Most individuals suffer from depression or anxiety in the field of mental health. Some of it is behavioral but other elements exist chemically and biologically, as well as triggered by past trauma. All of these considerations need to be taken into account. This video looks at panic attacks, what they are, what triggers them and how to cope.
Please also review AIHCP’s Crisis Intervention Program, as well as Stress Management, and in addition AIHCP’s Trauma Informed Care Program
Meditation is a powerful imaginative tool to heal the body and connect it to higher meanings and purposes. Secular society has branded it and many have turned to Eastern techniques to maximize its potential. Even, AIHCP itself offers a variety of secular based meditation courses that lead to certification and aid individuals in utilizing meditation for better health. However, within the norms of Christianity, meditation has always existed within its own right and discipline. In AIHCP’s SC600 course, “Christian Meditation”, the ideals of Biblical base meditation are explored as the word opens the mind to the life of Christ and His mother. For the Christian, the health and order meditation affords is a side benefit but the primary purpose is to lift one’s mind to God in a deeper union. St Ignatius Loyola fully understood the power of meditation as a tool to becoming closer to God. Ignatian spiritual meditation is best discovered and learned in his spiritual exercises. St Ignatius’ Loyola’s meditations are Christ0-centric and biblical based upon the life of Christ and invite the senses and imagination to discover Christ and elevate one’s entire being to His worship. This blog will take a closer look at how St Ignatius utilizes meditation in his exercises.
Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification as well as AIHCP’s developing Spiritual Direction Program.
Throughout the four weeks, Ignatius invites the soul to live the life of Christ by meditating on His birth, His early life, His passion, as well as His resurrection. Many times quoting Scripture directly, he invites the soul into the mysteries of Christ with deep commentary on Scripture that investigates the majesty of the Word becoming Flesh and focusing in great detail things that exist between the lines of the verses found in Scripture.
He presents each mystery or part of Christ’s life with various preludes. He invites the reader to review each prelude, ranging from 1 to 3 preludes, to further enter into a deeper meditation about th the mystery. For instance, when inviting the soul to contemplate the deeper mystery of the Nativity, he opens with a prayer and then presents 3 preludes to mediate upon and 3 additional points. In doing, so he invites the reader to not only think about or read, but to encounter the moment as a witness. He asks the reader to imagine oneself being there as an outside observer and as the reader becomes more quiet and focused, introduces other elements of the Nativity to dwell upon. Within the Nativity, he asks us to dwell upon the cave or stable, the coldness of the weather, and the humility of Joseph and Mary. He pushes us to consider their state of mind, as well as the quietness of the night and the ignorance of the world to not recognize the coming of God on earth. He also invites what he refers to as a colloquy or short conversation with the person in the story. Whether St Joseph, Mary, or the Christ child, the reader is invited to not only mediate and dwell but also to engage into the story.
Ignatius felt it prudent to apply the five senses to any meditation. For instance, upon reception of Communion, he emphasized we engage the Eucharist with our senses of sight, hearing, taste and smell and touch. In sight, he asks us to imagine the Christ in the Eucharist and the powerful mystical miracle behind it. With our ears, to hear the words of Christ, either consoling, gentle reprimanding, forgiving, or advising us. With our taste and smell, to feel the inner pains and joys of Christ in the world. Finally with touch, to imagine literally, as the apostles did, reaching out and touching Christ. Many times, Ignatius hoped to extract deep emotion, even tears, to provoke conversation and piety before the Lord.
Again, he utilizes the same procedure and format throughout Christ’s life. As with the Nativity, he asks us during Christ’s passion to walk with Christ from the garden to the cross. Again with preludes to focus upon and words of prayer to engage, we kneel and pray with Christ in the garden and stand with Him at the cross. Since Christ is divine and God, the Divinity of Christ can hear our echoes of consolation and contrition in the moment of His suffering. Like Symon of Cyrene, through meditation and placing ourselves at the spot, we can meditate upon the past but also be part of the living event. Because again of Christ’s divinity and lack of temporal time limitations, He can hear and see all events. So while dying for past, present and future sins not committed yet temporally on the cross, He can also hear and see our consolations and acts of love from the past and future. St Ignatius invites our senses to help us be there and experience Christ in meditation and to not only think about what occurred but to also engage Him in the moment. I make reference to this in my Echo Meditation blog.
So as we pray and mediate, mediate as if physically present and utilize the senses to become more close to God. St Ignatius gives us the tools and images in his exercises to help aid us in finding Christ in the Gospels and opening Him to us in a real and present way. Through his preludes, points and emphasis on engaging the senses, one can find a more intimate union with Christ in meditation. This is a true Christian meditation that finds its basis in Scripture and Christ and helps the soul engage, learn and become closer to God.
Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification, as well as its future Spiritual Direction Program. Also, please review AIHCP’s Meditation instructor Program which offers a more secular approach to meditation. Please also if not enrolled, consider for CE purposes taking AIHCP’s Ignatian Spirituality course, SC620
Echo Meditation: Access here
Eastern and Western Meditation. Access here
The Spiritual Exercises of St Ignatius
O’Brien, K. “Ignatian Contemplation: Imaginative Prayer”. IgnatianSpirituality.com. Access here
How to Pray: A Step-by-Step Guide to Ignatian Contemplation (2024). Focus. Access here
Lilly, J. “How to Do an Ignatian Meditation” Youth Apostles. Access here
William Glasser created reality therapy, and it rests on choice theory. This theory states people can control their behavior with conscious choices. This method differs from older therapies. Those methods focus on mental illness and hidden motives. Reality therapy helps clients take responsibility and decide for themselves. The therapy asks people to meet four basic needs. These needs are belonging, power, freedom, and fun. Meeting these needs allows people to make positive changes in their lives. We should study Glasser and Alfred Adler together, and Adler led Individual Psychology. Both experts show social interest and belonging have importance for mental health. Their work reveals similarities and differences in their ways of changing behavior. Workplace stress is more common today, and new methods like reality therapy are strong options. They provide alternatives to the usual ways of helping.(Patricia A Robey et al., 2017). With the increasing prevalence of stress-related issues, such as those highlighted in workplace settings, innovative therapies like reality therapy offer promising alternatives to conventional methods (Jonge TD, 2019)
Please also review AIHCP’s Healthcare Certification.
Overview of Reality Therapy
William Glasser developed Reality Therapy. This approach focuses on personal responsibility and the importance of meeting basic psychological needs. These needs include love, power, and freedom. Meeting these needs helps people achieve mental health and well-being. Choice Theory sits at the core of this model. It states that individuals have the power to choose their own behaviors to meet their needs. Therapy sessions build a partnership between the therapist and the client. This relationship allows them to explore choices. The client evaluates their own actions and sets realistic goals. New tools like augmented reality (AR) help the way therapists and clients interact today. Wearable AR devices like Google Glass and Microsoft HoloLens work well in medical settings. They help patients stay involved and support training programs (). Virtual reality (VR) tools work in many therapy settings. These tools show the use of technology in mental health treatment ()..(Baashar Y et al., 2023)). Likewise, virtual reality (VR) technologies are being explored for their applications in various therapeutic contexts, highlighting a forward-looking integration of technology in mental health treatment ((Mazurek J et al., 2019)).
William Glasser was a known psychiatrist and helped the field of psychotherapy. He created Reality Therapy and used his choice theory as a base. This method stresses that people have the power to make their own choices. These choices affect their emotional and mental health. Glasser’s work is like the ideas of Alfred Adler. Both men see that social interest and belonging matter for mental health. They both see behavior as a conscious choice. Glasser worked on school practices and wanted teachers to be more connected and responsive. This teaching style fits his psychological ideas. Glasser taught people to take responsibility for their actions and their relationships. His work still matters today. It gives clear facts about how people act and grow.(Patricia A Robey et al., 2017). Furthermore, Glasser’s contributions extend beyond therapy to include educational practices, advocating for a more connected and responsive teaching methodology that aligns with his psychological principles. By encouraging individuals to take responsibility for their actions and relationships, Glassers impact continues to resonate, offering valuable insights into human behavior and personal development (Browne D et al., 2012).
Reality Therapy places an overall positive spin on human nature and its ability for beneficial change. It also looks more so at the subjective needs of the person which can limit its overall good for others, but it does teach one to take account of own’s action and to be mindful of others in determining what is best for oneself. In addition to accountability, it instills hope, self reliance and self control in facing issues. One is made aware of what needs to be done by being brought into confrontation with one’s negative behaviors.
One weakness within Glasser was his dismissal of pathology and instead seeing most issues to be concerning one’s own behavior and lack of accountability. While more modern aspects admit for deeper issues of pathology, many issues of depression or anxiety or more so thought of as the issue of the person him or herself and not taking accountability.
Foundations of Reality Therapy
William Glasser developed the base principles of Reality Therapy. These principles focus on how personal choice and responsibility affect a person’s mental health. Glasser’s choice theory stays at the center of this method. This theory calls all behavior a choice from 5 basic human needs. These needs include love, belonging, power, freedom, and fun. This idea matches Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology and connects to the value of social interest. It includes community belonging to show a shared understanding of mental health. Reality Therapy uses ideas from relational-cultural theory. This helps the method work well for clients from many backgrounds and builds a space to respect different cultures. These links show the social parts of counseling. They make the process work better and prove the Glasser framework fits in modern mental health work.(Patricia A Robey et al., 2017). Furthermore, by integrating concepts from relational‐cultural theory, Reality Therapy advances its effectiveness across diverse client backgrounds, fostering a culturally responsive therapeutic environment. This synergy not only illustrates the relational dimensions emphasized in counseling but also enhances the therapeutic process, demonstrating the adaptability and relevance of Glassers framework in contemporary mental health practices (Haskins N et al., 2017).
William Glasser’s reality therapy relies on core principles and a specific philosophy. These ideas are the basis for his work on mental health and personal growth. This method centers on the idea that people choose their own actions. Glasser claims this freedom is a key part of health. This view fits with pragmatist philosophy. That philosophy sees reality as operational. It stresses that people must solve real-world problems to make good changes. Glasser’s ideas also match parts of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology. He focuses on social interest and the need to belong. These points show how people stay linked to their communities. All these ideas show a drive to help people understand reality. They do this through active work and informed choices. These concepts changed the way therapists work.(Haṡok Chang, 2022). Moreover, Glasser’s concepts echo the tenets of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology, particularly regarding social interest and the significance of belonging, which emphasize the connectedness of individuals within their communities (Patricia A Robey et al., 2017). Collectively, these core ideas reveal a commitment to enhancing ones understanding of reality through active engagement and informed choices, reshaping the therapeutic landscape.
William Glasser’s Choice Theory forms the base of Reality Therapy. The theory claims individuals have the inherent power to control their own behaviors. These choices directly affect their emotional health and overall well-being. Choice Theory focuses on personal responsibility to help people shape their lives. It suggests clients are active agents in their lives rather than victims of circumstances. This framework works very well in therapeutic settings. Clients think about their choices and learn to understand their motivations. These inner motivations drive their daily actions. People look at their decisions to find patterns leading to unhealthy behaviors. Then they work toward better fitting choices to meet their psychological needs. Virtual reality cognitive therapy shows how well this treatment method works. This tool lets clients face and change their delusions through different outcomes. The experience helps people heal and grow through the power of Choice Theory.(Anna M Wiese et al., 2024)(Freeman D et al., 2016).
Techniques and Application
Study the methods and uses of Reality Therapy. Tools like virtual reality (VR) improve these sessions. William Glasser built this field on choice and personal responsibility. VR provides a way to use Reality Therapy ideas in deep and active ways. For example, VR creates simulated worlds for people to experience. Therapists use these worlds for their clients. These worlds test their views and choices right then. This process helps people think about themselves. It helps them build better decision skills. Virtual rehab has changed over time. Early uses for phobias and brain issues show a link. VR links mental and physical health fields. These tools help therapy work better and faster. These tech tools fit the main ideas from Glasser. They create new therapy types. These new methods make therapy easier to get. They are easier to change for different client needs.(Mazurek J et al., 2019)(G Burdea, 2009). Such technological advancements not only align with Glassers core concepts but also pave the way for innovative therapeutic modalities that make therapy more accessible and adaptable for various client needs.
We study key methods used in therapy sessions. We look at how Virtual Reality Therapy (VRT) fits with Reality Therapy. William Glasser created Reality Therapy. VRT provides a direct way to work in therapy. It puts clients into controlled virtual spaces. These spaces give people direct contact with triggers causing anxiety. This method helps treat social anxiety disorder. It allows for slow exposure in a safe setting. It avoids the hard scheduling and the logistical tasks of traditional in vivo exposure therapy (iVET). Therapists use technology to adjust sessions for each client. This helps make learning easier and helps people adapt to the real world. VRT works well and shows a change in therapy. Flexible methods are needed to help many different groups grow and stay healthy every day.(Naran J, 2025)(Caponnetto P et al., 2021). By leveraging technology, therapists can tailor experiences to meet individual client needs, enhancing learning and adaptation in real-world contexts. The effectiveness of VRT reflects a shift in therapeutic paradigms, emphasizing the necessity for adaptable methods to support personal growth and well-being in diverse populations.
William Glasser created Reality Therapy. People use this method in many places and groups. It works well in schools, clinics, and community centers. Teachers use Reality Therapy in schools to help students behave better. This method helps students take responsibility for their actions. It helps learners feel like they belong and can succeed. Doctors use this therapy for people with mental health issues like anxiety. They use methods like Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET). These tools create safe spaces where patients practice social skills. Reality Therapy helps people who need rehabilitation. This group includes patients recovering from strokes or living with chronic pain. The therapy uses tools like virtual reality. These tools keep patients active and help them recover faster. These examples show the flexibility of Reality Therapy. It works well and helps many people feel better.(Caponnetto P et al., 2021). Additionally, Reality Therapy is effective in populations requiring rehabilitation, such as patients recovering from strokes or dealing with chronic pain, leveraging innovative tools like virtual reality to enhance engagement and reduce recovery time (Dwarkadas AL et al., 2024). These settings underscore Reality Therapy’s adaptability and efficacy in promoting psychological well-being across various demographics.
Glasser and other reality therapists push individuals to take accountability for how they feel and what they want. In this way there are a few techniques to keep in mind. First, they WDEP formula of facing issues. What is the want, what is one doing to reach it, how is one evaluating and assessing one’s behavior and how is one planning to fix it. This makes the person a far more active participant in one’s mental health. Instead of becoming merely a victim to anxiety or depression, a reality therapist will challenge the client. Instead of saying I feel depressed, the therapist will verbalize it to why are you depressing yourself. While for some this may be good, for others facing genetic or chemical depression, it is far less effective. In some classical cases, many saw such behaviors of depression or anxiety also as ways one tried to control others. Some individuals do manipulate with mental illness, but this is not the case for all. Hence for some, this can help, for others, this type of therapy can cause issues.
Impact and Criticisms
William Glasser used reality therapy to change many ways of treating people. This method makes clients take personal responsibility for their own daily actions. Critics now point out problems with the theory and the way it works in life. Supporters link reality therapy to relational-cultural theory. They believe these combined ideas help many different groups of people (). Other people doubt the focus on choice and social bonds. To them, this view ignores deep social and mental problems. This limit makes the method less useful for some people in the real world (). The theory calls behavior a conscious choice. This view ignores many hard parts of the human experience. Real life often lacks the control found in the theory. These points show the need for a better understanding. It works best with other ways of treating clients.(Haskins N et al., 2017)). Despite this, skeptics question the efficacy of Glassers emphasis on choice and social connectedness, arguing that it may overlook deeper systemic and psychological issues faced by individuals, thereby limiting its overall effectiveness ((Patricia A Robey et al., 2017)). Moreover, the simplified notion of behavior as a conscious choice can disregard the complexities of human experience, which may not always align with the agency that reality therapy prescribes. These critiques underscore the need for a nuanced understanding of reality therapys application and its potential to integrate with other therapeutic modalities.
William Glasser developed Reality Therapy. This effective method focuses on personal choice and responsibility. It shows how a person can control their own behavior to meet basic psychological needs. The therapist prioritizes the needs of the client for love, power, freedom, and fun at the same time. This approach builds an environment for personal growth and strong relationships. Research shows that Reality Therapy matches relational-cultural theory. Combining these ideas makes the therapy better for different cultures. This creates a useful therapy for many different people in society. Glasser’s ideas match the main points of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology. Adler valued social connection and belonging too. These links show the flexibility of the therapy in helping with psychosocial issues effectively. The complete nature of this therapy offers many benefits for clients who want to make constructive changes.(Haskins N et al., 2017). Furthermore, Glassers concepts resonate with foundational principles of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology, where the importance of social connection and belonging is equally emphasized, showcasing the therapeutic versatility of Reality Therapy in addressing psychosocial issues effectively (Patricia A Robey et al., 2017). Overall, the comprehensive nature of Reality Therapy provides significant benefits to clients seeking constructive change.
Reality Therapy uses a new method, but people find flaws and limits in the system. The system simplifies hard mental health issues too much for some critics. Critics say focusing on personal choice hides the effects of money and trauma. Glasser uses choice theory to help people feel in control. This method puts too much pressure on a person to fix their life. Slow change or unreachable goals lead to feelings of guilt or inadequacy. The COVID-19 pandemic made online therapy happen much faster than before. This shift showed that therapists need more training and knowledge. People now worry about session quality and rules for online sessions. Reality Therapy looks like many other types of clinical care. It lacks enough hard data to support its ideas. This lack of proof stops more experts from using the system.(Sampaio M et al., 2021). Moreover, while Reality Therapy shares similarities with other therapeutic modalities, the lack of extensive empirical support for its frameworks limits its broader acceptance in the mental health community (Patricia A Robey et al., 2017).
Conclusion
We look at the work William Glasser did for reality therapy. We clearly see his main points. He focused on personal responsibility and choice for good, effective clinical work. Mental health fields change over time. Virtual reality therapy (VRET) now works as a useful addition to old methods. It can improve treatments for anxiety disorders and more. VRET creates a deep experience for the user. This setting helps people face fears. It removes limits often found in real-world exposure therapy. Research shows VRET and standard methods work equally well. It costs less. It offers more flexibility. These traits make it a strong choice for many clinical uses. Therapists now add new tools to their work. Glasser’s principles still guide clients toward meaningful change and improved mental health. This shows his ideas still matter today.(Meyerbr Köker, 2021) (Caponnetto P et al., 2021).
The power of Reality Therapy lies in its focus on choice and personal responsibility. William Glasser laid out these principles in his work. This method relies on the idea that people choose their own actions and life results. This view helps clients take an active role when they face personal challenges. It helps them face these problems directly. Reality Therapy builds mental health through strong relationships and personal achievements. Clients work to meet basic psychological needs. These needs include belonging, power, freedom, and fun. Recent research shows that Glasser’s ideas match several parts of Individual Psychology. These parts include social interest and choosing how to behave. This method shares traits with other models. It stays unique in how people use it in practice. The model creates real change by looking at choice and responsibility.(Patricia A Robey et al., 2017). This therapeutic framework, while sharing similarities with other models, remains distinct in its practical application, promoting significant therapeutic change through the lens of choice and responsibility (Wedding D, 2010).
William Glasser changed therapy when he created reality therapy and choice theory. These ideas still influence how psychologists work today. Glasser focused on personal responsibility and how people choose their behavior. His work matches the ideas of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology. Both men believed that social connection and belonging are central to mental health. Therapy methods change over time as research grows. More experts now see the value in the broad view Glasser first shared. Mixing psychology, medicine, and education makes therapy work better. This mix reflects the original vision of Lightner Witmer. He wanted a single field that went beyond old limits. Glasser’s work drives new ideas in therapy. His work leads to more connected mental health care.(Patricia A Robey et al., 2017). As the therapeutic landscape continues to evolve, there is an increasing recognition of the need for a multidisciplinary perspective that mirrors Glasser’s original insights. This blend of psychological, medical, and educational frameworks not only amplifies the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions but also echoes Lightner Witmers vision of a cohesive discipline that transcends traditional boundaries (Browne D et al., 2012). Glassers legacy thus serves as a catalyst for future innovations in therapeutic practice, fostering a more integrated approach to mental health care.
Please also review AIHCP’s Healthcare Certification Programs.
Gestalt Therapy: Access here
Person Centered Counseling. Access here
Personal Psychology. Access here
Tan, S-Y. (2022). Counseling and psychotherapy: a Christian perspective. (2nd Edition). Baker Academic, a division of the Baker Publishing Group.
“Reality Therapy”. Psychology Today. Access here
Loggins, B. (2025). VeryWellMind. Access here
Sutton, J. (2021). “10 Best Reality Therapy Techniques, Worksheets, & Exercises”. Positive Psychology.com. Access here
Boundaries are not selfish but important lines of what one can or cannot do, or is willing to endure from another person. They are healthy and help clarify where one begins and ends in relationship to other people. This video takes a closer look at why they are so important for all aspects of life that go beyond personal but also to professional and relational. Please also review AIHCP’s Healthcare Certification Programs
One of the things we naturally seek to avoid first in life is pain. The body’s nervous system is designed to identify injury through nerve receptors warning the brain of damage through the impulse one experiences as pain. The art of healing and medicine itself surrounds itself with the motto of “do not harm”. Pain reduction and pain relief medications are key parts of many individuals daily consumption. And even with grief counseling and pastoral care, counselors look to make a person comfortable and at peace-reducing pain. Physical pain can be acute to an injury , disease or infirmity, but it can also take forms in negation, such as the absence of comfort, food, or warmth. Hunger, coldness, or exposure can lead to great pain and discomfort. Pain is hence the burrs of life as opposed to the glows of it. Instead of the soft touch, it is the brute strike, instead of the gentle rub, it is the piercing blow-it is the unpleasant sense or feeling associated with discomfort or even possible damage to the body.
This of course applies to one type of pain, namely physical pain. The burr and sensation of this physical stimuli is but one negative experiences that one could equate as “pain”. Pain and suffering as a negation of pleasure and happiness encompasses other parts of being beyond the mere body but also can affect the mind and soul. The positive glows and sensations of love are torn away through negative burrs of isolation, separation, rejection, loss, and hate. Joy is replaced with discontent, anxiety and depression. Security can be met with fear or longing. Indeed, the pains of the mind are in many ways far worst than the pains of the body. One needs to only look at the horrendous loss experiences of a parent who loses a child, or other close losses of family and friends. The suffering tied to acute pain is temporary and tied to a wound, but the suffering tied to a mental wound, loss, death, or trauma is tied to a life time.
The temporal world to the Christian is a fallen world tied to this reality. It is because of the sin of Adam that death and suffering entered into human existence. Adam’s descendants inherited the fallen world and became prey to the desolation of “this valley of tears”. God, however, in His infinite mercy sent His only Son to redeem humanity from sin. However, in doing so, He too suffered. He suffered a life where the world knew Him not, arriving in a cold stable, to be ushered into a life of little luxuries while working tirelessly under His father as a carpenter. Yet not demanding the royal life that justice demanded, He humbled Himself and in His daily life offered Himself to God in not only discomforts, but also numerous pains and aches of daily life. He shared in a person’s daily griefs and losses. He buried His father, Joseph, and wept over the execution of His cousin, St John the Baptist, and again wept, in Scripture, over the death of Lazarus prior to rising him. These pains and sufferings could have alone redeemed humanity, but sin demanded so much more. The evil world and its inclinations would not allow Christ’s escape so easy. Instead, Christ was brutally beaten, scourge and crucified for humanity’s redemption. Yet, through this pain and suffering that so many avoid, Christ embraced. He embraced His cross, carried it and offered Himself. Christ, the Suffering Servant, redeemed humanity through suffering and served as an example to those who followed how to live a holy and good life in a fallen world. Christ told His followers to also take up their cross, but St Paul also reminds us that those who suffer with Christ, will also rise in Christ!
This is the Christian message. It is quite different than the message of the world. Where the world looks to avoid inconvenience and complain about misgivings, Christ teaches us to offer them up. Where the world teaches to reject our cross or hardships, Christ teaches us to embrace them. Where the world sees power in pride and comfort, Christ sees glory in humility and sacrifice. Ultimately, the world’s promise is empty. It may claim a recipe for pleasure but it fails to meet the needs of happiness. Everything in the world can be taken away, even our loved ones. Illusions of happiness tied to avarice and greed lead one to a false worship and bad priorities.
One may reply that such a desire to suffer is foolish and blind and quite pessimistic outlook on life, but what we will see is quite the opposite. The Christian approach to pain and suffering is not one of despair or loss but one of realistic optimism. Realistic in that it acknowledges the darkness and pains of this world, but optimistic in that through Christ, there is another reality that is perfect and free from pain and suffering. Romans 8:18 declares that our present sufferings cannot compare to the eternal glory and 1 Peter 5:10 assures us that our suffering here will be little and through Christ we will be restored. We must remember, with Christ we die, but also with Christ we rise!
Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Grief Counseling Program.
A secular person may find it quite silly to accept pain and suffering. He or she might also find it odd to purposely fast, or seek out discomfort. Of course, Christians do not want to suffer, nor does God wish for us to suffer, but the reality of the temporal world is that suffering and loss occurs. This is not because God is a cruel sadist, but because of sin. The free will of Adam and the discord of Lucifer play the villainous reasons for the reality of suffering. Christians do not truly seek out suffering but they accept it. They accept it because one cannot escape the reality of it but also they embrace the opportunity it affords because it helps shape and give meaning to life. Christ showed that suffering can be redemptive and for His followers to also take up their cross. Scripture states, “For unto you it is given for Christ, not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for him (Philipp 1:20). Again in Gal.2:19, “With Christ I am nailed to the cross”. St Paul exclaims “Who now rejoices in my sufferings for you, and fill up those things that are wanting of the sufferings of Christ, in my flesh, for his body, which is the church (Col. 1:24)
So what is the purpose of this suffering then? If Christ paid atonement for the sins of humanity, why must humanity suffer too for those sins? Again, Christ told His followers to take up their cross and the Apostles faced gruesome ends of execution in that path, so Christians too are called to be suffering pilgrims in this cold world. Christ alone paid the price of sin via the redemption, but through Baptism, Christians must access the grace and merits of Jesus’ blood to their souls through a working faith and working salvation. Faith is more than a mere assent to Christ as Savior, but faith entails fruits, for St James states, “faith without works is dead”. This in no way dares assume that one’s works or suffering merit one’s redemption and therefore salvation. A Christians sufferings and works without faith and grace are meaningless. A monk could abstain, fast and offer a multitude of discomforts but none of these actions alone without Christ have any merit to his salvation. Christ is the High Priest and sole Mediator. He is both the Priest and Victim and the source of humanity’s redemption. In this way, in taking up one’s cross, individuals must unite their works and sufferings to Christ. If one fasts, or one offers up an insult, or patiently endures criticism, or fasts, or quietly endures a physical pain, they must offer these things to Christ and tie them solely to Him to offer to the Father. When alone these gestures are meaningless and powerless, but when tied to Christ, they become salvific. They become an application of His redemption to oneself in the form of grace to oneself or others.
As St Paul points out the analogy of the Church is the Mystical Body of Christ throughout Ephesians, Colossians and Corinthians. Christ is the Head and the baptized are its Body and Members. Through this, one’s sufferings is felt throughout the Body of Christ and when directed to the Head, who is Christ, then it can be used as a key to unlock many graces earned by Christ through His redemption. One’s sufferings that are offered to Christ in this way are not part of the redemption itself, but an unlocking of it for self and others which allows one to bathe in the Blood of Christ and the merits of it. These sufferings are then not redemptive in that it subtracts from Christ’s sacrifice or adds to it, but they allow one to share in it. Christ alone paid for the debt of sin but our sufferings can allow one to share in it and also apply the merits earned by the cross. In doing so, one, as stated in Romans 12:1, is able “to present your bodies as a living sacrifice”, and as Paul also points again as a “working faith” (Gal 5:6)
Through Christ, suffering then becomes redemptive and a way to apply the mysteries and grace of the cross. Without Christ, the secular person would be correct to find the absurdity to embrace it or even seek it, but through Christ suffering is more than temporal loss and pain but a redemptive force that finds meaning alone in the death of Christ with the promise of resurrection.
This perfectly balances Christ’s lone and sufficient redemptive work but also illustrates the role working faith and suffering plays in applying that sacrifice. Unlike the heretical theology of Pelagius, we do not earn redemption, for it is a gift alone, but unlike the extremities of Luther, we are not merely passively redeemed either. The sacrifice was once and perfect and sufficient but we must seek it. Scripture is clear that this starts with the assent of faith that is followed through the work of faith. Hence all suffering we offer is not redemptive as if to add or substract from the passion of Christ or as to earn our forgiveness but it is accessing the salvation and graces earned by Christ for our sins.
As stated, when suffering is united to Christ, we share in Christ’s suffering and our suffering has meaning and redemptive value for ourselves. This does not mean it replaces, or adds, or even subtracts the pain of Christ on the cross, but it allow one to share in those sufferings of Christ and unite their own sufferings to the Father through Christ. Without such a thing, these trivial inconveniences, or sufferings would be meaningless in the infinite vastness of a lifetime. However, when tied to Christ, they become applicable. They can tap into Christ’s redemption and apply its fruits to oneself or throughout the Body of Christ. In our suffering, we are in no way becoming a co-redeemer, but merely sharing what Christ has done and applying it. This gives great meaning to simple discomforts, or aches, when offered to the Father through Christ. Again Romans 12:12 states “be patient in affliction”. In addition, one can seek to atone for one’s past sins through penance and offerings to God through Christ in these sufferings. By tying our own sufferings to Christ, we can apply more fruitfully the infinite merits of Christ to our soul and partake in the great gift earned by Christ for us on the cross. Through offerings, one can burn in love for Christ on earth.
One has the great opportunity to turn a product of sin into a transforming and redemptive experience with meaning beyond this world. One can offer up one’s daily duty and all the trials and tribulations that come with it. One can unite one’s cross with Christ and find meaning in the pain and suffering. By imitating Christ and then uniting everything to Him as our sole Mediator and High Priest, one can spiritually transform the ordinary into the extraordinary.
In offering things up, the soul also cures the body. The soul reasserts its mastery over the broken bond due to the sin of Adam. The temporal body is inclined to its passions and comforts, but through offerings to God through fasting, abstaining and sufferings, one reclaims mastery over the body and teaches it discipline. One teaches the body the disciplines of control and moderation and allows the Holy Spirit to infuse and share the virtues of purity and temperance. The body learns to avoid lust, gluttony, greed and the comfort and solace of physical things and instead to seek the spiritual companionship of Christ. The body then not only offers reparation through Christ for its sins but seeks to cultivate within it a more pleasing abode for the Holy Spirit. In this way, suffering is not only redemptive but also sculpting. Through fire, the soul is purged and made clean and as the Scripture teaches, helps the body learn perseverance, need of God and hope (Romans 5:3-4)
Still many souls seek to become closer to Christ through suffering. They wish to share with Christ their sufferings as a simple offering to His altar. Like Simon of Cyrene, who was called to help carry Christ’s cross, they seek to partake and share in this suffering. Of course Simon did not redeem humanity, but he played a special role in sharing with Christ the cross, much like a server at the altar before the priest, he plays a role in preparing the sacrifice but is not the sacrifice itself. Others wish to offer simple offerings, much like St Veronica who wiped the face of Christ during the carrying of His cross- such a simple and small consolation! Yet, like a parent who accepts even the smallest and insignificant gift from a child, such acts of sweetness and love have great meaning. As a parent, so does Christ find great consolation and love when a spiritual child wishes to share with Him in His grief. While such simple consolations cannot subtract from the sufferings He endured, they can offer reparation, worship and love for what He did. While the Romans and Jews mocked Him, we can offer to Him, especially during Lent, our sufferings and consolations. By offering one’s sufferings as an act of gratitude to Christ, we like a small child, offer the smallest gift, but still a gift that our Lord greatly appreciates. In that echo of history, within that timeless sacrifice of Christ, He can hear our soothing words among the hateful jeers of the crowd, and He can sense our offering, as small as it is, as a consolation and sharing with Him.
Many saints before sought to share intimately and deeply their sufferings with Christ in this way. Some saints simply did through the most simple deeds of their daily duty, or through the quiet of an injustice, while others shared this through martyrdom and death for Christ. Some even mystically, such as St Francis of Assisi or Padre Pio shared in Christ’s suffering through the stigmata. These acts of charity and love for Christ from smallest to biggest all carry value when tied to Him. He finds immense joy when those who saved seek to offer love and reparation to Him by applying His death to one’s merit.
Suffering can only have meaning in the fallen world and be redemptive through Christ. Christ first set the example by not only His life but also through His cross. His redemption was complete and satisfactory for all sin, but not all people accepted this great gift for their sins. When we offer up our sufferings, alone they are meaningless, but when we offer them in union with Christ, we apply the merits earned on Calvary by Christ for our soul. In this way, random acts of the day, as well as suffering, when united with Christ, permit the soul to share in the sufferings of Christ and also apply its merits for reparation. Christian tradition teaches that one must carry his or her cross and that one who suffers with Christ will rise with Christ. This gives new meaning to suffering and its redemptive power. Christ conquered death through His resurrection and turned suffering into a redemptive quality that when tied to Him becomes a pleasing sacrifice to the Father. We can actively partake, share and apply the merits of Christ to our soul as well as offer acts of charity to the crucified Christ for such a gift. In this way, suffering has great merit to the Christian as well as granting meaning and definition to the most senseless and painful things.
Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification as well as its Christian Grief Counseling Program.
Christian Suffering and Job- Access here
Christian Suffering: A Unique Theism- Access here
Faith and Loss- Access here
John Paul 2 (1984). “Salvifici Doloris”. Access here
Understanding Suffering in Christian Life. Bible Hub. Access here
Pastor David. (2025). 35 Important Bible Verses About Suffering As A Christian (Explained). Bible Repository. Access here
All human beings are called to know, love and serve God. This is a Divine mandate that answers to the virtue of justice. Within justice, the amount of what is due is given to the other. In the case of God, His creation owes to Him worship and service, but God in His infinite love and mercy, has not only made us His creation but also His children. By making us in His own image and likeness, He has called us into a real spiritual dialogue and relationship with Him. Through grace, He has elevated us to the underserved titles of “sons and daughters”.
Through free will, God gives us the choice to exist in this state of happiness or to choose our own happiness. Like the demons before, many individuals reject this offer and use their gift of free will to their damnation. Instead of knowing, loving and serving God, they choose to know the world, love oneself and serve indirectly Satan. They walk away from the banner of Christ and instead choose the quick and easy road of immediate pleasure and vice that destroys the soul.
Each person beyond the basis of justice to know, love and serve the Lord, has unique a vocation or particular calling that is beyond our universal call to know, love and serve God. There are different types of callings and vocations within life that compliment one’s universal calling. One fulfills vocation when one offers to Christ all actions, no matter how mundane, and through God’s grace turns the ordinary events of the day into extraordinary events by tying them to Christ as one’s High Priest. Every decision in one way or another is a decision that leads one to our ultimate end which is God. In this blog, we will discuss vocations that are general as well as the existential vocation of one’s life and how to better think about, prepare and undertake it.
Spiritual Advisors and Directors are excellent resources to help souls discover their unique path. All souls have a general path that we share through the Church, but we each have special unique trails we can discover through discernment and prayer.. Spiritual Advisors can help souls find these paths and trails and shine light on God’s direction. Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification as well as AIHCP’s Spiritual Direction Program.
We all have a vocation. Christ told the apostles, to pick up their cross and to follow Him. As Christians, we are to know, love and serve God. We are to manifest within our lives the light of Christ to the world. This is our universal vocation. All things we do must either contribute to this, or at least remain neutral and non-detrimental to that function. While spiritually, our vocation to spiritual life is central, we must also fulfill our relational vocations to others. Those in ministry have unique relations as well as those who are married or single. All callings are important and equal when they meet the call of Christ. Our spiritual calling is the highest call of our vocation and this is met through prayer and love of God and neighbor.
As temporal beings, we have many other needs and hence vocational obligations. As stated these temporal things are important to our existence. They must either contribute to our spiritual end, or at least remain neutral and non-hindering to that end. In this way, one’s profession can be seen as a vocation. A father or mother who works long hours to support the children is fulfilling a parental vocation but also a professional one to afford basic care, food, shelter and clothing, as well as service to the employer. Hence any duties in themselves can become daily vocations. Any relationships that need to be cared or tended can also become a daily vocation. Like St Joseph, we offer these daily duties as a worker, father, or spouse to God. Like St. Theresa the Little Flower, we turn the most mundane act of sweeping the convent floors as duties we perform for the glory of God. We hence fulfill our daily duty and vocation and transform something so mundane and ordinary into something extraordinary when we do them with excellence and love of God. These daily events then themselves become prayers to God.
Some events in the day can be distractions to salvation. Events that steal from our primary vocation and end which is God, as well as take energy, time and emotion from our core duties are distractions and illusions of the world. These distractions hope to push us away from our duties to God, self and family. In discernment, when we engage in activities we must diagnose them in accordance with our primary end, our daily duties and responsibilities. Do these actions deviate from our end? Are they inherently sinful in themselves? Are they only an occasion to sin? Are they taking time away from family and God?
St Ignatius in his Spiritual Exercises makes it very simple when making an election or choice in life about doing or not doing something. He suggest imaging standing before the throne of God on judgement day and calculating if the event or decision is helpful towards one’s salvation or detrimental. He also asks us to examine our conscience in any decision as well the action. What are the fruits of the action? What can occur that is good versus bad? Does it correlate with the laws of God? Does the means equate our true end with God, or does the event itself become its own end?
Whenever making a choice or life decision, one must contemplate, seek counsel, and pray. Many callings need thoroughly contemplated. Of course the first and foremost sign is does it meet our final end? Many things can meet this criteria but one must continue to contemplate further to see if this particular and exact choice or decision is meant for someone. For those, usually three callings emerge. The first, ministry, the second marriage, and the final single life. All three vocational callings demand the universal vocation of all humanity but each one has its own unique place in the Mystical Body of Christ. It is important to ensure that these callings and states are not one’s true end, but are means to fulling that end.
For example, marriage, or the religious life are equally beautiful callings but they themselves must not represent the end and culminating aspect of one’s life. Instead they should represent means that help one reach their own end in unison with God’s will. So, if the decision or calling in itself is good and aligns with humanity’s final end, one must begin to discern if it is indeed the calling and way God hopes to utilize us.
This involves not only prayer and counsel, but also evaluation of one’s own will. Recall, the rich man in the Gospel had done everything he was supposed to do but one thing. When Christ asked him to give up all he had and to follow Him, this troubled the man deeply. So many are called but few are chosen because of our own free will. Many times, even not at the cost of sin, our wills do not align with God in a preferred state in life. God does not wish to force us any particular calling, but He does know what we are best suited for and what would give the greatest fulness to us.. We have been equipped with particular spiritual talents to meet the call of God, so when we submit our will to God, we then are ready to move more peacefully and perfectly in this life.
Take into account Mary. She never questioned God. She said to let it be done according to the will of God. St Joseph as well without hesitation took Mary as his wife and raised the Christ child. In all cases, individuals united their will to the will of God. If one is to truly find their vocation, then one must submit oneself to the will of God in humility and obedience. For those that are willing to submit to God, this is good news, but it still represents a difficult decision in discerning. Unfortunately God is not always loud and clear.
We have spoken about living a life first that fulfills one’s general vocation of knowing, loving and serving God. We have also spoke about the importance of fulfilling our daily duty in humility and obedience to God. That same humility and obedience should carry to the fulfillment of His will and service to Him within our particular calling.. Yet hearing and discerning can sometimes be difficult.
The noises of the world can sometimes drown out God’s voice. We need to direct ourselves in prayer and meditation and seek counsel as needed but there are a few inherent signs of a particular calling (and when I say calling, I mean any calling, marriage, singlehood, monastic life, or priesthood). Being first and primary a disciple of Christ, there are certain signs the Holy Spirit showers us with. Sometimes, we may feel these signs and interior voices through the sacraments or the reading of Scripture, or while doing penance, or working with the poor. Other times, indirect statements from strangers, or signs throughout the day can redirect one to the manifestation God is trying to display.
In addition to signs and coincidences, our own inner self plays a key role. We naturally gravitate towards what God has deemed for us. If we feel a strong connection to a family with children, then our vocation could very well be the married life, or if we see and feel the grace of a minister or priest who proclaims the Gospel, this may be a inward desire towards that. In addition, our skill, talents and spiritual charisms are many times tied to the vocation or calling that God desires for us. Someone well trained in theology may very well be prepared to preach the Gospel at some level, lay or clerical, or may be called for higher levels of Church administration. Those blessed with leadership skills, communicative skills, and higher academic achievement in studies may have a calling within Christ’s Church to lead. Others may be more introvert but spiritual and feel a calling to a more private life with God in a monastery. Others may have a calling to love another person and to share in the creation of new lives. In this calling, they possess the qualities for partnership and compassion, while someone with a ministry or single life calling may naturally be more inclined to a life that is solitary.
God sometimes also pushes one to one’s particular vocation through the presence of need. When someone sees the lack of religious or short handed churches, or less care for the poor, or less advocates for the weak and sick, then these are ways God instills into the soul a yearning to act. These calls to action can feel very personal and one may have a strong passion residing inside to meet that need.
So while God can awaken us the way he did with Saul via an intense vision and conversion, He usually respects our free will and subtly turns so we need to be attentive and listening. It involves our humility and obedience to Him and most importantly our love for God. We need to put God first and live a life that is based on decisions that reflect God and His laws. When our conscience is well formed and sound, it can guide us to a position to truly discern and hear God.
St Ignatius again points out that messages from God, direct or indirect, reflect our holy end. Discernment that leads to selfish ends, or immoral pursuits, or the production of bad fruits, are not from God. So it is important to discern the nature of the election or decision, the objective reality of the choice and its consequences and to place it in subjugation to the laws of God. Then and only then can we see beyond our universal end and see what is also our particular end.
Giving our day to God is the first step in finding peace and removing anxiety. When the soul attaches it’s will to the Father, then it fears less. It sees the bumps and discomforts of life, but sees them as happy crosses to suffer for. The soul indeed soon discovers that God always has a plan. So while one worries about one’s career, or if they should marry, or enter the religious life, or if they feel ambivalent in their social life’s decisions with their religious beliefs and unsure where to go, if we simply give God each day, then we can find some peace and direction.
Anxiety comes from the evil one. It comes from association with things of the enemy. St Ignatius points out two standards. The standard of Christ and His banner, or the standard of Satan which is of this world. When consciously or even indirectly choose things that are bad and of Satan’s banner, the fruit will produce. The temptations and lies of this world associated with certain callings can never give true clarity, happiness and peace. Only placement in Christ can our true ultimate end be met. We may experience natural tremors in this life. We may suffer our daily crosses, but these types of anxieties are far different when aligned with Christ.
To remain within the standard of Christ and discover our particular calling one must turn to prayer. Prayers to the Holy Spirit for wisdom, understanding and knowledge, and for the virtue of fortitude and temperance in daily dealings can help a person face each day with the necessary grace and guidance from God. God desires peace and calmness in our life. He understands that we exist in a fallen world and bad things can occur, but He is willing to walk with us and guide us. He also helps us to avoid the temporal noises that are detrimental to our calling. The devil utilizes the noises of anxiety and insecurity mixed with multiple detours that take from the time God deserves–hence these virtues serve as important protections. In our daily life, we must make the ordinary become extraordinary by giving to God each task. As each day becomes a prayer, then one becomes more open to the grand plan of one’s life. Each day given to God leads to the next which builds upon each other until in reveals the beauty of God’s plan. This should remove anxiety because God loves us. He loves us and wishes for us to be happy. He also grants us numerous choices in our independence. God wants our love and respects our choices in this life. However, there will always be a inner movement towards what the soul was designed for and how blessed are individuals who answer the call that God ordained for them.
The quickest way to eventual find one’s unique calling and avoid the noises of Satan and the world is unifying one’s will to God. When our will becomes one with God, then our decisions align regarding daily duties, as well as long term callings. Each day, one should unite their will to God. This is not subjugation or control but a passive release to become aligned with God. God’s will is not one of pain and suffering, those things spar from the world, sin, our choices and Satan. God’s will is for our peace and wholeness with Him. When we unite our wills His, we show humility and obedience, as Mary and Joseph showed to God’s plan. When these wills meet, not only will we discover our long term calling, but God will also guide us through our daily duties with better clarity and peace. Even when loss, suffering and hardships occur, the soul that unites wills with God, will find consolation and direction. God’s will is ultimately joy not control. It is the map to one’s salvation as well as to one’s individual calling. It seeks to direct us so we can have peace and love. It should not be seen as a sentence to serve but a partnership that is for our own best interest. When we choose the standard of Satan, we choose us, we choose the world, we choose things that are detrimental to spiritual growth and peace. The moment the soul surrenders and trusts God over self, then daily duties and overall callings will manifest with graces equipped to help one face all crosses and obstacles and most importantly, to find peace in life.
In the meantime, if one is discerning marriage, or priesthood, continue to pray for guidance but do not allow thoughts of the future that are far away to cloud the present day. The present day is rich with opportunities to please God and fulfill our daily vocation. When individuals focus and allow anxiety to haunt them in regards to their future, they sometimes miss the moments before them. The vocation of the present is just as important as the vocation of the future. Today itself is a prayer and opportunity to know love and serve God. It will build habits that may enable us one day to fulfill that calling more perfectly. As Padre Pio rightfully saw, spiritual development is a motion of growing closer to God overtime. The stagnant soul is unable to grow, or feel, or love, but the soul that is in process, even if far away from the finish line, is moving towards his or her ultimate end. This is important to remember in monitoring spiritual anxiety as well as contemplating one’s vocation.
A vocation and a special calling beyond our daily life is exciting. We should not fear it or become obsessed and anxious over it. God loves us in the moment and we must remember that. We need to tie our will to God so we can better fulfill that vocation. God’s choices for us are for all well being in all facets, while the standard of Satan and self leads to illusions of happiness which cause anxiety, anger and depression. We do not wish to be as Jonah fleeing God’s will. We know as he fled Nineveh, he was swallowed by a large fish, only to be released 3 days later. So we cannot flee our vocation, but we must realize beyond our duty to know, love and serve God, that we are also called in a special way with special talents to grow the Church and Christ’s Mystical Body on Earth. We need to be receptive of this, know how to discern it, and how to listen and respond to it. This involves unifying one’s own will and desires with God and trusting the path that God has plotted for us.
In the meantime, pray everyday for grace to fulfill daily duties with excellence but also illumination to truly understand one’s calling. Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Certification as well as its Spiritual Direction Program
Early Issues in Spiritual Direction. Access here
Spiritual Discernment: Access here
Spiritual Desolation: Access here
Crisis and Doubt in Faith. Access here
Vocations. Ignatian Spirituality. Access here
Chapman, A. “5 Examples of Vocation in the Bible (And Lessons to Learn from the Stories)”. Access here
Mosseau, J. “How to Discern Your Vocation [+ Tips for Discerning Religious Life]”. University of San Diego. Access here
A soul that has finally turned inward to the reality of existence and its purpose has taken a big first step. The intellect and will has finally identified the empty promises of the world. It has acknowledged the existential void that only materialism, lust, and drugs promise. The soul has finally realized that this temporal world is far from perfect and can never grant one’s complete needs, much less quench the thirst for meaning.
The soul in this state has acknowledged the reality that something is very wrong in the temporal realm and that something is truly messing. The sounds, sights and scents of the world have become like a child’s toy or a rattle that entertains the infant that one as an adult has overgrown. One’s spiritual sight recognizes the empty lies and temporary function of these realities. Maybe this movement is due to a loss, or a disease, or merely the depression of life that seems to never offer that perfect solution. Driven by dopamine experiences, the soul realizes that its overall mood after the excitement is quite alone and unfulfilled. There needs to meaning attached to life. There needs to be a meaning beyond the loud noises and excitement that fades so quickly in the morning dawn.
In essence, the soul is awakening from the matrix of temporal life. It is hearing, albeit faint, the whisper of Christ and the need of grace. Whether through someone’s prayer, or a slight brush with the divine, or spiritual movement, the Holy Spirit is gently calling the soul away from its errors, its imperfections and its follies. It offers the soul something lasting, something real and something that will help one fulfill one’s true end and vocation in this life.
Please also review AIHCP’s Spiritual Direction Certification or also its Christian Counseling Certification. A Spiritual Director is different from a Christian Counselor. Spiritual Direction is almost as Life Coaching for the body. It entails not necessarily facing a particular problem but oversees the process of the soul towards God. It helps remove spiritual traps and help the soul become closer to God through goals and spiritual exercises. The Spiritual Director is usually a priest or minister but can also be someone of a educated level and spiritual closeness to God. A Spiritual Director also knows the person’s spiritual life and has the ability to offer insight.
Habits, whether virtuous or viceful, do not change overnight. A person’s neuro pathways form trodden trails that are set as a person’s default system still have control. Even when a soul becomes awakening and seeks exciting and monumental changes, one many times experiences lapses. Whether this be a sinful vice, a drug addiction, or one’s daily routines, it takes discipline and accepting the grace of the Holy Spirit to begin upon the route of change.
Counselors, even more so than spiritual advisors, encounter the desire of their clients to change. This change may be due to something that has occurred, or a spiritual distress, or close moment of death, but despite all good intentions, change itself is an arduous journey. For example, a person on Jan 1st, proclaims a new life and healthy body via diet and attendance at the gym. While this goal is noble and good, many see it fade overtime. The individual overtakes too big a change, or does not foresee the difficulties and obstacles. The person may be tempted of past neuro-wired behaviors that push one back to a default. For instance, the late night snacks, or the extra nap after work, or the desire to escape a particular vice of swearing that has overtaken the person, are not magical and miraculous changes. These changes are rare and the Saul to Paul moment is not the paradigm to follow. In most cases, one’s free will must seek that change and go forward with it. Through discipline and fortitude, one continues to rewire the subconscious of bad habits through reward and punishment, as well as repetition. Beyond forming new habits or virtues, repetition leads to altering the conscious mind to a new default mode. This type of change requires accountability, repetition, and a firm amendment.
These changes again are not instant and lapses occur. These lapses sometimes can be the final call to retreat for a person. The person is overcome by the change, finds shame and guilt in lack of progress or in failure, and returns to the original default mode of physical or spiritually unhealthy habits. While some can fall to one knee and arise the next, many have various anxiety or depression issues or lack of family support that all but guarantee relapse.
This is why as Christians, and especially mentors and directors to other Christians, one must not only identify spiritual malady but also become a coach or counselor who helps individuals meet goals. Like any counselor, plans are created for new goals and ways of life. A coach or dietician may help a player or client develop a way to facilitate change but with a tiered goal approach that rewards the person for stepping stone achievements that are well before the finish line. Through this guidance, the director can help a person formulate a change in one’s life who faces a particular vice. The director expects one to fall, or take a step back, but nevertheless, inspires the person to push forward.
It would be prudent to note that despite all one’s efforts and works that lead to salvation cannot be earned. Unlike the heretic Pelagius, one cannot imitate Christ and become truly holy and enter salvation without grace. Even the greatest saint due to a few sins is not worthy to stand before the most Divine, but through Christ’s death on the cross, the grace of the Holy Spirit and the numerous sacramental graces given to God’s people, the soul has hope. Grace brings salvation and through opening our eyes but also giving one the ability to cooperate with God in attaining salvation. Thinking one can work out one’s own salvation, or for that matter the opposite which assumes a simple declaration of faith suffices errors theologically. Salvation and change is through the grace and gift of faith but that is merely the starting point. Grace ensures that faith is a working faith. One where the soul cooperates with the graces that God has showered upon him or her, to facilitate change. That change may have psychological or mental road blocks of habit, but through the grace of the Holy Spirit and cooperation of that grace, then faith becomes a working faith carved through the desire of love of God.
Directors help the individual cultivate the spiritual change and remain as personal coaches who help the soul utilize the grace to produce fruits within the person. This ensures that the spiritual advisor is more than a religious dogmatist, but one who also is pastoral in nature and helpful in introducing and sustaining the person to that change.
As a spiritual advisor, one is not to judge, but to aid. One understands that the transformation taking place is the grace of Holy Spirit which utilizes the spirituality of the director and the desire of the person to work towards a better spiritual life. Namely, a life that seeks to know, love and serve God in this world. When one places God as his or her ultimate end and ties one’s will to the desires of God, then true change can occur. The grace of the Holy Spirit can begin to excite the soul beyond its prior programming. The soul turns to more spiritual concepts and ideals, as well as enters into a more Christo-centric life style. The soul begins to rewire neuropathways with bad default modes that easily scurry back to the world and its lies. The new pathways recognize other ways to do things through the the habit of virtue over the habit of vice.
Teaching the soul patience, humility and obedience are key elements in helping the soul continue in its journey to a better relationship with God but make no mistake, the evil one and his many legions of demons find great discomfort in conversion. Spiritual warfare will intensify as the soul becomes closer to God. What once was under the control of the demonic now has escaped his hold of vice.
St Teresa of Avila in her classic, the “Interior Castle” speaks of the soul who has first acknowledged this awakening to God but points out in this first encounter or first mansion of the soul. the soul is very exposed. While the soul has made a crucial declaration to God, it still faces numerous hardships associated with the new change. If it was not already difficult to alter neuro pathways for better habits, one is still bombarded with the physical senses and whispers of the devil. St Teresa refers to this occasions of sin as “reptiles” in the first room that run freely in and out. These “reptiles” represent worldly desires that serve as distractions to the newly converted soul. Reminders of the past that can include a scent, or a place, or a substance. The devil attempts to distract the soul again to these “childhood rattles”. He knows the soul is still very susceptible to its callings and can utilize dreams, or events to persuade the soul to do something one last time, or that the soul is overreacting in its change towards God. The occasion of sin is a true stumbling block for many. While some may stand back up, confess and become more resolute, many in this early mansion or relationship phase with God, can easily fall back into the previous life. Whether its a physical addiction, or a vice, the area of comfort and default still remains powerful and, in many cases, the devil just merely needs to present something to the struggling soul.
This is why when someone in the early phases of religious conversion emerges, they are still surrounded and may even be fond of certain activities. Whether it porn from the cell phone, or gluttony with a dessert, or an addictive substance, the desire to utilize these things remain strong urges. This is why the soul must flee those occasions of sin. One should not attempt to challenge it or expose oneself to rediscover new strength, but as many saints have proclaimed, to flee without reserve and cast oneself into the lap of Christ for protection.
As a spiritual director, these souls do not deserve harsh judgement but instead mercy and understanding. It is important to not permit the evil one to cast guilt and shame to such a level as to prevent one from getting back up again. While guilt is good in identifying wrong, it can become toxic and lead to shame which makes the soul feel unworthy of God’s infinite mercy. It leads to a new sin which is despair. This is the reality of those within its first relationship level with God. It is a back and forth motion of serving two masters.
St Ignatius in his exercises also points out that like a sick man who goes to the physician, will the person completely reject the medicine? Many souls never return or take their spiritual medicine, but instead remain trapped in the deep mud of the temporal world. They continue to be blinded and fooled by the illusions of this world. St Ignatius points out that the spiritual sick may have desire to become better but this is in desire only for it forfeits the necessary steps to become more healthy. Hence in spiritual direction, these early souls need encouragement, daily prayer, and repetition of new habits to replace the sinful or unhealthy default. This involves a patient director but also a patient counselor who continues to work with the person despite setbacks.
St Teresa of Avila listed in total, 7 mansions of relation with God. Most persons never make it out of the third level, much less the first two levels of awakening. So let us briefly continue to take a look at the evolution of the soul that is energized by Holy Spirit to desire the greater good. Individuals within the second level of relation have a greater intent to do what is right but like their counterparts are still distracted by the world. They, however, are more aware of God’s call and do not become deaf or as easily confused. They have the desire and push beyond it in certain good habits, but they are still very much exposed to the howls of the evil one. While their religious consistency is greater, they still have many bad habits that need to be removed from their life.
Spiritual Directors may see a more intensified attempt to please God, but will see moments of release and failure. Yet, these individuals are not as quick to dismiss the laws of God as not existent. They accept the laws, but have difficulty sometimes keeping them. Many of them may go to confession with the same sin but again committed, but unlike others, they feel the need to again rise when they fall. It takes more than a sin to shake their faith but larger incidents. Maybe a death in the family can cause bitterness to God. They may very well see their new found spiritual awakening as a contract not a covenant. In this they expect their good behavior to be rewarded. When rewards or feelings of closeness to God never manifest, they can easily slip back into the first mansion. Many have a poor understanding of the deeper mysteries of faith and can be lead astray despite their acknowledgement of Christ.
Those souls who enter the third level, or third mansion are still very young in their spiritual development. While they have developed some basic virtues, and look to avoid sin, they have their own unique battles. Their worldly needs are not always met with prayer and Christ first. They many times find to balance the world with Christ. They may not entertain more serious sin in the world but they still are very much provoked by it at times.
Their spiritual interior life has increased and their consistent devotion is becoming more habit like, but the devil will re-devise others ways to weaken these souls. St Teresa of Avila warns that these souls can become victims of pride, become judgmental, and became also distressed upon bad events, or lack of consolations or good feelings of God’s presence. In regards to pride, souls who are “doing the right thing” much like the rich man who asked Jesus what he must do to gain eternal life, find themselves in an impasse. The pride whispers that they are holy and good because they pray everyday and attend service on Sunday. They fail to see that their works are not their own but the work of the Holy Spirit. In regards to others, they may begin to lecture others on how well spirituality and prayer works for them. This may have a base of charity in it but for many it is pride in their decisions. Some may also develop into those as the Pharisees, where the faith becomes more stuck than progressing because the soul feels it is doing everything right and can do no more. In addition, the overt zeal of their conversion pushes them to more mechanical prayer and not personal prayer. They can become more concerned with appearance. For those who properly enter this phase, there must remain a humility and obedience. One must continually pray for grace and center oneself on Christ and never permit oneself to see themselves as “holy”. They need to show obedience to Christ and have a pure charity for one’s neighbor. Instead of seeing relationship with God as contractual, they need to see it a covenant. Those at this level of religious maturity should understand suffering, repentance, and continued vigilance are crucial as one becomes closer to God. Whether secular or religious, individuals still face the world. God’s grace and a good relationship helps one better see this world. It helps one see the good and the bad and what to associate with, but God’s grace also seeks to transform oneself as one prepares for one’s final end. This is why St. Ignatius so commonly points out choices . An election or choice must have God at its end. Any means to that end must be free from sin and proclaim God’s glory. Learning to choose wisely is key in this phase of relationship with God. One needs to continue to plan accordingly with that ultimate end in mind.
Giving to God one’s daily duty helps to fortify the soul and its ability to meet the proper goals and ends. As temporal beings, one cannot also remain in contact with God. One has temporal duties which God does not chastise. Christ Himself was a carpenter and had temporal duties. The daily duty at every morning offers these tasks to God through Christ. By united daily duties and task as well as sufferings, one gives to God one’s entire self. This helps one meet goals and ends, while tying them to God’s will. This is the core focus of covenant. Christ walks with us everyday–in the good and the bad. Through such a close relationship, one is better to have better elections of what to do or not do, as well as discernment regarding good endeavors and bad ones.
Those in a deeper contemplative life also face their own inner demons. A soul that enters into a deeper relationship such as the 4th and 5th levels or mansions face different issues. St Teresa of Avila notates that beyond pride, there can also exist spiritual discontent, as well as despair in aridity as well as fear of failure. The devil crafts all temptation plans based on the person. Instead of outward assaults or occasions of sin that seem to bear the person no harm, he can start to dig at the soul’s relationship with God. Is it as good as one wanted? Does one feel ripped off? Does one feel God abandoned them in desolation? The devil will play on these insecurities to lessen the connection with God.
These souls may find discontent in their prayer life. They may feel no presence, or they may feel despair or that they are not good enough. Desolation and aridity are common, according to St Teresa of Avila. Whether it is the state of the soul or God’s will, sometimes it is harder to find tears, or emotion in prayer. It can also become barren, as if Christ is not there. This can serve as a test of the soul’s resolve, or also show the soul how much it needs God. It can also aid the soul in understanding that God, as Creator, owes one nothing. Yet, His love is always present, even if not experienced each time. According to Avila, the soul needs sometimes to experience these states of aridity but to pray all the more strongly as a gift to God and as reparation for sins.
Many souls in prayer life also can become mechanical and lack meditation. While the words are said, the mind wanders. Avila realized that the broken human soul is weak. When our mind wanders, one can again re-center, but one should not be cruel with oneself if it does occasionally wander. Instead, brush it off and return to the prayer. The words themselves still have come from one’s lips and mind. Padre Pio encourages the soul to pray with sincerity but also warns of souls who become static in these later states. Prayer becomes ritual instead of conversation. The soul is no longer moving closer to God but is trapped in ritual of service or prayer. Padre Pio believed that such states of a stagnant soul can be as a dangerous as a soul with no relationship. Padre Pio believed that constant motion towards God is key no matter the spiritual level. Is the soul growing? Spiritual Directors need to assess the health of the prayer life and understand the inner motions of the soul itself.
In addition, some souls strive for perfection but again lose focus of the power of grace to transform. It is not one’s deeds or works that can save oneself or bring one closer to perfection, but God’s grace. The works of charity and love and prayer are fruits of that grace and a manifestation of working through faith via love. So perfectionism is not something even the greatest saint can gain. Individuals need to focus more so on love of Christ and allow that to take them to where they need to be. Simple acts of love transform the soul and allows the Holy Spirit to perfect it in its final state in paradise. Ones perfection is only through Christ. The sooner one learns this complete dependence, the sooner one will have a more rewarding prayer life. One cannot earn holiness, but only partake in it.
This is why it is wrong to be difficult with oneself during difficult times in prayer. It permits despair and fear. However, the moment one realizes that all sins are forgiven and covered through the Blood of Christ, one can find reassurance that the path is a noble one but one of cooperation with grace. One should rightfully despise sin and attempt to avoid it at all costs, but one cannot allow pride or despair to undo the goodness. Some souls hence experience dread because they lose focus on the mercy of God. They analyze their prayer life. They become scrupulous over the most minor of things and torment themselves without faith in Christ who loves them. Directors need to be aware of these types of internal struggles of the soul who is attempting to become closer to God. The director needs to understand times of spiritual aridity and lack of consolation in prayer. The directors needs to help guide the soul away from self doubt, harshness in little things, and discontent. Some souls may need reprimand, but others definitely require patience and mercy. The soul who enters into deeper prayer and meditation is still very open to demonic attack which will impose within it these levels of pride, or levels of despair, or levels of fear. This is why charity, humility and obedience are crucial for this level of spiritual development.
Spiritual life is an awakening. Spiritual Directors can help guide souls through the phases of a relationship with God. Whether the soul is first becoming awake, or a soul who is more seasoned with a relationship with Christ, they both face unique challenges at different levels of their spiritual development. Some souls will face constant temptations or occasions of sin associated with the world and the bad habits they are hoping to leave. Other souls will face more advanced issues in connecting with God. At every level, Satan has a designed temptation to weaken union with God. Spiritual Directors help souls in all states of development. They help them in choice, discernment, spiritual warfare, and enhancement in spiritual life with God. However, beyond just teaching, they also guide and coach the soul to reach its most highest level of perfection. Within all of this movement, the director must point to God as the source and grace of one’s transformation. While one cooperates with one’s salvation, one cannot save oneself but must submit oneself to Christ and the grace of the Holy Spirit to help one become changed.
Please also review AIHCP’s Christian Counseling Program as well as its Spiritual Direction Program
Spiritual Discernment: Access here
Spiritual Desolation: Access here
Crisis and Doubt in Faith. Access here
Consider reading St Teresa “Interior Castle” as well as St Ignatius “Spiritual Exercises”
“St. Teresa of Avila”. Daily Readings; Catholic Online. Access here
Practical Steps to Discernment. Bible Hub. Access here
“The Interior Castle”: A Spiritual Masterpiece by St. Teresa of Avila. Catholic Heroes. Access here
Counseling looks to help people change for the better. Habit in either direction is wired in our brain and it can be a difficult journey to incorporate good change. This video takes a closer look at a change and the process
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Fritz Pearls and his wife are considered the pioneers behind the development of Gestalt Therapy and its numerous techniques. While, like many numerous systems, Gestalt by itself is limited by its own definitions and guidelines, but still nonetheless has supplied the counseling sciences with numerous theories as well as practices to aid counselors in helping people. Pearls, a German immigrant, spent most of his later lifetime in the USA, developing and implementing the concepts of Gestalt. It remains to this day an original way to help individuals face psychological issues and pursue change.
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Gestalt is very focused on the now of the person. It sees current problems in how individuals hide behind their issues and avoid them. It is less concerned with issues of the past but how more so the person deals with the now and how that person transforms. It is very person centered in finding the answers in the client but unlike classical person centered therapies which has a more gentle guiding approach, Gestalt employs more direct confrontation when necessary to push a person in facing oneself in the present. Like most person centered therapies, Gestalt feels the power of change and how to live resides in the subjective reality of the person and that when a person accepts who he or she is and faces the illusions of self and takes responsibility for oneself, then one can become free and have a more healthy mental life. In this way, Gestalt looks at the wholeness of the person and challenges the person to self awareness. It is because of this approach, Gestalt is immersed in the human experience and how life is experienced. In its concern of the here and now, as well self awareness, it is more concerned with the question of how than the question of why.
Pearls utilized exercises and experiments as the way to help clients find self awareness. Exercises helped clients experience the now of emotion, but experiments were deeper techniques to help a person become self aware and challenge oneself. Many of these experiments employed by the therapist was utilized as ways for the client to become self aware and how to properly express oneself to find balance with one’s inner voice. In many cases, Pearls would identify acts of phoniness by a person due to external pressures that subdued the internal personality of a person. He would note how one’s tone of voice, or facial expressions, or body postures would not match the feeling internally. He utilized various exercises and experiments to help the person break free of these uncomfortable anxieties and to better express oneself.
Pearls employed various linguistic alterations to a person’s vocabulary or how the person stated something in therapy. This involved utilizing personal pronouns more in the client’s speech. Instead of making a statement that was void of personal need, Pearls would instruct the person to utilize the pronoun “I” to own the statement. Instead of a passive declaration of what one desired or wanted or disliked, Pearls instructed the client to say “I need, or I want, or I dislike”. In addition, he removed such contractions as “can’t” to “won’t”. Instead of stating I cannot do something, he pushed clients to say I will not do something. Also, instead of the conjunction “but” used to imply an excuse, he instructed clients to use the word “and”. For example, if someone has a paper to write and states “I cannot write the paper tonight, but I may try to do it tomorrow”, Pearls would have the client transfer the statement to “I will not write the paper tonight and I will try do it tomorrow”. Pearls also would emphasize the use of the phrase, “I take responsibility for this”. Hence a person would say “I take responsibility for not writing the paper tonight”. This clearly shows an emphasis of owning one’s inner feelings more deeply and also expressing what one wants in a more authoritative, responsible and personal way. Excuses, passive language and not asserting one’s own needs into a sentence were signs of the person not being self aware of what one needs and not taking responsibility for it. Hence, Pearls was less concerned about other pronouns of “them” or “us” or how others make one feel but more interested in how oneself makes one feel.
In addition to speaking with more authority and emphasizing responsibility for one’s words, thoughts and actions, Pearls would help individuals identify body posture, nervous ticks, or uncomfortable laughs as the ways the body and its physiology would manifest discord between expression and the actual feeling. Pearls would frequently call a person out with confrontation for expressing oneself in contradiction to how one felt. He would suggest exaggeration of these tics, or tones, to see how truly silly or phony they were in contrast to how the person felt in the moment. Through the experiment of exaggeration, Pearls encouraged one to bite one’s lip harder, or tense their jaw more pronounced so that the person could recognize these manifestations when internal feelings emerged. The key for Pearls was to help the client discover and become aware of one’s deeper feelings in the now moment and how to properly communicate and express them. This involved analyzing one’s own bodily reactions in correlation with the feelings internally.
The most famous experiments of Pearls was the empty chair. This created an opportunity for one to confront oneself, or another in the safety and privacy of therapy. It permitted one to become aware of self, but also to express emotions that may have been kept in check. The first usage of this experiment was direct dialogue between self. For example, a middle age man may have many regrets in life and has two images of himself; namely the driving and commanding side of himself and then the more relaxed version of self. At direction of the therapist, the man would move from his chair to the other chair and imagine speaking to himself in a more authoritative way. In response, the man then would remove to his original chair and respond to his more aggressive and demanding side. This dialogue would continue to until the man discovered his many needs. In other cases, the empty chair can be utilized as a way for an individual to confront another person. This may be an ex spouse, a parent, a boss, a deceased family member, or even God. The client is encouraged to speak to this person if as the person was truly sitting there. Obviously this is an advanced therapeutic tool and should be conducted by a trained therapist due to emotional eruptions that can occur. Pearls saw this as a way for a person to truly express one’s emotions without filter or restraint free from possible danger of physical confrontation.
Gestalt has many beneficial applications to help people properly express their feelings, be aware of themselves and become more connected to how they truly feel. It is beneficial for those suffering from anxiety as well as depression. However it does possess some limitations. It is more emotional in nature and does not give enough attention to the intellectual and cognitive issues surrounding mental health. It also focuses more the now without less concern for the past. Questions such as why and what are more replaced with how can we handle this now. It is also weighs heavily on one’s own personal needs for self actualization and less concern for the needs of others. This is a double edged sword if not properly put into context. Further, it possesses a more subjective morality in place of universal objective standards of behavior or morality. Yet, many of its experiments and uses are widely accepted and utilized in daily practice. Very few counselors completely adhere to one particular school over another, so the percentage is quite low of a counselor being a strictly Gestalt therapist. Most modern day counselors share Gestalt techniques and implement them with person centered therapies and behavioral therapies for maximum results.
Please also review AIHCP’s Behavioral Health Certifications and see if any of them meet your academic and professional goals.
Person Centered Counseling. Access here
Existential Counseling. Access here
Jungian Psychology. Access here
Tan, S-Y. (2022). Counseling and psychology: A Christian perspective (2nd Edition). Baker Academic.
Clark, J. (2025). How Gestalt Therapy Works. Very Well Mind. Access here
Gestalt Therapy. Psychology Today. Access here
Guy-Evans, O. (2025). Gestalt Therapy: Definition, Types, Techniques, and Efficacy. Simply Psychology. Access here
Lindsey, C. (2022). All About Gestalt Therapy. PsychCentral. Access here
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We explore the practices of early Christianity to see major theological developments that shaped the faith over centuries. The observance of Lent is a key part of Christian tradition and prepares believers for the celebration of Easter. This season of reflection and penance asks believers to examine themselves, fast, and pray. These actions mirror the 40 days Jesus spent in the wilderness. The history of Christianity from its start through the Medieval period explains how Lent developed within different cultural and theological settings. Also, the study of catechesis in the early Christian era shows the link between teaching and understanding. This is especially true regarding the role of Lent as a time for spiritual growth and renewal. We examine these basic elements to see how Lent shapes individual lives and strengthens the shared identity of Christianity.(Dr. Arnold R, 2017). Additionally, the study of catechesis during the early Christian era highlights the relationship between teaching and understanding, particularly concerning the significance of Lent as a time for spiritual growth and renewal (Fogleman A, 2023). By examining these foundational elements, we can gain a deeper appreciation for how Lent not only shapes individual lives but also fortifies the communal identity of Christianity itself.
Lent is a profound season of reflection and spiritual renewal within Christianity. It traditionally spans 40 days leading up to Easter. This time features practices like fasting, prayer, and almsgiving. These acts aim to deepen the believer’s relationship with God. Lent has a dual function. It prepares the faithful to celebrate the Resurrection of Christ at Easter. It also reminds them of the journey toward redemption and renewal. Believers confront their vulnerabilities and sinfulness during this season. They relinquish self-reliance for divine grace. They recognize that human efforts alone fall short of God’s promise of a full life. This duality appears in the teachings of N. Fedorov. He connects Lent with the philosophy of active Christianity. He notes the transformative potential of Easter as a symbol of hope and renewal.(McCarthy A et al., 2020)(Anastasia G Gacheva, 2020).
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The historical origins of Lent trace back to the early Christian church. The church wanted to prepare believers for Easter through reflection, penance, and fasting. Initially, the practice began as a way to replicate the 40 days Jesus spent fasting in the desert. It provided a structured time for spiritual discipline. This period held great meaning as a communal effort to understand Christ’s suffering and resurrection. Lent became a formal observance by the fourth century. Practices varied across different regions, and this showed the diversity within early Christianity. Scholars argue that these practices evolved alongside broader trends in the early Christian movement. They reflect the interaction of faith and tradition (). The complex development of Lent illustrates the church’s growing liturgical structure. It also shows the shift from personal fasting to communal observance. This highlights the major role of Lent in shaping Christian identity ().(Burton L Mack, 2023)). The complexities of Lents development illustrate not only the churchs growing liturgical structure but also the gradual shift from personal fasting to communal observance, underscoring the significant role of Lent in shaping Christian identity ((Dr. Arnold R, 2017)).
The study of Lent remains relevant in modern society. It invites people to think about personal growth, discipline, and spirituality. This season urges believers to examine themselves and repent. They build a better grasp of their faith and moral values. Such deep thought is necessary. The world is full of unclear ethics and moral relativism. Habits like fasting and prayer balance against social pressures. Individuals gain strength and clear purpose. Lent also has meaning in schools. Its moral lessons guide talks on ethical habits. This includes problems with exam cheating. Studies show that faith aids personal growth and school grades. They note the value of matching lessons with deep beliefs. Understanding Lent improves spiritual and ethical life. It helps in a complex world.(O Olabode, 2019). Studies also highlight how faith-based approaches can enrich personal development and academic performance, stressing the importance of aligning educational content with deep-seated beliefs (Miller PT, 2024). Consequently, understanding Lent can enhance both spiritual and ethical dimensions of life in today’s complex landscape.
The Bible bases Lent on themes of repentance, fasting, and spiritual renewal. Many scriptures show the value of these habits. They stress the need for self-examination and humility before God. Jesus fasted for forty days in the wilderness. This event acts as a central model for Lent. It shows the spiritual strength that comes from self-denial and prayer. This time of reflection reveals human brokenness. It points to the need for divine grace. We try to be righteous on our own. Yet, our efforts are never enough. Christians participate in Lent to mirror Christ’s sacrifice. They also embrace the life promised in the Paschal mystery. This season prepares believers for the celebration of Easter and the deep joy of the resurrection.(McCarthy A et al., 2020). Christians engage in Lent not only to replicate Christ’s sacrifice but also to embrace the fullness of life promised in the Paschal mystery, highlighting that the journey through Lent ultimately prepares believers for the celebration of Easter and the profound joy of resurrection (Budnukaeku AC, 2024).
Christians enter the Lenten season. They draw inspiration from scriptures that explain their practices and beliefs. This time involves themes of sacrifice, reflection, and renewal found in the Bible. Matthew 4:1-11 calls for repentance and humility. Jesus fasts for forty days in this passage. It serves as a model for Christians who want to deepen their faith during this period. Other texts discuss human frailty and divine grace. These writings remind believers to rely on God for redemption. They express reflections on brokenness and a need for divine fulfillment. People recognize that personal efforts alone cannot fill spiritual voids. They accept the power of God’s grace. This leads to the joy and hope of the Easter resurrection. This pattern of sacrifice and celebration is central to the Lenten experience. [cite1] and [extractedKnowledge1] highlight the theology behind these practices. They help create a deeper connection to the Christian faith.(N/A, 2023) and (McCarthy A et al., 2020) underscore the profound theological underpinnings that guide Lent practices, facilitating a deeper connection to the Christian faith.
Jesus spent 40 days fasting in the wilderness and faced temptation there. These events serve as the foundation for Lent in Christianity. This fasting is an act of self-denial. It also symbolizes the spiritual preparation believers need for penance and renewal. Jesus faced temptations in the wild that challenged His divine mission. This showed human vulnerability and the need for strength from God. The story reveals the difficulties of faith. Individuals try to overcome personal failings while facing outside pressure. These struggles mirror the experience of Lent. Christians fast and reflect during this season. They remember their own brokenness. They see that God’s grace is necessary for true fulfillment. The context of fasting in the New Testament is also important. It offers a complete view of the practice. This knowledge highlights spiritual discipline and helps people grow closer to God.(McCarthy A et al., 2020). Furthermore, understanding the context of fasting within the New Testament provides a holistic view of its significance, highlighting both the spiritual discipline and its potential for fostering a deeper relationship with God (Steven H Mathews et al., 2013).
The season of Lent is a preparation period for Christians. It establishes a strong connection to the Passion of Christ. This connection includes His suffering, crucifixion, and resurrection. Lent relies on reflections regarding Jesus’ trials. It asks believers to perform acts of penance and self-denial. These acts mirror the sacrifice in the Gospel narratives. The symbol of the cross is a central focus during this time. It represents Christ’s agony and the promise of redemption through His sacrifice . The meaning of Jesus’ trials before authorities adds to this bond. These trials highlight the injustices He faced. They help explain human suffering and divine love . Christians emulate Christ’s sacrifices during this season. They prepare to celebrate the victory of His Passion at Easter. This marks the importance of this time.(Banna YE, 2024). Furthermore, the theological implications of Jesus trials before the authorities deepen this connection by highlighting the injustices He faced, which serve as a blueprint for understanding human suffering and divine love (Rev. Dr. Reumann JH). Thus, as Christians undertake their Lenten journey, they not only emulate Christ’s sacrifices but also prepare to celebrate the victorious culmination of His Passion during Easter, marking the significance of this transformative season
Lent is a time for reflection and spiritual renewal. It features many practices and traditions with deep meaning in the Christian faith. Fasting is central to Lent. This practice leads believers to give up certain luxuries or foods. They do this to rely more on God. This sacrifice asks people to face their human vulnerability. It highlights a key truth. Sincere efforts fail without divine help. The season leads toward Easter and the happy celebration of resurrection. It reminds believers of God’s promise to overcome human weakness. Rituals include prayer, almsgiving, and communal worship. These acts build a sense of community and shared faith during this season of change. Scholars study the complex link between these rituals and early Christian beliefs. They see how these traditions united communities in the growing Christian movement.(McCarthy A et al., 2020)(Katrine A de Gudme H et al., 2018).
The practices of fasting, abstinence, and penitence are central to observing Lent in Christianity. They serve many spiritual purposes. Fasting traditionally means staying away from specific foods or meals. It represents a period of self-denial that aids contemplation and spiritual growth. This discipline rests on a belief that people can build a stronger connection with God through restraint. Similar intentions appear in other traditions like Islam. There, fasting controls desires and builds a sense of community (). Abstinence during Lent often involves giving up luxuries. This highlights the value of sacrifice and reflection. Believers can then reset their priorities toward faith and morality. This process of penitence is about more than the physical act. It represents a commitment to spiritual renewal. It reveals the changing nature of religious teachings. These teachings evolve across cultures ().(Mansor NH et al., 2022)). Additionally, abstinence during Lent, often from luxuries or specific pleasures, emphasizes the importance of sacrifice and reflection, allowing practitioners to realign their priorities towards faith and morality. This journey of penitence is not merely about the physical act of abstaining; it embodies a broader commitment to spiritual renewal and transformation, revealing the dynamic and contextual nature of religious teachings that continue to evolve across cultures ((Alfian A, 2022)).
Fasting according to most schedules is a act of self control to teach the passions and curb inclination to sin. Fasting is more severe penance of Lent and occurs officially on the Church calendars in both East and West only twice. The first day of Lent and Good Friday. In the West, this involve no meat, and only one full meal with 2 smaller meals that equal one meal. There is no eating in between these times. Fasts are required from ages 18 to 59 for most church disciplines with dispensations for hard laborers, as well as the sick or elderly or those with health conditions. In the East, the fast is merely no meat and dairy. Days of abstinence involve no meat only and occur every Friday in the West and every Wednesday and Friday in the East. Those who wish to fast more or abstain more are welcome to go beyond the minimum regulations of the Church, but are encouraged to give something up, or practice some type of sacrifice in their personal life.
In Christianity and Lent, prayer and spiritual reflection are critical. They guide the faithful through repentance and renewal. During Lent, believers pray more deeply. This creates a connection with God that goes beyond simple ritual. This introspection asks people to consider their spiritual state. They recognize the need for divine grace and healing. Modern literature shows that combining faith with reflective practices improves the care one provides. This applies to spiritual mentorship and other professions. The Lenten experience also highlights the two sides of human existence. People face blessings and brokenness at the same time. This tension pushes believers to give up self-reliance. They seek fulfillment through God. This reflects the call to accept divine help over personal achievement. Prayer and reflection during Lent lead to spiritual wholeness.(Camden L Baucke et al., 2022). Furthermore, the Lenten experience underscores the duality of human existence—the simultaneous blessings and brokenness faced by individuals. This tension compels believers to surrender their self-reliance in favor of seeking fulfillment through God, reflecting the call to embrace divine assistance over personal achievement (McCarthy A et al., 2020). Thus, prayer and reflection during Lent cultivate a transformative journey toward spiritual wholeness.
Christians observe Lent and focus on almsgiving and charity. These acts deeply reflect their faith and dedication to the community. Believers see how their spiritual lives connect with the needs of others. They match personal sacrifice with compassion. Almsgiving is more than a simple obligation. It embodies Christ’s teachings. He commanded his followers to serve the marginalized in Scripture (Mat 25:40). This giving builds a better understanding of the joy of God’s Kingdom. That joy links to serving “the poor, the crippled, the blind and the lame” (Lk 14:3). Believers face the challenges of Lent. Their charity becomes a clear expression of faith. It shows that full life and grace are gifts from God alone. [extractedKnowledge1] and [extractedKnowledge2] note this truth.(McCarthy A et al., 2020) and (Morrison G, 2017).
Christian denominations observe Lent in different ways. These variations reflect specific theological views and liturgical customs. Roman Catholics typically fast, pray, and give alms. This leads to the celebration of Easter. This tradition connects to the Paschal mystery. It stresses spiritual change through self-denial and community service. Many Protestant denominations take a flexible approach. They focus on personal reflection and repentance instead of strict food rules. Some groups stress grace over works. They encourage believers to perform acts of kindness and charity rather than just fasting. Certain denominations add communal worship services to improve the Lenten experience. These services show a commitment to communion, participation, and mission. Each tradition approaches Lent with a unique focus. These differences make the Christian faith richer. They support diverse forms of devotion and spiritual renewal.(McCarthy A et al., 2022). Additionally, certain denominations may include communal worship services that enhance the Lenten experience, showcasing a commitment to communion, participation, and mission (McCarthy A et al., 2020). As each tradition approaches Lent with its unique emphasis, the variances deepen the richness of the Christian faith, fostering diverse expressions of devotion and spiritual renewal.
Roman Catholic Lenten customs
The Roman Catholic tradition treats Lent as a sacred time for penance, reflection, and spiritual growth. Distinct customs define this period for the faith community. The season begins on Ash Wednesday. People receive ashes on their foreheads to symbolize mortality and the call to repentance. This important practice has lasted for centuries. Believers fast, give alms, and pray more during these weeks. These acts show a communal understanding of sacrifice and devotion. The value of these customs goes beyond simple ritual. They build a deeper link to the wider story of Christianity and the time leading to Easter. Scholars note that these practices strengthen individual belief. They also create a sense of group identity among worshipers. These Lenten rituals also reflect old traditions in Church of England rites. This shows a shared heritage between different Christian groups.(Katrine A de Gudme H et al., 2018). Furthermore, the incorporation of rituals into the Lenten season reflects a longstanding tradition within the Church of England rites, demonstrating a shared heritage among various Christian denominations (N/A, 2021).
Eastern Orthodox Lent practices
Eastern Orthodox Christianity observes Lent with many spiritual practices and communal activities. In the Eastern Orthodox, Lent follows the Julian calendar instead of the Gregorian. This causes it to start earlier or later than the Western Churches with possible times when they both align. Like the Western denominations, the Orthodox encourage acts of repentance and renewal. Clean Monday marks the start of this distinct spiritual season. Believers engage in stricter fasting regulations and abstain from animal products. They also increase their prayer and charitable actions. These practices are rooted in the teachings of the Church Fathers. Figures such as Maximus the Confessor provide theological guidance. He emphasizes the transformative power of repentance and spiritual discipline. Groups like the Communities at New Skete adapt traditional practices for modern needs. This reflects an active approach to Orthodoxy in modern contexts. Dialogues between Eastern Orthodox and Protestant Evangelical traditions shape new understandings of Lent. These exchanges further enrich the spiritual environment. Lent becomes more than a period of fasting. It is a communal journey toward deeper faith.(Mettasophia et al., 2019). Additionally, the dialogue and exchanges between Eastern Orthodox and Protestant Evangelical traditions have begun shaping new understandings of Lent, further enriching the spiritual landscape (Nassif B). Through these practices, Lent becomes not only a period of fasting but also a communal journey toward deeper faith.
Protestant approaches to Lent
Protestant traditions treat Lent as a time for personal reflection, repentance, and spiritual renewal. This differs from the ritualistic practices in some liturgical denominations. Many Protestants believe Lent prepares them for Easter. They focus on individual accountability and a personal relationship with God. The season encourages believers to examine themselves. They practice disciplines like fasting, prayer, and almsgiving. These acts aim to help them grow spiritually rather than follow strict rules. Congregations often focus on reading Scripture and community service. This reinforces the principle that faith must show itself in action. Many Protestants find inspiration in the teachings of Jesus. They see Lent as a chance to follow His example of sacrifice and service (). This view highlights the value of self-denial. It also starts discussions about what discipleship means today ().(Zhong L et al., 2025)). This interpretation not only highlights the significance of self-denial but also invites discussions around the broader implications of modern-day discipleship ((Yan H, 2023)).
The observance of Lent within Christianity acts as a time for reflection, self-discipline, and spiritual growth. This liturgical season invites adherents to explore their faith deeply. It leads to the celebration of Easter and the resurrection of Christ. The resurrection is foundational to Christian belief. Scholarship emphasizes the complex origins of resurrection Christology. This discourse reveals historical and theological dimensions. It also shows psychological factors. These factors influence how believers view scripture and faith practices (). Different psychological types interpret biblical texts in various ways. These interpretations show the variety of worship and understanding among Christians. This diversity is clear within Pentecostal traditions (). Lent provides a vital framework to examine personal and communal expressions of faith. It encourages Christians to engage with their beliefs actively. This connects them to the powerful message of Jesus Christ.(Loke ATE, 2020)). Furthermore, the diverse interpretations of biblical texts within the context of various psychological types illustrate the multifaceted nature of worship and understanding among Christians, particularly within Pentecostal traditions ((Leslie J Francis et al., 2019)). Ultimately, Lent stands as a critical framework for examining both personal and communal expressions of faith, encouraging Christians to engage with their beliefs actively and fostering a deeper connection to the transformative message of Jesus Christ.
Lent plays a central part in Christian spiritual life. It gives believers a set time for reflection, renewal, and growing in faith. This period lasts about forty days. It encourages Christians to take part in fasting, prayer, and giving alms. These acts build a deeper bond with God and help people accept their personal limits. [citeX] explains this dynamic. People often try to improve themselves through their own hard work. Yet true satisfaction comes only from depending on God’s grace. Admitting this human weakness is important during Lent. Believers face life’s difficulties. These struggles often leave them feeling broken and in need of divine help. [citeX] notes the health benefits of these spiritual habits. The shared nature of Lent feeds individual faith. It also strengthens the ties within religious groups. Lent leads people toward Easter. It offers hope and renewal through the promise of resurrection.(McCarthy A et al., 2020) elucidates, while individuals may strive for self-improvement through their own efforts, true fulfillment can only be realized through reliance on God’s grace. This acknowledgment of human vulnerability is vital during Lent, as believers confront the complexities of life that often leave them feeling broken and in need of divine support. Additionally, (Idler E, 2008) highlights the broader health benefits associated with spiritual practices, emphasizing that the communal aspect of Lent not only nurtures individual faith but also strengthens the supportive bonds within religious communities. Ultimately, Lent serves as a transformative journey toward Easter, offering hope and renewal in the promise of resurrection.
Lent carries deep meaning today. It asks individuals to think about sacrifice, humility, and their shared identity. Our culture changes quickly. Secular views are growing, and many people find Lenten habits difficult. These practices need deep thought and self-denial. Constant shopping often distracts from spiritual growth. Society expects instant results. This makes the struggle harder. People value quick pleasure more than deep faith experiences that change them. But Lent points to Easter. It proves the strength found in unity and God’s grace. The work on this topic reflects on living as Easter people despite cultural challenges. We must stop relying on ourselves and trust God instead. This is the heart of Lent. It shows the conflict between human weakness and God’s promise of renewal.(Pharis S, 2022). Embracing the call to relinquish self-sufficiency in favor of reliance on God encapsulates the essence of Lent, highlighting the tension between human vulnerability and the divine promise of renewal (McCarthy A et al., 2020).
Individuals reflect on the meaning of Lent. They see that this period starts a deep spiritual renewal in the Christian faith. Believers take part in fasting, prayer, and almsgiving. They face their weaknesses and trust more in divine grace. The core of Lent is not just about personal sacrifice. It highlights the need to let go of the false safety found in worldly success. This repeats a main Christian belief. True fulfillment goes beyond human effort. It comes from a relationship with God. As one text said, “Whatever we give up for Lent, we hear the call, the often difficult call, to give up most of all the reward that we can find for ourselves” . In this time of change, people welcome the Paschal mystery. They move through sorrow toward the promise of resurrection. This promise stands at the center of Christian faith and practice ..(McCarthy A et al., 2020). In this transformative journey, individuals are invited to embrace the Paschal mystery, navigating through sorrow towards the promise of resurrection, which embodies the heart of Christian faith and practice (Archives GFU, 2012)
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Christian Tradition and Practice of Lent: Access here
Lenten Fasting: Access here
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Spiewak, S. (2026). Lent fasting rules: Catholic rules for fasting during Lent in 2026. Hallow. Access here