress and uncertainty, making the ABC model very useful. When hospitality workers faced health risks and operational issues, knowing their beliefs about safety protocols helped improve their compliance with these protocols ((Xiaowen Hu et al., 2020)). Likewise, stakeholders used advanced computing methods to predict and handle crises well, showing how belief systems are important for responses. Overall, the ABC model not only gives a clear method for crisis intervention but also builds resilience in challenging times, highlighting its importance in modern crisis management ((Israel Edem Agbehadji et al., 2020)).
III. Phases of Crisis Intervention
Crisis specialists help individuals through the phases of crisis until at a pre crisis level
The crisis intervention process happens in separate steps, each important for dealing with the individual’s immediate issues and helping them recover. The first step focuses on figuring out the crisis, where the helper identifies what is happening and how serious it is. This step gives important details and makes sure the intervention is suited to the person’s specific situation. After this assessment, the next step is about building trust and creating a supportive space. This part is essential, as it helps the individual feel comfortable to communicate and be more open to the process. In the end, the intervention results in creating and putting into action a specific plan aimed at solving the crisis and encouraging long-term stability. By carefully going through these steps, crisis responders can really enhance results and support individuals in taking back control of their lives, highlighting the key ideas of the ABC model of crisis intervention. These steps show how crucial a structured method is in crisis intervention. For example, as seen in healthcare studies, knowing patient histories and building trust are critical for effective help (Mitchell S.V. Elkind et al., 2020). Likewise, research from clinical studies shows that systematically evaluating patient needs can lead to meaningful improvements in health results, especially when dealing with crises (George W. Sledge et al., 2019).
A. Assessment of the crisis situation
In dealing with a crisis situation, doing a full assessment is very important for good intervention. The first step is to find out the urgent needs and problems faced by people or groups affected by the crisis. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the sudden school closures harmed more than one billion learners, causing major learning interruptions and access issues ((Edeh Michael Onyema et al., 2020)). This crisis not only slowed down learning but made existing inequalities worse, showing the need for specific responses. In health crises, advanced breast cancer (ABC) also brings big management challenges, with many patients facing a poor prognosis ((Fátima Cardoso et al., 2018)). Understanding these details helps practitioners focus on solutions that deal with both immediate and root issues, making sure that the responses are not just immediate but also aim to deal with the unique problems caused by the crisis in a lasting way. Therefore, a complete assessment is key to any good crisis intervention plan.
B. Development of a crisis intervention plan
A complete crisis intervention plan is important for handling and reducing crises in different areas like healthcare, business, or communities. This plan should start with a careful look at the situation, figuring out the main causes of the crisis and checking the resources available for help. This step includes looking at market conditions and reviewing internal abilities, similar to anti-crisis financial management ideas that focus on prevention and managing risk (I. Zaichko et al., 2024). After the assessment, the plan should set out clear goals, using the ABC model to make interventions clear and often relying on evidence-based practices to shape the response. Since crises can grow quickly, acting promptly is vital, along with ongoing monitoring and feedback loops to adjust plans as needed. The end goal is not only to fix current problems but to build resilience, making sure organizations can learn from the crisis and set up systems to avoid future issues (Rifat Zahan et al., 2024).
C. Implementation of intervention strategies
To make interventions work well, a clear and organized method must be used that looks at what each person in crisis needs. Using frameworks like the ABC model of crisis intervention—Assessment, Building rapport, and Coping strategies—can help professionals plan their actions. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many families reported more stress in parenting and a drop in mental health, with two out of five parents showing signs of major depression (40.0%). This points to the need for focused support systems ((Shawna J. Lee et al., 2020)). By recognizing this situation, interventions can be adjusted to improve how parents manage stress while also looking after children’s emotional health. Additionally, teamwork among different professionals from various areas, as shown by researchers in global health, highlights the need to bring together diverse viewpoints in crisis intervention strategies ((Thomas Unger et al., 2020)). This all-encompassing method leads to better long-term results for people in crisis.
IV. Effectiveness of the ABC Model in Crisis Intervention
In looking at how well the ABC Model works in crisis intervention, it is important to think about how it has a clear way to deal with immediate emotional and psychological needs. The ABC Model stands for Achieving Contact, Boiling the Problem Down, and Coping. It effectively helps practitioners set up a safe place for people who are having a tough time. This model focuses on understanding the specific situation of the crisis, which helps in creating a response that fits. For example, the ongoing issues from global crises like the COVID-19 pandemic have greatly affected mental health and access to resources. The ABC Model shows it can adapt to these complicated situations, focusing on communication and practical solutions (Edeh Michael Onyema et al., 2020). Additionally, as situations change, using technology in interventions allows for a wider reach and more involvement, showing the model’s relevance in today’s world, which is often unstable. This is similar to what is seen in Alzheimer’s disease, where early help can lessen long-lasting suffering (Michael DeTure et al., 2019).
Crisis Intervention Specialists are able to help others through crisis via the ABC Model
A. Case studies demonstrating the ABC model’s success
Many case studies show how well the ABC model works in crisis intervention, proving it gives organized help in tough situations. A notable example is a case with COVID-19 patients, where the model improved communication and understanding of patients’ emotional and mental needs during the pandemic chaos (Israel Edem Agbehadji et al., 2020). In this case, clinicians used the ABC model to look at the triggers, actions, and results related to patients’ experiences, which led to specific interventions that enhanced patient cooperation and overall health. Moreover, another study pointed out how this model effectively dealt with the long-term impacts of COVID-19, emphasizing the need for ongoing support and adjustment to patients’ changing needs (Chen Chen et al., 2020). These results not only highlight the flexibility of the ABC model but also confirm its key role in providing caring, effective crisis intervention in different situations.
B. Comparison with other crisis intervention models
When assessing how well the ABC model of crisis intervention works, it’s important to compare it to other well-known models like Psychological First Aid (PFA) and the Crisis Development Model (CDM). The ABC model focuses on looking at a person’s feelings, actions, and thoughts to help stabilize a crisis. In contrast, the PFA model puts more emphasis on providing emotional support and ensuring safety right after a traumatic event. This approach aims to give practical help while promoting a sense of connection and normal life. The CDM, on the other hand, highlights the importance of understanding how people behave in a crisis, providing a clear way to predict and manage situations as they escalate. These models showcase various methods for handling crisis intervention, yet the ABC model stands out for its focus on evaluating and addressing emotional and thinking processes. As seen in discussions about stress in parents and the well-being of children in crisis situations, knowing about different intervention models can improve practitioners’ ability to work effectively in various scenarios (Shawna J. Lee et al., 2020)(Chen Chen et al., 2020).
C. Limitations and challenges of the ABC model
The ABC model is a basic framework in crisis intervention, but it has limits and problems. A major issue is that the model depends on how individuals in crisis are judged, which can lead to different views on what they need. This can be a big problem for people with serious mental health issues, like during the COVID-19 pandemic, when rising parental anxiety and depression changed how children’s wellbeing was seen (Shawna J. Lee et al., 2020). Moreover, the model might miss external factors that add to someone’s crisis, like economic difficulties, making intervention less effective. Recent research shows that there is a need for broader approaches that use new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and big data, to better spot and predict crises. These technologies could help fix some of the ABC model’s shortcomings (Israel Edem Agbehadji et al., 2020). If the model does not change, it may struggle to deal with the complicated nature of real-life crises.
V. Conclusion
Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program
In summary, handling crises well is very important for dealing with the complex problems that come up in tough situations. The ABC model is a method that helps professionals look at, react to, and aid in recovery for people who are in distress. This model not only considers the urgent emotional and psychological needs of individuals but also includes key plans for long-term health. The recent disruptions in many fields due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the negative impacts on education and the hospitality industry noted in studies, show that quick and informed responses are essential ((Xiaowen Hu et al., 2020); (Edeh Michael Onyema et al., 2020)). Putting strong crisis plans and clear safety measures in place creates workplaces that encourage compliance and flexibility among employees and other stakeholders. Therefore, by using models like ABC, professionals can handle crises better, ensuring that those affected get the help they need to regain their balance and return to normal.
A. Summary of key points discussed
When looking at crisis intervention, especially using the ABC model, several key discussions highlight its role in providing psychological support. The model focuses on how lab medicine and psychological tests have changed over time, enabling professionals to better address the pre- and post-intervention stages, which are often prone to mistakes (cite33). This change stresses the need for careful focus on assessment and intervention processes to ensure a well-informed approach to client care. Moreover, the guidelines for engaging with individuals with disabilities stress the importance of fairness and respect in assessment methods, fostering a more inclusive approach that improves intervention results (cite34). In summary, these points together confirm the ABC model’s position as an organized approach in crisis situations, promoting a thorough and caring method for intervention that emphasizes client well-being and informed choices.
B. Future implications for crisis intervention practices
As society deals with challenges from global crises, it is important to look at and improve crisis intervention methods. The results related to the COVID-19 pandemic show a key future need: organizations must create a space that encourages strict adherence to health and safety rules among workers, which is especially important in fields like hospitality that depend on in-person interactions (Xiaowen Hu et al., 2020). Moreover, the education system’s experiences during the pandemic indicate that being able to adapt to technology will be essential for handling crises, which highlights the need for strong digital systems and training for teachers and students to enable effective distance learning (Edeh Michael Onyema et al., 2020). These points suggest that future crisis intervention methods should be adaptable, combining technology and mental preparedness to ensure resilience against unexpected issues. By focusing on these areas, organizations can better equip themselves for upcoming crises, protecting their employees and the communities they support.
C. Final thoughts on the importance of the ABC model in crisis situations
In crisis intervention, the ABC model is an important framework that aids professionals in how they respond. It focuses on three steps: Achieving contact, Boiling down the problem, and Co-constructing a plan. This model offers a clear method that helps during confusing times. It helps interventionists build a connection quickly while understanding key parts of a person’s crisis, making sure the response fits their specific needs. Additionally, the ABC model encourages teamwork between the helper and the person in crisis, fostering a feeling of control and empowerment. The strength of this model lies in its organized approach and its ability to adapt, which makes it a crucial tool for dealing with the complex emotions and behaviors people face in difficult times.
Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals within human services, first responses, healthcare and chaplaincy.
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Good review on emotional flooding and how emotions can sometimes overtake an individual. It is important for those subject to emotional flooding to better understand how to control it as well as those around someone who may become emotional unstable.
Emotional Flooding can occur anywhere. Please review AIHCP’s Stress Management Program
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification and see if it matches your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in grief counseling. In addition, please also review AIHCP’s other certifications in Stress Management as well as Crisis Intervention
Gender and sexual orientation are important and critical characteristics about a person during counseling. External and internal stressors can all be exist based on the gender of a person or the person’s sexual orientation. As counselors, it is important to have an important understanding of these target populations and the bias and discrimination they face as well as their own internal issues with family and friends.
LGBTQ and women face different challenges in grief. Please review AIHJCP’s Grief Diversity Counseling
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Diversity Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is designed for certified grief counselors looking to enhance their understanding of grief through a better understanding of target populations.
Crisis Intervention specialists deal with an array of issues. Usually issues of self harm, harm of others and suicide are a very common theme. In crisis, logical thinking and hope are erased and the person can sometimes do things out of character that are very lethal in nature. Understanding suicide, suicide assessment, prevention and intervention are key components of helping individuals in crisis not make a permanent and fateful decision.
Suicide is rarely a conscious choice but one with emotional and mental implications that remove one from a state logical thinking
It is critical for crisis counselors, grief counselors, pastoral care givers and ministry, licensed mental health professionals, as well as those in healthcare to have a strong training and educational background in suicide and crises of lethality. AIHCP offers certifications in Grief Counseling but also in Crisis Intervention to help train members in those fields with the additional knowledge and abilities to handle crisis of lethality.
Suicide
While in the past, AIHCP has offered blogs, as well as video content on the nature of suicide, this particular blog will focus on the crisis element of it. It will identify suicidal signs, assessments, but also focus on intervention in particular.
James points out that a person in suicidal crisis is engaged in an expressive act of homicide where emotional state looks to reduce psychological pain (2017, p. 203). According to statistics, James point out that 600, 000 to 100, 000 suicides are attempted each year in the United States and 30, 000 to 60, 000 die each year in those attempts, with 19, 000 permanently injured (2017, p. 204). While different groups within the US have different rates of suicide as compared to others, the leading group is older white males.
Theories surrounding suicide share many common features but also have different emphasis on certain reasons why one attempts to kill oneself. Freud’s psychodynamic theories saw suicide as a reaction of some inner conflict with external stressors (James, 2017, p. 206). Erickson saw reasons for suicide correlated with developmental issues that prevented the person from advancing and reaching certain goals in life. Individuals who become stagnant and unable to develop sometimes choose suicide as an option to escape (James, 2017, p. 206). Escapist theory views suicide as the only way out of a bad situation during fight or flight. Within this theory, individuals feel they fell short, blame themselves, focus on narrow deficits only, and only see a view of perfectionism that if not met can only end in suicide due to the hopelessness perceived (James, 2017, p. 206). Hopelessness remains a common theme in all situations where the person feels they have no power over the situation.
Another important theory was developed by Edwin Shneidman, the founder of suicidology. In understanding suicide he measured one’s psycheache or pain in the mind, one’s perturbation or the degree of the pain, and the press or stress due to external factors (James, 2017, p. 206), With the combination of these things, Shneidman saw how psycheache frustrates or blocks psychological needs leading to hopelessness and suicide and reaching the state of critical mass to activate suicide.
Durkeim in the 19th Century proposed the sociological theory which looks at a person’s connections to society and how social norms and society based on a person’s integration with those norms plays a large role. Egoistical suicide refers to one’s lack integration with any group. Anomic suicide refers to when economic and financial systems of society break down all around the person. Altruistic suicide refers when a person commits suicide for cultural reasons or the perceived better good according to the society. Fatalistic suicide refers to if a person is an intolerable or unescapable situation such a concentration camp (James, 2017, p. 207). According to Van Orden interpersonal states are also key in the mind of those contemplating suicide. Suicidal individuals may acquire capability by decreasing innate fear of pain and death gradually. In their personal views, they perceive themselves as burdensome to others as well as failing to belong to anyone or find attachment to anything (James, 2017. p. 207). Existentialism and meaning also play an important role in suicide theory. Ideas on death, existential isolation, meaning and meaningless in making sense of the world and the freedom of existentialist thought to make choices all play a role in the construction of existentialist thought. When challenges to existence and death are overwhelmed and an existentialist anchor is lost, then many individuals can fall into hopelessness without any reason to exist (James, 2017, p. 208).
Another interesting theory follows a basic suicide trajectory model based on various risk factors that correlate with suicide. This includes, biological, substance abuse history, genetic predispositions, gender, self esteem, psychological maladies, cognitive thinking and environmental stressors (James, 2017, p. 207). Psychology also points to imbalances within the brain, neurochemical reactions that do not allow a person to better respond to a situation (James, 2017, 208).
From these theories and multiple other ones, one has a better understanding that suicide is rarely a free choice but is committed in a state of emotional turmoil without true cognitive reasoning. This is why so many religious views on suicide as a choice or sin have been replaced with a better recognition that most if not all are victims of it.
Characteristics of Suicidal Individuals
For the most part, those thinking of suicide exist in an acute state of crisis or a chronic state of depression that leads to certain characteristics that manifest emotionally, socially, mentally and physically.
Many suicidal individuals suffer from depression or hopelessness. Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Certification
Situationally, individuals face an endurable pain they cannot overcome. A stressor frustrates the psychological need (James, 2017, p. 209). Hence situations involving trauma, death, loss, finances, relationship or anything that creates a perceived unbearable loss appears. Motivation wise, individuals look to seek a solution and that solution entails to remove the stressor via cessation of consciousness. Accompanied with this are the affective emotions of hopelessness and helplessness. Cognitively, individuals see solutions in a very narrow scope with out any alternatives to think their way out of the situation. Relationally, an individual wishes to communicate intent and find mutual justification in it and acknowledgement of that right to do so. Serially, characteristics reveal a long history of trying everything else but no other option remains (James, 2017,p. 209).
Within these characteristics of the suicidal mind, it important to dismiss certain myths that distort. First, one needs to dismiss fears of discussing suicide as if it will cause it. In fact, discussing suicide and being very upfront is key. Second, one needs to dismiss the notion that those who say they will commit suicide rarely carry through with it. In fact, many who say they are contemplating are very high risk of attempting it. To the individual suicide is perceived as a very rational act. Third, individuals who commit suicide are insane. Most who commit or attempt suicide are only acutely affected with emotional issues. Fourth, suicide is only impulsive. In fact, most suicides are planned and plotted outside acute crisis. Fifth, suicide is painless. Many suicides can be very gruesome and some go awry and very wrong. Sixth, suicidal thoughts are rare. In fact, they are more common than one may think with 8.3 million have some type of suicidal ideation (James, 2017. p. 212).
Suicide Assessment is Key
Assessment is critical in saving a life. While some crisis specialists deal with suicidal individuals in an acute and heated moment, many suicides are well planned and plotted. Counselors need to be aware of the possibility and assess the lethality
James points out that there are a variety of verbal clues, statements and written letters. As well as behavioral clues such as self harm or isolation. Also situational clues that involve death of another person, financial woes, loss job, or divorce should be acknowledged. In addition, syndromatic clues such as depression, hopelessness and unhappiness with life can play key indicators in possible suicidal. This is why it is so important to also ask someone in assessment (2017, p. 212).
Another tool to utilize is PATHWARM. This is an acronym from the American Association of Suicidology. It utilizes the letter within the acronym to better identify various warning signs. Within the acronym is: Ideation, Substance Abuse, Purposefulness, Anxiety, Trapped, Hopelessness, Withdraw, Anger, Recklessness and Mood.
There are many, many assessment keys, questions, or triages one can utilize. We will briefly go over a select few.
First, the basic clinical interview is essential in determining suicidal ideation. Within it is a long laundry list of observations and questions. Here are a few: Does the person exhibit suicidal intent or tendencies? Does the person have a family history of suicide? Does the person have past suicide attempts? Does the person have a specific plan? Has the person experienced a death recently? Does the person have a history of drugs and substance abuse? Does the person display radical changes in mood and behavior? Does the person display hopelessness? Has the person experienced past trauma? Has the person discontinued medication? Does the person exhibit extreme emotions? Has the person faced financial troubles or loss of job? Does the person feel threatened? Does the person see everything as all or nothing? Does the person feel as if he or she does not belong? Does the person struggle with identity and self esteem? Does the person have access to firearms? Has the person explored suicide through online search or literature? Has the person not seen a medical professional within the last 3 to 6 months? (James, 2017, p. 215).
SIMPLE STEPS is another acronym that can utilized in assessment during interview. Again it emphasizes the importance of asking the question are you thinking of killing oneself? Within the acronym are the following points. Suicidal? Ideation? Method? Pain? Loss? Earlier attempts? Substance abuse? Troubleshooting for alternatives? Emotions? Parental history? Stressors? (James, 2017, p. 216-17). This triage captures the basic essence again of all assessment in that it asks the difficult question and looks to identify potential lethality and danger of a plan. Not all cases may present an immediate acute threat while others may require immediate intervention and reference to medical professionals or notification of authorities and family.
Suicide Intervention
In intervention, whether in acute setting or discussing possible plans of a person to commit suicide, professionals need to not judge the person, or demean the person’s perceived tragic nature of life. Instead, crisis professionals are encouraged to gain an understanding, form a bond and offer alternative options.
The Three “I”s are essential to know if looking to defuse suicidal situations. The person feels the situation is inescapable, intolerable and interminable (James, 2017,p. 218). Hence it is important to help the person feel secure, less painful, and offer hope with solid solutions. When a person is facing crisis, they may feel there is no other way out and may need alternatives presented and applied to the situation. In addition, the crisis counselor may try to help the person reframe the situation with attributes of CBT to see the situation from a different light. The crisis counselor must also help the individual face the pain and discover that is not forever. Helping focus on not so much the lethality but the perturbation of the person can help the person see more clearly, utilize problem solving abilities, and offer alternatives to the current issue. Addressing stressors and helping the person see hope is the biggest key. At this core, Crisis Management looks to help the person plan a response to suicidal issues (James, 2017, p. 222).
Those in suicidal ideation need alternatives and options. They need to know the there is escape and an end to the pain that involves not ceasing consciousness
In counseling, professionals should help clients reframe. This involves not only a new line of thinking but also validating emotions and discussing future suicidal behaviors and how to counter them. It is important to help the person learn real problem solving skills for issues but also address teaching individuals how to cope with pain and emotions in better ways. In addition, counselors can help clients find better social connections to prevent isolation as well as play an important role in life coaching with positive thoughts, plans and goals. Importantly as well, a counselor should obtain from the person a no harm commitment through a suicide “Do not Harm Contract” or “Stay Alive” contract which the individual signs. It is important to let the person know he or she is not alone and can reach out or call when certain triggers may appear that seem unbearable (James, 2017, p. 227)> In some cases, calls to the authorities may be needed, or a person may need observed for a period of time before the crisis has subsided.
Conclusion
Suicide is not simply a call for help but a true crisis situation that demands attention. Through warning signs, assessment and proper intervention, crisis counselors can save lives. It is also important to note that suicide is not something rationally chosen but one that is mentally and emotionally chosen when in a illogical state of mind. Hence negative social stigmas need removed and professionals as well as society need to see these individuals who attempt or complete suicide as victims. This is why it is so important to be educated on the subject and listening and observing with empathy for those who shows signs of suicidal ideation.
Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification. Counselors, first responders, clergy and other mental health professionals can play a key role crisis intervention and saving lives from suicide.
Resources
James, R & Gilliland, B. (2017). “Crisis Intervention Strategies”. (8th). Cengage
Additional Resources
Clay, R. (2022). “How to assess and intervene with patients at risk of suicide”. APA. Access here
Are you thinking about suicide? How to stay safe and find treatment. Mayo Clinic. Access here
Ryan, E. & Oquendo, M. (2020). “Suicide Risk Assessment and Prevention: Challenges and Opportunities”. Psychiatry Online. Access here
Suicide and suicidal thoughts. Mayo Clinic. Access here
Suicide Prevention Tools for Public Health Professionals. CDC. Access here
Understanding stress management involves looking at different therapy methods, one being Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT). EFT combines ideas from Western psychology with Eastern acupressure, becoming popular as a complete method that seeks to reduce emotional pain by focusing on the body’s energy paths. This overview will explain the basic ideas of EFT, showing how it works and its potential benefits. By tapping on certain acupuncture points while thinking about troubling feelings, people say they experience less anxiety and stress. This paper will show how the mix of changing thought patterns and body focus in EFT makes it a noteworthy option in the field of stress management. In the end, this analysis will help clarify the importance of EFT in improving emotional control and supporting overall mental health.
EFT can play a key role in stress reduction. Please review AIHCP’s EFT Specialist Program
A. Definition of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), which come from both modern psychology and old acupuncture methods, are a useful way to deal with stress and emotional pain. This approach, called tapping, uses light finger pressure on certain points on the body while thinking about emotional problems or physical pain. Studies show that EFT can greatly reduce anxiety and improve life quality, making it a good option to use alongside standard therapy methods (Ambika Warrier, p. 53-58). It is also flexible, helping practitioners tackle various mental health issues in a short amount of time. EFT not only helps relieve stress quickly but also helps people understand the emotional causes of their pain. This understanding can lead to long-lasting emotional strength and well-being. In conclusion, EFT is a complete approach that brings together mind and body awareness, offering a significant change for those who want to handle stress better.
B. Overview of stress and its impact on health
Chronic stress is being seen more as a big risk for many health problems, both physical and mental. Being exposed to stress hormones for a long time can cause heart problems, lower immune system strength, and stomach issues. Additionally, stress can have serious effects on mental health, often leading to anxiety, depression, and changes in behavior that make mental health issues worse. Recent studies show that the emotional effects of stress can greatly lower a person’s quality of life, affecting how they function daily and their relationships ((Ambika Warrier)). This effect is especially strong among students, as shown by research that looked at stress from the pandemic, which caused more anxiety and depression ((Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641)). Tackling these stress-related problems is important, as methods like Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) have been found to help reduce these symptoms, which can improve well-being and bring back balance for those affected.
C. Purpose and significance of studying EFT in stress management
Knowing how well Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) works for handling stress gives important details about alternative therapy ways that might help emotional health. With mental health problems like anxiety and stress rising a lot, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, effective solutions are needed more than ever. Studies show that EFT can lower stress and anxiety symptoms a lot, as shown by the big improvements seen in participants after tapping sessions, which resulted in lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress (Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641). Moreover, EFT’s ability to enhance people’s quality of life shows its importance in treating not just symptoms but overall mental health (Ambika Warrier). By looking into how EFT works and its results, researchers can add valuable information to stress management, possibly offering easy and cheap options for those looking for help with mental distress.
II. Theoretical Foundations of EFT
The success of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) as a therapy method relies on a mix of ideas from psychology and energy medicine. A key point is that emotional issues can lead to physical problems, which is a view traditional Chinese medicine has recognized with its focus on energy flow and meridian systems. EFT combines changing thought patterns, like addressing main beliefs tied to anxiety, with the physical action of tapping at certain acupoints. Many studies have shown it can lower anxiety and enhance well-being (Ambika Warrier). Also, the change in political culture among ethnic groups, such as the Chinese in Indonesia, highlights the role of social context and feelings of empowerment in therapy. In less democratic settings, people may be more passive, but in democratic ones, there is often a move towards being more active, suggesting that therapies like EFT could do better in supportive environments that encourage emotional sharing and healing (Rudi Salam Sinaga et al., p. 6).
A. Psychological principles underlying EFT
The success of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in managing stress is due to several key psychological ideas. At the core of EFT is emotional regulation, which connects with Positive Psychology findings that highlight building resilience instead of just reaching a neutral emotional state. This is especially clear in situations like school adjustment problems and anxiety, where emotional issues can interfere with daily life (Hasanova Gulnara et al., p. 34-45). Moreover, the stress that comes from demanding healthcare jobs shows how important good coping strategies are. Mindfulness-based practices, such as those in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs, play a critical role in increasing awareness of the present moment and minimizing emotional fatigue among healthcare workers (Martina Finistrella et al., p. 27-40). By combining these psychological concepts, EFT not only tackles immediate emotional pain but also encourages long-term coping abilities, improving overall emotional health. Therefore, the principles behind EFT support its use as an important tool for managing stress.
B. The role of energy psychology in stress relief
Energy psychology, especially using methods like Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), presents a good way for dealing with stress by combining mental and energetic methods. This combined approach suggests that emotional issues are often tied to problems in the body’s energy system, connecting mind and body. By tapping on certain points while thinking about the troubling emotion, EFT creates a different way to let go of negative thoughts and emotional barriers, leading to a more stable mental state. Research has shown that these methods can greatly lower stress levels, enhance emotional control, and improve overall well-being (Nick Ortner). Therefore, energy psychology not only adds to traditional therapy but also offers people useful, self-help techniques for handling stress daily. This two-fold approach highlights the usefulness of energy psychology as a helpful tool for finding comprehensive solutions to stress management.
C. Evidence-based research supporting EFT efficacy
More evidence points to the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) as a useful method for handling stress and emotional health. Studies have shown that EFT can greatly lower symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress through a method that mixes thinking processes and acupressure methods. For example, research with participants who had anxiety showed a big drop in average anxiety scores from 8.3250 to 6.9750 after they used EFT techniques, which shows a gain in mental health (see (Ambika Warrier)). Another study revealed that participants dealing with high stress, anxiety, and depression saw clear improvements after several EFT sessions, as their stress scores dropped from an average of 25.50 to 8.70 (see (Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641)). These results back up that EFT is a useful alternative treatment and show its ability to improve life quality, thus confirming its importance in effective stress management approaches.
III. Mechanisms of EFT in Stress Reduction
Looking into how Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) works shows that it has many ways to help with stress. EFT mainly says that emotional pain is often from unaddressed psychological issues, which causes energy blockages in the body’s meridian system. By using both cognitive restructuring and acupressure, practitioners focus on these blockages to help with emotional release and improve mental health. The typical method involves saying distressing thoughts while tapping on certain acupressure points, which might help the body’s energy flow. This combined action can activate the parasympathetic nervous system, reducing physical responses related to stress. Also, new studies suggest that EFT may significantly lower cortisol levels, the main stress hormone, supporting its use as a good stress management method (Jeanne C. Watson et al.). All these elements highlight EFT’s potential as a complete approach for reducing stress.
EFT can help move negative energy from the body and allow the body to heal from trauma and stress
A. The process of tapping and its physiological effects
The body effects of tapping in Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) are very important for how well it works in stress management. Tapping means touching certain acupressure spots on the body while thinking about emotional pain, making a full approach that mixes thinking with physical actions. Studies show that this method can greatly lessen signs of anxiety, depression, and stress, showing clear changes in body chemistry, like lower cortisol levels and reduced blood pressure (Peta Stapleton). Also, one study that looked at students during the pandemic found big gains in mental health after EFT sessions, showing its potential to lessen serious symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641). These results point out the body benefits of tapping, making it a strong method for handling emotions. So, adding EFT into stress management plans can lead to real improvements in both mental and physical well-being, which supports its increasing use in therapy.
B. Emotional regulation through EFT techniques
The use of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in managing emotions has gained a lot of interest, especially for handling stress, anxiety, and depression. Studies show that organized EFT treatments can bring about notable improvements in mental health, highlighted by research with participants who had moderate to severe symptoms. After several EFT sessions, anxiety levels dropped from a severe average of 16.69 to a normal average of 4.84, and there were also significant reductions in depression and stress levels ((Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641)). This supports the idea that managing emotions needs a diverse approach that includes both thought processes and physical aspects. In addition, looking at political cultures of ethnic minorities shows how changes in systems can affect how people express and manage emotions, highlighting the importance of social context in emotional health ((Rudi Salam Sinaga et al., p. 6)). Therefore, EFT is useful not only as a way to help individuals manage their emotions but also as a tool for understanding larger social and emotional issues.
C. Comparison of EFT with traditional stress management methods
Old ways of managing stress, mostly based on cognitive-behavioral techniques or medications, mainly aim to change thought patterns or fix chemical issues to ease symptoms. Yet, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) present a different way that mixes psychological ideas with physical actions, like tapping on specific points, to deal with emotional problems more broadly. This is shown by the improvements in stress management seen in healthcare workers who took part in an eight-week Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program, which are similar to results from EFT studies, where participants reported key drops in anxiety and depression along with steady weight loss (Martina Finistrella et al., p. 27-40)(Dawson Church et al., p. 13-14). Unlike traditional methods that can have only short-term effects, EFT seems to provide lasting benefits, connecting mental health and physical health more effectively. These results imply that combining EFT with standard therapies could improve overall results and support long-term emotional strength.
IV. Applications of EFT in Various Populations
Many in the workplace suffer from chronic stress and can utilize EFT to help reduce it
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) are being recognized more for how they can be used with different groups of people, showing they work well in many situations. Studies show that people with long-term illnesses like cancer or diabetes can use EFT to reduce stress and improve their emotional health, which helps in getting better clinical results. Teachers have also used EFT in schools, giving students ways to handle anxiety and build resilience against school pressures. Additionally, this method has been helpful for veterans and active-duty military, aiding in the treatment of PTSD symptoms and helping with emotional control during transitions (David D. Chen). These uses highlight EFT’s flexibility, making it a helpful option in therapy where different approaches are needed for various groups while focusing on a complete view of stress management methods.
A. EFT for individuals with anxiety disorders
A good way to handle anxiety disorders includes new methods that mix psychological techniques with physical practices. Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), a type of energy psychology, has come up as a hopeful solution because it combines cognitive restructuring with body-focused practices. Research shows that EFT can significantly lower anxiety levels; for example, one study found that participants’ anxiety scores dropped from an average of 8.3250 to 6.9750 after using EFT for two weeks, showing important improvements in mental health and quality of life ((Ambika Warrier)). Moreover, another study showed that EFT helped reduce anxiety, depression, and stress in students impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in significant changes in anxiety severity before and after the tests ((Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641)). These results underline EFT’s potential as an affordable therapy choice for people dealing with anxiety disorders.
B. Use of EFT in workplace stress management
In today’s work settings, managing stress is a key issue that can affect how well employees do their jobs and how productive an organization is overall. A technique that is becoming popular is Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), which combines parts of cognitive therapy and exposure therapy using a tapping method on certain acupressure points. Studies show that this method can greatly reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in people in different situations, which means it could work well in the workplace ((Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641)). Additionally, changes in political culture in various communities highlight a need for empowerment and involvement, which EFT can support as people learn to handle stress in a positive way ((Rudi Salam Sinaga et al., p. 6)). Using EFT not only promotes a better work environment but also builds employee resilience, helping them face challenges with greater emotional skills and lower stress. Therefore, adding EFT to workplace stress management strategies could provide significant advantages for both workers and employers.
C. EFT in clinical settings for trauma recovery
Recent improvements in trauma recovery focus on using new therapy methods in clinical places, especially Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT). This approach mixes cognitive therapy with acupressure and has shown good results in reducing psychological problems and physical issues linked to trauma. Research shows that EFT can lower anxiety and improve life quality for those involved, indicating it can tackle the complex aspects of trauma recovery well ((Ambika Warrier)). Moreover, it can also help with chronic pain, which many trauma survivors face, with studies showing that EFT can improve pain intensity ((Dr. Peta Stapleton)). Using a client-centered method, EFT gives quick relief and helps with deeper emotional processing needed for long-lasting recovery. As clinical practitioners keep investigating EFT’s possibilities, it serves as a useful option or addition to traditional therapy methods for treating trauma.
V. Conclusion
In conclusion, using Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in stress management has shown that it can help improve mental strength and reduce symptoms related to stress. EFT’s flexibility lets people perform self-directed techniques, which gives them control over their mental health care. Recent studies indicate that EFT may change how the body and emotions react, offering a useful addition to traditional therapy methods. Additionally, early results suggest that further research on EFT could provide more information about its effectiveness and uses for different groups and stress triggers, helping to expand our understanding of holistic health approaches (Peta Stapleton et al.). Overall, adopting EFT as a practical option for stress management not only supports a more complete view of emotional health but also paves the way for new therapy methods that can tackle the challenges of today’s stress.
Please also review AIHCP’s EFT as well as its Stress Management Certifications and see if they meet your professional goals
A. Summary of key findings on EFT and stress management
Research on Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) shows that it works well as a new way to help handle stress and anxiety in different groups. Studies find that EFT, which mixes parts of cognitive therapy and acupressure, can lower anxiety symptoms and improve life quality. For example, people in a recent study showed clear improvements in their stress and anxiety levels after taking part in planned tapping sessions, with average anxiety scores dropping from a high starting point to a normal level after the intervention (Ambika Warrier). Also, another study with college students during the pandemic found that, after 16 EFT sessions, participants said they had significant drops in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, strongly rejecting the idea that EFT would not work (Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641). These results highlight EFT as a useful and affordable method for managing stress, suggesting the need for more research and inclusion in wider treatment plans.
B. Implications for future research and practice
Future studies should look at how well Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) works for handling stress, especially in schools. Previous work shows that EFT can cut down on anxiety, stress, and depression in participants (Araceli Bustamante-Paster, p. 1626-1641). More research could investigate how effective it is over the long term and how it works. Additionally, studies should check how EFT can be used with different groups, such as kids or those from underrepresented communities, to see if it works well in various situations. Given the positive results from different studies, which show big gains in the mental well-being of adults using EFT (Ambika Warrier), therapists might think about adding EFT to their practices along with standard methods like cognitive behavioral therapy. There is a need for consistent measurements and broader research to confirm EFT’s role in stress management strategies, which could lead to better mental health results for different population groups.
C. Final thoughts on the integration of EFT into holistic stress management strategies
Using Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in stress management plans can help boost emotional strength and improve overall health. EFT focuses on the mental and emotional parts of stress, which works well with traditional methods like mindfulness, yoga, and cognitive-behavioral techniques. This creates a broader strategy for reducing stress. Studies show that using tapping with mindfulness practices greatly increases self-awareness and how well people manage emotions, helping them deal with stress better. Additionally, EFT is easy to use and can provide quick relief for strong feelings. In summary, adding EFT helps people handle their stress and encourages a proactive mindset towards mental health, leading to a better understanding of emotional triggers and reactions. Therefore, EFT is an important part of modern stress management methods.
Please review AIHCP’s EFT Specialist Certification and AIHCP’s Stress Management Consulting Program and see if they meet your academic and professional goals. The programs are online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification.
References
Ambika Warrier. “Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Tapping on Anxiety and Quality of Life”. Phonix – International Journal for Psychology and Social Sciences (PIJPS), 2024.
Araceli Bustamante-Paster. “The Efficacy of EFT on the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among College Students’ during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Basis for the Development of Psychological Acupuncture Intervention”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS, 2022,https://ijmra.in/v5i7/Doc/6.pdf
Martina Finistrella, Elisa Luchina. “The effect of a Mindfulness-based stress reduction program on the mental health of a sample of Italian healthcare professionals: A quasi-experimental study design”. EDIZIONI FS Publishers, 2024,https://gipmel.it/wp-content/uploads/10.690882024THFF4.pdf
Dawson Church, PhD; Peta Stapleton, PhD; Danielle Raynor. “Skinny Genes’ Six-week, Online, Clinical Emotional Freedom Techniques Program: Durable Weight Loss and Improved Psychological Symptoms”. Advances in Mind-Body Medicine, 2022,https://eftuniverse.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Skinny-Genes-Published.pdf
Ambika Warrier. “Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Tapping on Anxiety and Quality of Life”. Phoenix – International Journal for Psychology and Social Sciences (PIJPS), 2024,
Rudi Salam Sinaga, Miranti, Gustami Harahap, Khairunnisah Lubis, M. Ridwan Rangkuti. “THE EVOLUTION OF INDONESIAN CHINESE POLITICAL CULTURE IN NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE IN THE NEW ORDER ERA AND POST REFORM: LITERATURE REVIEW”. ERUDIO Center for Higher Education, 2022,http://www.iiass.com/pdf/IIASS-volume15-2022.pdf#page=171
Ambika Warrier. “Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Tapping on Anxiety and Quality of Life”. Phonix – International Journal for Psychology and Social Sciences (PIJPS), 2024, .
Rudi Salam Sinaga, Miranti, Gustami Harahap, Khairunnisah Lubis, M. Ridwan Rangkuti. “The Evolution of Indonesian Chinese Political Culture in North Sumatra Province in the New Order Era and Post Reform: Literature Review”. ERUDIO Center for Higher Education, 2022,http://www.iiass.com/pdf/IIASS-volume15-2022.pdf#page=171
Araceli Bustamante-Paster. “The Efficacy of EFT on the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Basis for the Development of Psychological Acupuncture Intervention”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS, 2022,https://ijmra.in/v5i7/Doc/6.pdf
Rudi Salam Sinaga, Miranti, Gustami Harahap, Khairunnisah Lubis, M. Ridwan Rangkuti. “The Evolution of Indonesian Chinese Political Culture in North Sumatra Province in the New Order Era and Post Reform: Literature Review”. ERUDIO Center for Higher Education, 2022.
Araceli Bustamante-Paster. “The Efficacy of EFT on the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among College Students’ during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Basis for the Development of Psychological Acupuncture Intervention”. IJMRA, 2022,https://ijmra.in/v5i7/Doc/6.pdf
Ambika Warrier. “Effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Tapping on Anxiety and Quality of Life”. Phonix International Journal for Psychology and Social Sciences (PIJPS), 2024.
Araceli Bustamante-Paster. “The Efficacy of EFT on the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among College Students’ during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Basis for the Development of Psychological Acupuncture Intervention”. IJMRA, 2022,https://ijmra.in/v5i7/Doc/6.pdf
Many times individuals ignore the signs of burnout and mental exhaustion. They allow themselves to become overwhelmed with past and present stressors. The stressors can accumulate and drain into other parts of life. Mental exhaustion has various physical, social, emotional and mental signs. It is important to identify these signs, form boundaries and promote better self care for oneself.
Watch for the signs of mental exhaustion. Please also review AIHCP’s Stress Management Program
Please also review AIHCP’s Stress Management Consulting Certification and see if it meets your academic and professional goals. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in Stress Management.
Obviously crisis counseling is sometimes on the scene of the event. It is emotional first aid that attempts to restore equilibrium and mobility to the person. It is short term in its plan and it briefs the individual and carries through necessary tasks to help the person return to pre-crisis state. It also looks to help the person find orientation and resources to help avoid future crisis and find resolution to what caused the crisis reaction.
Crisis specialists who arrive on scene have an entirely different approach to counseling than long term counselors in mental health
In this blog, we will look at crisis counseling in settings where intake occurs and how counselors work to help individuals leave the state of crisis. In these cases, the individual is brought in by the police, or rescue and the person requires mental care until able to be released. These types of counseling sessions differ greatly from traditional counseling settings. They still are not long term but they do look to alleviate crisis as much as any work on the scene itself. In addition to reviewing these types of crisis counseling settings, we will look at the efforts to better concert the police with mental health professionals in ensuring mutual safety of first responders and those in crisis.
Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program, as well as its Substance Abuse Specialist Program for qualified professionals in Human Services and first response.
Crisis Counseling in Facilities
Many mental health community centers are equipped to handle walk-ins, police escorted individuals in crisis, family admitted or social service recommended cases (James, 2017, p. 100). Like the crisis specialist in the field and on the scene, these professionals provide the same type of de-escalation model to help the person find equilibrium and mobility. They can also keep the person a few days if necessary and later coordinate with case managers to ensure the person receives continued observation, medication, or future counseling. Some facilities are 24 hour facilities, while others have emergency call centers beyond the regular hours (James, 2017, p. 102).
Upon entry into a facility, a person is assessed across the range of the triage scale to determine if someone is mildly or severely impaired. For more severe cases, a senior technician is called upon to help the person. Crisis specialists will also try to receive a case history of the person to better determine the onset of crisis. If mental pathology is present, a psychiatrist may be called to better meet the needs of the person (James, 2017, p. 100). James also references that those who face more severe mental fragmentation will be committed until safe to self and others (2017, p. 100).
The initial intake interview is a key process where questions and basic crisis intervention tasks can be completed. If the person is appraised negatively with a high level of lethality as well as drug use, then the person will need to stay longer. The clinician or team following the intake interview, prepares a disposition that describes the case as well as suggestions for treatment. In some cases, the facility will supply the person with a psychological anchor. This refers to a professional who will serve as their case worker, advocate or contact person (James, 2017, p. 101). In some cases, the individual will need short term disposition which meets the immediate physical needs of food, water or shelter. The Department of Family Services plays a big role with social workers to ensure the proper government entities meet the needs of the person. However, sometimes, long term disposition occur where the person needs long term care plan which includes counseling abd medication to help the person deal with future issues and crisis (James, 2017, p. 101).
Crisis and Short Term Vs Counseling and Long Term Cases
Since crisis is about mental and emotional first aid that looks to stop emotional bleeding, its goals and procedures to reach those goals differ greatly from long term counseling and cases. James lists numerous differences between these two types of mental health models. In regards to the initial tasks themselves, there is a large difference. Crisis counseling looks to ensure client safety and assess lethality initially, while long term looks to prevent future problems. Where crisis counselors look in the first task to form a bond with the person in crisis, long term counselors look to correct issues with sound and tested evidence based treatments. Where crisis counselors help the person define the immediate problem, long term counselors help provide systematic support for that problem. Where crisis counselors provides support to help calm the person in crisis, long term counselors help facilitate growth in the healing process. Where crisis counselors look to help those in crisis see alternate options and develop a plan, long term counselors look to re-educate and help clients express and clarify emotions. Where crisis counselors resolve with commitment to plan and follow up, long term care counselor continue treatment with resolving issues, accepting realities, reorganizing attitudes and working on maximizing intellectual resources to deal with issues (2017, p. 98).
Those admitted into crisis centers are facing affective, behavioral and cognitive issues that are preventing proper emotional balance and coping. These facilities face different types of intake individuals who face acute crisis
Crisis intervention specialists utilize diagnosis via the triage method looking at the affective, behavioral and cognitive issues on the spot and face to face, while long term counselors work with a detailed case history as well as observation throughout a period of time with most patients not experiencing a state of acute crisis. Where crisis specialists treat acute trauma and help to stabilize, long term counselors look at the underlying causes for issues over an extended period of time. Where a crisis specialist’s plan is to meet the immediate physical and emotional needs to stabilize a person, a long term counselor’s plan is a comprehensive effort that covers time and numerous personal and social environments that looks to help alleviate a non acute issue. (James, 2017, p. 98). Hence crisis intervention specialists deal with individuals who are affectively in an impaired state, cognitively unable to think logically and behaviorally out of control and pose a threat to themselves and others, while a long term counselor deals with individuals not in impairment emotionally and is able to think and socially behave (James, 2017, p. 99). This means that crisis professionals whether on the scene, or in a facility helping a person in crisis are working at a mental emergency level where decisions and observations must be quicker and plans may need be adjusted quickly due to safety issues (James, 2017, p. 99)
Types of Issues with Crisis
Obviously dealing with those in crisis requires quick thinking and assessment but it also entails dealing with individuals who are a lethal threat to self and others, as well as many times on multiple types of drugs. Crisis professionals deal with chronic mental illness, acute interpersonal problems due to relationships and other social factors, and combinations of both (James, 2017, p. 97). While long term care counselors deal with these type of issues, usually the person is not actually intoxicated, or in a state of mania, or suicidal with gun in hand during a session. Many crisis counselors deal with an array of acute issues that include those who are constantly in a transcrisis state that can be activated at any moment. Those facing multiple stressors or anxiety or depression can easily fall into a state of acute crisis in these cases. In addition to transcrisis, many individuals in chronic crisis will face regression and fall back into old issues that led to crisis. Others may face issues with possible termination of future sessions with counselor since the counselor has become an anchor (James, 2017, p. 108). In addition to dealing with those in transcrisis, many counselors deal with individuals with addiction issues and psychotic breaks with reality. One common type of malady that corresponds with crisis in Borderline Personality Disorder. This disorder prevents the person from past trauma to achieve stable moods from hour to hour, day to day or month to month. They can erupt into anger or sadness over minor things they perceive as slights. Many are also impulsive, self destructive, confused with goals, unable to maintain self esteem, possess suicidal ideation, and have destructive choices in relationships (James, 2017, p. 111). Obviously this type of disorder is a chaotic recipe for crisis calls for the police and later mental health intervention.
These types of issues can lead to big problems with counselors and those in crisis as well as those who offer long term counseling. It can lead an array of issues where the client is suicidal, deals with abuse, or problems with finances or the law, as well as one who frequently misinterprets a therapist’s statements, reacts strongly to advice, fears resistance and follow through of treatments, as well as transgressing professional boundaries with calls and insults (James, 2017, p. 111). James points out that when dealing with individuals in chronic crisis or facing other mental maladies, one needs to set ground rules that apply for everyone. Sessions need to start and end on time. Sessions need to be void of threats. Everyone speaks for oneself and is fully heard. Everyone faces all issues discussed and does not have the option to abruptly leave. The session will not include gaslighting or avoiding the subject. No one is to arrive drunk or intoxicated. The crisis counselor or counselor will not take sides. Time will be respected outside the office and the needs of other clients will not be dismissed for another’s immediate demands (James, 2017, p. 114). Obviously dealing with those that face multiple issues and chronic crisis is a heavy task. It involves professionalism, boundaries and sometimes a place to vent for the counselor afterwards.
Crisis Facilities and Law Enforcement
Since the closing of mental asylums in 1963, law enforcement and prisons have picked up the slack of dealing with those in mental crisis. This has led to many unfortunate incidents of police shootings, or police brutality cases. While most police officers and law enforcement are good people, the job of dealing with those in mental crisis is exhausting and can trigger a sane individual into actions not normal for fear of safety of self or frustration. Most police historically have dealt with criminals in the true sense. Upon apprehending of a thief, the thief understands to drop the weapon or the stop. Unfortunately in heated situations of mental crisis, people sometimes cannot emotionally understand or comprehend orders. Due to equilibrium and immobility of a person in crisis, an officer has to show constraint and avoid authoritative and aggressive commands or he/she may escalate the situation. Some officers are not able to handle this type of mental health interaction but modern policing requires it. As more and more unfortunate death by cop whether intentional or intentional occurs, the more police need trained in crisis intervention and de-escalation. Police officers who cannot handle this adjustment either need to find a new profession or soon risk the chance of ending up in prison, sued, or fired themselves.
Police are responding more and more to crisis calls than merely criminal calls. They need to be trained in how to help individuals face crisis to avoid future fatalities
James mentioned the change in policing from instrumental crimes to more expressive crimes where officers are required to adjust their approach in dealing with the person in crisis (2017, p. 102). James illustrated one of the first joint task teams of law enforcement and mental health and crisis centers with the Memphis Police Department in 1987 (James, 2017. p. 103). The Crisis Intervention Team or CIT was designed to train police when dealing with those in crisis as well as to coordinate with mental facilities instead of prisons. James pointed out that the model was not just about training police but also to help create better coordination with the mental health community and consumer advocates promoting mental health awareness (2017, p. 104). James pointed out that the program covered 40 hours of CIT training that covered cultural awareness of mental illness, substance abuse, developmental disabilities, treatment strategies and mental health resources, patient and legal rights in crisis intervention, suicide intervention, use of mobile crisis teams, education on psychotic meditations and effects, verbal defusing and de-escalating techniques and education on borderline personality disorder and other mental issues (2017, P. 105).
According to James, the program has been a success and a model for other law enforcement agencies in other communities and cities. Within its first 16 months of operation in 1987 to 1988, Memphis CIT trained officers responded to 5, 831 mental disturbance calls, transported 3, 424 cases to proper mental health facilities without patient fatality (2017, p. 106). In the 20 and more years since, more calls are received to the hotline differentiating crime and mental crisis and there has been a reduction in the use of force and more individuals being sent to mental facilities instead of jail (James, 2017, p. 106).
This is an important issue and the success shows that modern policing can meet the needs of mental crisis. Some departments also receive additional aid from social workers, chaplains and other crisis professionals on calls related to mental disturbance. This does not mean that danger and risk exists both for the person in crisis as well as the first responders but it does reduce the chance for unnecessary and tragic fatality. This should be an issue every person cares about because anyone can become a victim of crisis and police when called need to be able to de-escalate and not escalate.
Conclusion
Crisis intervention care is not for the faint of heart. It requires quick thinking and decisions which need to be adjusted on the fly as danger and possible death loom with every call. Crisis cases whether on scene or in a facility deal with acute crisis. Individuals are facing dis equilibrium and immobility. They are affected emotionally, behaviorally and cognitively. This leads to a different type of response than long term care. Crisis counselors understand the different nature of their calling and profession. In addition, mental health facilities, the public, and police are all beginning to incorporate better crisis response to negate police brutality or illegal shootings of those in crisis. This involves understanding that modern policing is more about arresting bad guys but also helping sick people find balance and the proper treatment.
Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention and Substance Abuse Specialist Programs
Those in crisis require different kinds of counseling than those in short and long term care counseling. Those in crisis have emotional and mental wounds that are intensely bleeding from within leading to sometimes lethal and dangerous decision making. Individuals feel lost and without purpose with no light at the end of the tunnel. Hence those in crisis lose cognitive and mental capabilities to make safe and logical decisions. This requires on site mental first aid and de-escalation. Those in EMT, police, FEMA, as well as chaplains and social workers who work with law enforcement approach those in crisis as mental first responders. One does not know what to expect and the job can definitely be dangerous due to the unexpected behavior of those in crisis. Individuals trained in crisis hence provide emotional and mental first aid and look to stabilize individuals from a mental and emotional way. This blog will look at the basic steps of Crisis Intervention and the role of assessing individuals in crisis.
Crisis Intervention professionals assess and implement plans to stabilize the person in crisis
Various models of Crisis Intervention look to examine the best psychological way to understand the state of crisis and how to help an individual reach pre-crisis state. Crisis professionals all agree that those in crisis experience disequilibrium as opposed to equilibrium and immobility as opposed to mobility (James, 2017, p. 48). Disequilibrium refers to lack of emotional stability, balance or poise within an individual (James, 2017, p.48) and immobility refers to the state of a being that is unable to autonomously change or cope or respond to different moods, feelings needs, conditions that require adaptation (James, 2017. p. 48). Hence it is the duty and vocation of the crisis professional to help individuals again find balance and ability to cope with the crisis inducing situation. The crisis professional is not again present to help resolve the issues causing the crisis itself but only present to help the person again find ability to cope with the situation in the heat of the moment. The crisis professional can then guide the person to appropriate resources and support to face the problems that created the conditions for crisis to occur. This involves various steps and procedures to help a person in crisis stabilize and find balance again. However, James warns that those in crisis are ones to follow steps but in reality are far more chaotic. With this in mind, these steps serve as a checklist or guidebook that can be adapted, or repeated, or reused as necessary within the process until the person again finds state of mind.
The Hybrid Model serves as a way for crisis professionals to help de-escalate the situation and help a person find pre-crisis state through seven steps. The first step is predispositioning/engaging and initiating contact (James, 2017, p. 50). This essential task sets the table and emotional response between anyone in crisis, whether one is facing little impairment or facing extreme emotional impairment. This step involves the crisis professional introducing him/herself and attempting to form some type of bond or understanding. When a person is in intense crisis, approach is key. An aggressive approach can turn the person to self harm or harm of others or also increase agitation within the mind. Trained police officers who approach someone in a mental breakdown who approach with more calmness and articulation are far better able to de-escalate as opposed to officers who approach as angry, aggressive or authoritarian. Many times, police escalate the situation of a person in crisis by challenging, commanding, or threatening. A person in crisis will not respond logically or calmly to these types of approaches. The best way is to introduce oneself calmly without threatening (James, 2017, p. 50). Within this initiation of contact, police or crisis professionals should attempt to learn the name of the person and also clarify one’s intentions in what the person in crisis should expect to happen next. Calm, clear and precise articulation can help break the ice and begin the process of de-escalation as opposed to making the situation worst.
The second task involves exploring the problem. This involves understanding the problem from the current context of the individual in crisis (James, 2017, p. 51). Key to helping and understanding requires core listening skills that encompass empathy and genuineness (James, 2017, p. 51). In this way, the crisis specialist examines the situation as a detective. H/she not only assesses the person (which we will review in the second part of the blog), but he/she also looks for clues about the current problem and addresses the person’s issue as how he/she is experiencing it. If a person is experiencing a breakdown, the crisis professional will discuss why the person is upset and reinforce understanding of why the situation is bad but also why it can be fixed. In addition to the person, the crisis professional will also see all the other issues surrounding the current issue, such as interpersonal issues, or other environmental issues and understanding how they fuel the current crisis.
The third task involves providing support. The crisis specialist, police or chaplain on the scene can provide support via continued empathetic dialogue. This includes letting the person know he/she is not alone and that the crisis specialist is a person who cares about he or she and that the crisis professional is present to help the person receive the support necessary (James, 2017, p. 52). This type of reassurance can help a person find some stability. Many individuals facing natural disasters will need those simply initial words of support to help them find some peace and calm after being completely overwhelmed. The crisis professional can supply psychological support, logistical support which leads the person to basic survival needs, such as food or water or shelter, social support which includes activating and discovering family, friends, coworkers or church, and information support which can include resources the person can access to find help (James, 2017, p. 53). Sometimes a person in crisis will need to be reassured that there is support before he/she will accept help from someone or leave a potentially dangerous situation. A crisis professional can help alleviate the hopelessness by asking and promising the help one needs. Of course, safety is a huge concern during these discussions. When weapons or erratic behavior exist, crisis specialists are at risk. Whether its a violent person in the street, a person threatening to shoot oneself with a gun in hand, the crisis specialist needs to assess, utilize the proper safety guidelines and also the backup present when hoping to diffuse and talk to individuals in a state of crisis.
The fourth task involves helping the person find alternatives to the current mode of thinking (James, 2017, p. 54). Sometimes rational ideas or different ways of viewing a crisis can help a person find some logic or some hope in finding pre-crisis state. This involves asking about situational supports the client has had in the past involving family or friends who can help, as well as offering coping mechanisms that include actions, behaviors or resources that can help the client in the temporary crisis. In addition, offering positive reframing of the current and temporary situation can help the client or person in crisis think more clearly. A crisis professional can offer a variety of solutions or alternative to the one in crisis to view the situation differently (James, 2017, p. 54). This ultimately involves a serious examination of the person’s realistic options within the current crisis situation.
Crisis Intervention counselors and specialists on scene look to help the person find emotional balance and mobility to cope with the short term problem through a series of tasks
The fifth task is to create a plan. Usually these plans are short goal but they offer order in the chaos for the person in crisis. The crisis professional offers certain ways of proceeding forward and meeting immediate and short term needs of the person. This type of grounding helps the person find some anchor in the chaos and that there are plans available to escape the crisis. This is important for individuals who may have lost a home to hurricane or a person who lost his or her job, or a person who is going through a divorce and lost his or her children. The crisis professional helps the person find order and some control (James, 2017. p. 55). The person should feel part of the plan and have autonomy within it.
The sixth and seventh tasks involve obtaining commitment on part of the person to follow through on the plan and then following up with the client within a few hours, or even days to ensure the person is still on the right path (James, 2017, p. 55-57). Commitment shows the person understands and comprehends the plan and also gives the person a sense of empowerment. Follow up is key to ensure the person still understands the plan and is meeting with the necessary agencies or persons to permit the plan to blossom. This also shows that the crisis professional cares and wants the person to be able to find permanent success following a crisis. This is important for anyone who lost a job or home and needs to contact certain groups, as well as those who were suicidal are committing to the plan of getting the help they need.
A similar model is referred to as the Robert Model. This involves assessment of the situation and person regarding lethality. Following assessment, involves rapport with the individual as found in the Hybrid model. Following rapport, identifying the problem and crisis and then exploring the emotions is addressed. Alternative options and plans are then addressed with follow up. As one can see, most models share a similar 7 step procedure that involves assessments, making contact, understanding the situation and giving options to de-escalate and help the person return to precrisis state with followup.
Interaction with Those in Crisis
Within the first task of initiating contact, it is crucial to establish trust and a bond with those experiencing crisis. Whether a person is brought to a mental health facility in a state of crisis, or arriving upon a scene, basic interaction with communication and listening skills are important. As they are in any counseling, particular ways crisis counselors speak and listen can play a big role in de-escalating a situation. Open ended questions are important that request descriptions of the situation such as “Please tell me” or “Show me” can help a person open up and communicate the crisis. In addition open ended questions that focus on plans of the person such as “What will you do?” can help make the person in crisis think. Expansion questions can help broaden the story by simply stating, “Tell me more” or questions that look to assess the situation. For most cases, “why” questions should be avoided since they provide opening for illogical defense. While it may attempt to allow one to understand, it also allows the person to intellectualize and defend why one is doing something that one should not do (James, 2017, p. 74). Close ended questions are used for more focus and quicker responses. They can obtain specifics, obtain commitments, and help focus on the issue at hand. Crisis counselors can also apply basic counseling skills that involve restatements of what the person feels as well as summaries of how the person is acting. Sometimes, restating and summarizing can allow a person in crisis to see the insanity of his/her state of mind.
In crisis, crisis professionals many time utilize owning or owning of feelings (James, 2017, p. 75). Utilizing “It” statements in what is to be done, or how one feels can help the conversation become more intimate and less confrontational as “we”. The person in crisis has only the professional to discuss, when “I” is utilized. Such as examples of ” I understand” . It is important not to falsely understand when one does not. In these cases, one should ask for clarification. Assertion statements are also useful when telling the individual what you expect and how you want someone to do something for one’s own safety. In these statements, specific actions are asked in the particular moment with “I” statements. In addition, it is important to offer positive reinforcement when applicable while working a person through crisis. Compliment the person who is able to breathe smoothly or who is starting to show control of emotions (James, 2017, p. 77).
In addition to various statements that can help create bonds and trust, as well as de-escalation, counselors need to listen with empathy and genuineness (James, 2017, p. 78). This involves empathetic listening for clues and acknowledging what the person is saying, but also understanding it while helping to guide the person to better options. It is not patronizing but serious listening and response to what is being related by the person in crisis. If the person in crisis understands that the counselor is acknowledging fears and taking what the person feels as serious, then respect can exist and the person in crisis will be more listening to reason and statements from the counselor. Through this, sometimes, a counselor can help create awareness of the situation during reflection of what the person in crisis is stating. Sometimes, restating the problem via good listening and offering a clear awareness of the difficult situation can be a great aid for the person. Sometimes, it is also important to allow the person in crisis to talk. One needs to allow sometimes for the person to talk, express, swear, curse, rant or mourn before reason can be restored (James, 2017, p. 80). In crisis intervention counseling this is referred to as catharsis. Ultimately, listening and communicating involves empathy with the client in crisis. It involves proper attending, verbal communication, reflecting feelings, and utilizing nonverbal cues and silence as a way to show empathy (James, 2017, p. 82).
Throughout the tasks, especially when discussing emotions, alternatives and plans, the crisis specialist needs to also promote expansion of the client’s tunnel vision of the temporary moment and open possibilities. This helps the client see the overall picture (James, 2017, p. 81). Sometimes during these phases and tasks, crisis counselors can also help individuals focus on the immediate issue. Many times individuals in crisis will spiral out of control and discuss multiple stressors that are not present. The crisis counselor can help partition, decompartmentalize and downsize client’s fears and stressors (James, 2017, p. 81). In addition, counselors during interaction need to know how to supply guidance and help implement order. Those in crisis and chaos depending on their level of impairment need direction and guidance. Finally, crisis counselors need to assure those they are working with that they are safe. “I” statements that assure safety and meeting of physical needs can help a person in crisis become more secure and open to de-escalation (James, 2017, p. 81).
Again, simplified, the basic ABC’s of Crisis Counseling merely involves achieving a relationship, breaking down the problem and committing to a plan of action. Identifying what activated the event, understanding the beliefs associated with it and the consequences surrounding it. This involves helping the person again find mobility and equilibrium throughout that process and utilizing the skills listed above in that process and also understanding the affective, behavioral and cognitive states of the person.
Assessment in Crisis Intervention
The tasks in helping a person find balance and mobility again are essential in crisis intervention. One of the initial observations during the first contact with a person in crisis is assessment of the person. Crisis Intervention offers a variety of assessment tools and charts to help EMT, police, chaplains and social workers to better able assess a person’s threat to oneself and others. Most assessment covers affective and emotional states, behavioral states and cognitive states. It is also important to assess whether a client has been in crisis before or if this is merely an isolated acute situation or if the person is chronic crisis with common re-entry (James, 2017, p. 69). Chronic, long term and transcrisis can all play roles in the persons limitations on resources and resiliency.
Affective states refer to one’s current mood. Hence any abnormal or impaired mood can show signs of crisis upon the scene. A person may seem over emotional or severely withdrawn. The behavioral functioning can also be important in assessing. The crisis professional observes the doing, acting and behavior of the person on scene (James, 2017, p. 58). Finally the cognitive state of the person in crisis in important in crisis. The crisis professional reviews the thinking patterns and thoughts of the person in crisis.
These three observations detail the ABC model of affective, behavioral and cognitive states (James, 2017, p.58). The Triage Assessment system and chart lists a series of questions that look at affective, behavioral and cognitive issues as well as supplying a chart to access severity of crisis (James, 2017. p. 59-64). A person’s affective state will include observing if the person is on medication or not, under a substance, experiencing psychosis or paranoid or any other mood related or physical appearances. A person’s behavioral state is ranked based on if the person is defiant, aggressive, reckless, suicidal, or violent. From a cognitive state, observations include if a person is uncooperative, impulsive, hysterical, confused or unresponsive (James, 2017, p. 60 & 68).
The Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive scales help assessment with the worst score totaling 30. Important labels include no impairment and minimal to low, moderate, marked and severe. Stable moods are contrasted moods devoid of feeling, behaviors are rated from socially appropriate to behaviors that intensify crisis, and decisions are ranked from considerate of others to decisions that are clear and present danger to self and others (James, 2017, p. 61-62). Ratings are based off of a 1 to 10 model of each facet of affective, behavioral and cognitive. Within affective, one rates anger, fear and sadness. Within behavioral, one rates approach, avoidance and immobility. Within cognitive, one ranks current transgression, perceived future threat and past reflection on loss. In addition, there exists observation questions regarding the person that looks at if the person is on or off medication. Individuals who rate within 3 to 10 total points within assessment are considered minimal impairment and need little direction and can self direct. Those with ratings of 11-15 require some guidance and direction. Those with a score of 16 to 19 are indicative of a person losing more and more control of the situation. Those with scores at 20 are potentially entering into harms way and need intense direction to avoid a lethal range, while those in the upper 20 scores have entered into a lethal range and lethality is present (James, 2017. p. 66).
Conclusion
Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program and see if it meets your academic and professional goals
Crisis Intervention is a structured response to pure and utter chaos. It is mental first aid. While structured it is adaptable and adjustable. Those who are experienced and talented utilize the core concepts and adjust and adapt in the moment. The seven tasks to help a person find balance and mobility are key as well as assessing low impairment and high impairment cases within one’s affective, behavioral and cognitive abilities. Those in crisis intervention whether in police, EMT, social work, mental health, and chaplaincy require empathy, patience and skill to safely deal with those who are harmful to self and others.
Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Specialist Program. Qualified professionals can earn a four year certification to help them within this field. Whether working at a crisis center or trained professionals on the scene, the certification can help give academic and core information that can aid others attempting to work in this high stress but high rewarding field. The program is online and independent study with mentorship as needed
Resources
Bengelsdorf, H., Levy, L. E., Emerson, R. L., & Barile, F. A. (1984). A crisis triage rating scale: Brief dispositional assessment of patients at risk for hospitalization. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172(7), 424–430. Access here
James, R & Gilliand, B. (2017). “Crisis Intervention and Strategies” (8th). Cengage.
Marschall, A. (2023). “How a Crisis Intervention Provides Mental Health Support”. Very Well Mind. Access here
Myer, R. A., Lewis, J. S., & James, R. K. (2013). The introduction of a task model for crisis intervention. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 35(2), 95–107. Access here
Roberts, A. & Ottens, A. (2005). “The Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model: A Road Map to Goal Attainment, Problem Solving, and Crisis Resolution”. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention. Access here
