There are many schools of thought in treatment of individuals facing emotional and mental distress. Psycho-analysis, behavioral and cognitive schools look at each different human lens of existence to help individuals find balance and happiness. Psycho-analysis delves deep into the past to find answers to trauma, pain, pathology or issues plaguing a person. In this venue, we see the seed of Sigmund Freud’s thoughts. Behavioral strategies look how one’s behavior can be modified to alter mental and emotional issues. Ivan Pavlov demonstrated the role of classical conditioning on the a person’s behavior. Cognitive schools emphasized the rethinking aspect to helping others overcome mental and emotional issues. Aaron Beck in the 1960s would combine behavior and cognition as a way to help others via Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Another type of way to address human distress is Humanist Therapy. This type of behavior which has success for many is holistic in nature and looks at the now instead of the past to find healthy balance within a person. It is far more patient based and subjective in nature. Due to its greater emphasis on self-happiness and subjective view of self, it focuses more on the person’s emotion in the present and its interaction with others. It looks to restore and find balance within the person. It finds its conclusion through authenticity with self and room for self growth in the present and relationships with others (Sherrell, Z,, 2023)
This has many implications within grief. Grief can shatter a person’s self image and world view. Humanistic approaches can help restore confidence and hope. It is very sensitive to the needs of the person. While it may not alone suffice for all cases, it can definitely contribute to specific needs of the grieving person. In this blog, we will shortly review the nature of the Humanistic Approach for grief, its strengths, its weaknesses, and how it can be incorporated.
Humanistic Approach
The idea of meeting human needs to find balance has many strengths in psychological thought. Abraham Maslow’s famous hierarchy of needs sketched a thorough outline of how when human needs are not met, pathology and dysfunction can occur. Carl Rogers, however, established the Humanistic school of thought. Rogers wished to treat the entirety of the human person and felt the imbalance or lack of fulfillment in life constituted the biggest problem to individuals. He labeled the term congruence to distinguish between healthy balance in life that reflected interior perceptions with the outside world. When balance occurred, Rogers believed human beings display healthy mental and emotional behaviors. When incongruence emerged or imbalance between self and the world, then person’s mental and emotional health suffered (Mcleod, S., 2024).
Rogers Humanistic Approach centered upon the needs and desires of the person. It revolved around the now and the relationships within the person’s realm. The first key elements were regarding self image and self worth. A person’s self image correlated with how the person viewed oneself in life, his/her existence and relationship with others and how the person fits (Mcleod. S. 2024). Self image focuses on a person’s perceived value (Mcleod, S., 2024). In contrast, the existence of the real self, the actual depiction of the person’s existence can cause distress and imbalance. Identifying the real self is essential in understanding oneself in all the good and bad that exists within. It is the starting point to reaching the ideal self. The ideal self is what one hopes and strive to become. When the ideal self and self image are imbalanced, congruence is not achieved and a state of incongruence exists that causes unhappiness and discontent as well as unhealthy psychological conditions (Mcleod, S., 2024).
According to Rogers, it is hence important to have a high positive regard with self worth. Individuals with a high self worth can grow and handle stressors and difficulties, while those with a lower self worth encounter difficulties in life and have a hard time growing from negative events (Mcleod, S., 2024). Rogers believed that a full functioning person reaches a state of actualization when congruence occurs ands is able to better live a fulfilled life. He identified five primary characteristics to congruent individual. He pointed out that one is open to new experiences, living existentially in the moment, trusting one’s feeling, displaying creativity and living a fulfilled life (Mcleod, S., 2024).
The Humanist Therapist hence needs to help the person cultivate a higher self worth and find congruence.
Humanistic Techniques
In cultivating higher self and congruence, unconditional positive regard is employed that accepts the person for who he/she is and offers little criticism. Rogers felt that conditional positive regard later put conditions on love or behavior that could negatively shape an individual’s development. This less structured technique embraces the authenticity of the person and looks at the subjective needs of the person. It places the Humanist Therapist into a place more of guide and equal than true authority figure in counseling. The counselor utilizes deep empathy and rephrasing skills to help the person find congruence and balance.
One critical technique employed by the Humanist Therapist is Gestalt Therapy. Gestalt Therapy focuses on the present and its emotions and how to better understand and grow from them (Dexter. G., 2022). It helps one be more mindful of current situation and emotions and how emotions interact with current relationships in life. It helps an individual better identify emotions, utilize them and communicate them with others (Dexter, G., 2022). Some common themes found within Gestalt Therapy includes the “Empty Chair” where one pretends to speak to someone and role playing with the therapist to communicate emotion (Dexter, G. , 2022).
In addition to Gestalt Therapy, Humanist Therapists utilize a very Patient-Centered approach that acknowledges the needs of the patient and places a great importance on equality between client and counselor. The counselor plays a key role in building the person’s self worth and avoiding judgement. The therapy again is focused on the present and is more broad spectrum holistic instead of focusing on one particular issue.
Other techniques include Narrative Therapy which identifies values, Existential Therapy which identifies place in the world, and Logotherapy which focuses on helping individuals cope with difficulties and trials in life (Cherry, K., 2023).
Benefits and Disadvantages
When Humanistic Therapy is utilized there are benefits and disadvantages. Obviously, helping one’s self esteem can empower someone to retake one’s life and move forward in life. Self image and how one perceives oneself is essential to mental and emotional well being. This holistic approach treats the entirety of the human person, helps one find empowerment, self acceptance and confidence, and grants the client an empathetic and non-judgmental guide (Sherrell, Z., 2023). However, there are limitations and possible weaknesses to the therapy. It has the potential side effect of creating a dependency on the therapist, as well as not addressing acute issues in one’s mental health. The lack of structure can also be counterproductive to certain personalities, as well as being very intensive emotionally and time consuming than other therapies (Sherrell, Z., 2023). It is also very subjective in nature. The ontolology towards happiness is not a particular code but instead revolves around what one needs and wants. This can sometimes create a disordered approach to what is right and wrong versus what makes someone happy.
Humanistic Approach in Grief
I think the approach has many benefits for grieving, albeit, I do not think it should be the only way one works with the grieving. Obviously, different people need different strategies. Some grieving individuals may need more cognitive and behavioral guidance with structure, while others may greatly benefit from a unstructured and holistic approach on emotion. Some may greatly benefit from a mixture and blending of strategies.
Obviously when dealing with depression and emotion, the self image, self worth and the ideal self is key for happiness. Many depressed individuals have major self esteem issues and the techniques and practices in the Humanistic Approach can play a key benefit in helping a grieving individual find congruence and balance. It can help the person understand the emotions, their connections with others, and how one can grow from loss and find connection again in life.
Conclusion
I feel the Humanistic Approach is best utilized in an integrative approach with cognitive and behavioral practices to better help the person not only emotionally but also grant the person ways to cognitively reframe issues. The grave importance of self image, happiness and balance cannot be overlooked and are essential aspects of finding long term emotional and mental health. Different individuals have different needs. Some benefit better from a singular approach, while others from an integrated approach. Ultimately, when helping the grieving, the best therapy for the individual is the one that best meets the needs of the person. If a licensed counselor is not comfortable or acquainted enough with one therapy, then referrals should be encouraged, but for those with comfort in a particular therapy or multiple disciplines, then one can truly begin to help others from a multi-faceted angle. The Humanistic Approach is definitely one that all licensed counselors or those in grief theory should be familiar with.
Please also review AIHCP’s Grief Counseling Certification. The program is online and independent study and open to qualified professionals seeking a four year certification in Grief Counseling.
Additional Resources
Mcleod, S. (2024). “Carl Rogers Humanistic Theory And Contribution To Psychology”. SimplyPsychology. Access here
“Different approaches to psychotherapy”. APA. Access here
Sherrell, Z. (2023). “What is Humanist Therapy”. MedicalNewsToday. Access here
Dexter, G. (2022). “What Is Gestalt Therapy?”. VeryWellHealth. Access here
“Humanistic Therapy”. Psychology Today. Access here
Cherry, K. (2023). “What Is Humanistic Therapy?”. VeryWellHealth. Access here